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Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department: Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany Candidate: Elizabeta Hristiyanova Dulendarova Supervisor: RNDr. Jaroslav Jenčo, Ph.D. Title of dissertation thesis: Phytochemical Studies of Potential Phytopharmaceuticals using Separation Methods The main aim of this diploma thesis was the identification of main alkaloidal components from the fraction of Papaver rhoeas L. (family Papaveraceae) alkaloidal extract - fraction PR-12-23. The introduction to the theoretical part summarizes alkaloids found in Papaver rhoeas L. and describes the separation methods used in the isolation process at the department of Phamacognosy and Pharmaceutical botany. Two main compounds within the extract were identified and separated based on HPTLC, HPLC-MS, and GC-MS chromatographic separation methods. For the subsequent fractions, the HPLC method development, optimization, and scaling up from analytical to preparative scale was done. After identification with the help of analytical HPLC and GC, the compounds were separated into fractions, isolated using preparative HPLC, and identified using NMR. The purified isolates were tested for anti-butyrylcholinesterase and cytotoxic biological activity, linked to AD and cancer, respectively. The first...

1 ABSTRACT Víchová Barbora: Biological activity of Peganum harmala L. alkaloids and their semi-synthetic derivatives I. Diploma thesis 2022. Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany β-Carboline alkaloids are natural substances with potential use in tumor therapy. In particular harmine, which acts cytotoxically by several mechanisms. The aim of the diploma thesis was to prepare N9-derivatives of harmine derivatives, to clarify their structure based on common spectrometric and spectroscopic methods (ESI, ESI-MS, NMR) and subsequently to study their biological activity (cytotoxicity, AChE, BchE and GSk-3beta inhibition). These tests resulted in several active derivatives, suitable candidates for further study. 9-N-(2-nitrobenzyl)harmine (HMA-22) was significantly cytotoxic to the Jurkat cell line (16% cell viability after 48 hours, compared to the control, with better cytotoxicity than the standard doxorubicin at a concentration of 1 μM). Another very active derivative was found 9-N-(5-bromopentyl)harmine (HMA-30), which was more cytotoxic to most tested cell lines than doxorubicin (1 μM), similarly as most of other derivatives. HMA-30 was also found as a potent BChE inhibitor (IC 50 4.06 ± 0.48 μM). 9-N-(4-nitrobenzyl)harmine (HMA-20)...