18 results on '"Julie Billy"'
Search Results
2. Multi-Decadal Seawall-Induced Topo-Bathymetric Perturbations along a Highly Energetic Coast
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Alexandre Nicolae Lerma, Julie Billy, Thomas Bulteau, and Cyril Mallet
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coastal erosion ,coastal structure ,beach recovery ,LiDAR ,Aquitaine Coast ,Naval architecture. Shipbuilding. Marine engineering ,VM1-989 ,Oceanography ,GC1-1581 - Abstract
Seawalls are commonly used worldwide to protect urbanized sea fronts. These alongshore protection structures are often blamed for hydro-sedimentary dynamics perturbations, but without clear and generalizable conclusions on long-term morphodynamic effects. In this paper, evolutions of beaches are studied from 1966 to 2021, comparing the urbanized sea front of Lacanau seaside resort (Aquitaine France) and adjacent natural areas. A large-scale spatiotemporal multisource dataset is used to derivate several indicators and evaluate the characteristics and magnitude of passive and active erosion related to a large riprap seawall at a highly energetic meso–macro tidal coast. The most dramatic manifestation of the presence of the seawall (passive erosion) is the beach lowering and the reduction of beach variability at the seasonal and interannual timescale in front of the seawall. However, recent evolutions are roughly similar at the seawall-backed beach than at the natural sector, indicating no specific active seawall influence on beach erosion or recovery. The perturbations directly attributable to the seawall (active erosion) are limited to temporary end-effect, slight perturbation of outer bar pattern and the setup of a slight platform around the depth of closure. The adverse effects are currently manageable, but they require a new strategy in view of the chronic shoreline retreat at adjacent sectors and the expected effects of climate change.
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- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Natural remobilization and historical evolution of a modern coastal transgressive dunefield
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Nicolas Robin, Julie Billy, Alexandre Nicolae Lerma, Bruno Castelle, Patrick A. Hesp, David Rosebery, Corentin Fauny, Jacques Deparis, Vincent Marieu, Cedric Bouchet, and Graziela Miot da Silva
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Geography, Planning and Development ,Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous) ,Earth-Surface Processes - Published
- 2023
4. Development of a spectrophotometric method for the quantification of c-phycocyanin in the cyanobacteria Aphanizomenon flos-aquae
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Julie Billy, Jeremy Pruvost, Olivier Lépine, Delphine Drouin, and Olivier Gonçalves
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The current study presents the development of a reliable method for the quantification of c-phycocyanin. It was found that the spectrophotometric method commonly used for c-phycocyanin quantification tends to overestimate the actual amount of c-phycocyanin in AFA samples. Thus, the aim of this study was to account for c-phycocyanin variation between cyanobacteria species in order to reliably adapt the spectrophotometric quantification method of c-phycocyanin for Aphanizomenon flos-aquae (AFA). High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to avoid interference between molecules. The existing spectrophotometric equations for the quantification of AFA c-phycocyanin were adapted using a c-phycocyanin standard. The method was then used to obtain a new set of spectrophotometric quantification equations that were adapted to the strain of interest and ensured the accuracy of c-phycocyanin quantification while continuing to use a rapid, simple, and inexpensive method for pigment quantification. The method developed here could be adapted to improve the quantification methods for other types of phycocyanin, cyanobacteria, or even other compounds of interest that are currently quantified by spectrophotometry.
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- 2023
5. FOREDUNE GUIDED REMOBILIZATION EXPERIMENTS ALONG THE SOUTHWEST COAST OF FRANCE
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ALEXANDRE NICOLAE LERMA, BRUNO CASTELLE, DAVID ROSEBERY, CEDRIC BOUCHET, JULIE BILLY, BRUCE AYACHE, OLIVIER BURVINGT, and NICOLAS ROBIN
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- 2023
6. Airborne electromagnetics as a tool to image the land-to-sea sedimentary continuum: A complementary geophysical approach to improve coastal characterization
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Julie Billy, Pierre-Alexandre Reninger, Anne Raingeard, Eric Chaumillon, and Clément Bouvier
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Geochemistry and Petrology ,Geology ,Oceanography - Published
- 2022
7. 150 years of foredune initiation and evolution driven by human and natural processes
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David Rosebery, B. Destribats, Vincent Marieu, Stéphane Bujan, Quentin Laporte-Fauret, Richard Michalet, Julie Billy, A. Nicolae Lerma, Patrick A. Hesp, Nicolas Robin, Bruno Castelle, Centre de formation et de recherche sur l'environnement marin (CEFREM), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), Environnements et Paléoenvironnements OCéaniques (EPOC), Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Office National des Forêts (ONF)
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Foredune ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,GPR ,Anthropogenic influence ,Earth science ,Storm ,Vegetation ,15. Life on land ,010502 geochemistry & geophysics ,01 natural sciences ,Deposition (geology) ,Natural (archaeology) ,Sand fences ,13. Climate action ,Foredune stratification ,[SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics] ,Facies ,Ground-penetrating radar ,Foredune Coastal dune history ,Aeolian processes ,14. Life underwater ,Geology ,Truc Vert ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Earth-Surface Processes - Abstract
International audience; Foredunes are efficient natural coastal defenses acting as protective barriers during storm events. They also have the capacity to be an ecosystem hosting significant biodiversity. The economic development and/or recreational use of the foredune commonly results in a modification of natural functioning and the concomitant mixing of natural and anthropogenic processes. While the impact of human interventions on the short term evolution of coastal dunes is reasonably well understood, relatively less is known on their imprint at a scale of several decades. The Truc Vert beach-dune system (SW France), which has been exposed to various dune management strategies for more than a century, provides a relevant site to explore the respective contributions of natural and anthropogenic processes on coastal foredune evolution and the current coastal dune landscape. For this purpose, the coastal dune system was investigated using several approaches that combine ground penetrating radar (GPR), topographic data, aerial photographs and historical maps.A 20-m thick GPR sequence provides a stratigraphic record from which we detail ~150-year period of coastal dune change, including the initiation of the foredune. Results show a mixture of radar facies typical of natural aeolian erosion or deposition and radar facies that are the signature of human actions. These anthropogenic works include a large fence emplaced in 1860 to build and fix the foredune, and intense mechanical reshaping of the dune profile by bulldozers in 1972 followed by an intensive planting of vegetation. These various management strategies had a profound influence on coastal dune changes and, in turn, on the current coastal dune landscape. Historic archives documenting coastal dune works were critical to discriminate some of the radar facies, which could be wrongfully interpreted as natural erosion or deposition facies. Therefore, these results demonstrate the importance of coupling GPR and historical documentation wherever possible to determine, in part or fully, the contributions of human interventions and actions in modern dune evolution and morphological development.
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- 2021
8. Beach-dune Recovery from the Extreme 2013-2014 Storms Erosion at Truc Vert Beach, Southwest France: New Insights from Ground-penetrating Radar
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Bruno Castelle, Benoit Destribats, Richard Michalet, Alexandre Nicolae Lerma, Vincent Marieu, David Rosebery, Patrick A. Hesp, Nicolas Robin, Stéphane Bujan, Quentin Laporte-Fauret, Julie Billy, Adaptation, Climat Tropical, Exercice et Santé (ACTES), Université des Antilles (UA), Centre de Formation et de Recherche sur les Environnements Méditérranéens (CEFREM), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), Environnements et Paléoenvironnements OCéaniques (EPOC), Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Flinders University [Adelaide, Australia], and Office National des Forêts (ONF)
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Foredune ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Ecology ,010505 oceanography ,[SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences ,Storm ,01 natural sciences ,Natural (archaeology) ,law.invention ,Oceanography ,Lidar ,law ,Aggradation ,[SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics] ,Ground-penetrating radar ,Erosion ,14. Life underwater ,Radar ,Geology ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Earth-Surface Processes ,Water Science and Technology - Abstract
Robin, N.; Billy, J.; Castelle, B.; Hesp, P.; Laporte-Fauret, Q.; Nicolae-Lerma, A.; Marieu, V.; Rosebery, D.; Bujan, S.; Destribats, B., and Michalet., 2020. Beach-dune recovery from the extreme 2013-2014 storms erosion at Truc Vert Beach, Southwest France: New insights from ground-penetrating radar. In: Malvarez, G. and Navas, F. (eds.), Global Coastal Issues of 2020. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 95, pp. 588–592. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.Foredunes are efficient natural coastal defenses acting as protective barriers during storm events. A striking example is the response of coastal dunes along the Aquitaine Coast (SW France) to the 2013-2014 winter, which was the most energetic winter since at least the mid-20th century in most of the NE Atlantic. The aim of this study is to analyze the (partial) foredune recovery from the 2013-2014 winter at Truc Vert beach using ground-penetrating radar (GPR) and through the coastal dune internal structure. Geophysical data was compared with semi-monthly DGPS topographic data of the beach, UAV-photogrammetry and Airborne LiDAR surveys of the coastal dune. Three main recovery phases were identified from the 2013-2014 winter: (i) aggradation of the upper-beach and dune front-crest during the post-storm summer; (ii) distinct phases of incipient dune-foot development with dune-crest stability during the following year, and (iii) since 2016, aggradation of both dune-foot and dune front-crest tending towards an equilibrium profile. This study shows that GPR surveys, combined with chronological topographic data, is an efficient tool to provide comprehensive understanding of the beach-dune system evolution at a decadal scale. This approach opens new perspectives to document foredune recovery timing and magnitude along sandy coasts.
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- 2020
9. Impact des activités humaines sur l'évolution du littoral en Afrique de l'Ouest -Contribution des données historiques de WACA-F
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Franck Desmazes, Manuel Garcin, Clément Gicquel, Julie Billy, and Aurélie Maspataud
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- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Impact of relative sea-level changes since the last deglaciation on the formation of a composite paraglacial barrier
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Raphaël Certain, Duncan M. FitzGerald, Julie Billy, Christopher J. Hein, and Nicolas Robin
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geography ,geography.geographical_feature_category ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Shoal ,Geology ,010502 geochemistry & geophysics ,Oceanography ,01 natural sciences ,Paleontology ,Paraglacial ,Geochemistry and Petrology ,Subaerial ,Deglaciation ,Sequence stratigraphy ,Sedimentology ,Overwash ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Marine transgression - Abstract
Comprehensive onshore-offshore surficial and sub-surface mapping of a composite barrier (combination of prograded, aggraded, and/or transgressive segments) have provided a better understanding of the (i) mechanisms responsible for the formation and development of coastal barrier systems, (ii) relationships and interactions among individual parts of those systems, and (ii) the overall stratigraphic framework of subaerial and subaqueous segments of the barriers. Here, we investigate these facets of barrier evolution through integration of stratigraphic data from subaqueous high-resolution seismic and subaerial ground-penetrating radar, sedimentology (terrestrial cores and seafloor surface samples), and merged topographic and bathymetric mapping of the Miquelon-Langlade Barrier (northwest Atlantic Ocean, south of Newfoundland). This barrier system has two open coasts and evolved in a paraglacial setting, influenced by the reworking of glaciogenic sediment (glacial moraines) in a regime of complex sea-level changes. The barrier stratigraphic sequence is placed within the context of a shifting period from shoreline transgression to one of regression; the resulting sedimentary units reflect the isolated position of the Saint-Pierre-and-Miquelon Archipelago distal from continental influence. Seismic profiles reveal the position of the lowstand shoreline, located 20–25 m below modern sea level, further refining the existing lowstand model of southern Newfoundland. Continuous onshore-offshore subsurface geophysical mapping of the barrier allows for the identification of the relative positioning of distinct sedimentary units interpreted as subaerial barrier (beaches, dunes, spit), shoals, and shoreface deposits, and allows for estimation of the total barrier sediment volume (235 × 106 m3) and its relative subaqueous (90%) and subaerial (10%) components. Moreover, it reveals the three distinct morphological units comprising the Holocene barrier: (i) central, regressive, swash-aligned beach-ridge plains developed atop both thin (westward-prograding) and thick (eastward-prograding) shoreface deposits, (ii) drift-aligned, elongating spits located in the northwest and northeast of the island, and (iii) a transgressive barrier located adjacent to the northwest spit, pinned on its landward side to parabolic sand dunes, and currently experiencing erosion and limited overwash. Finally, this study places evolution of this system in the framework of paraglacial barrier evolutionary typology.
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- 2018
11. Insight into the late Holocene sea-level changes in the NW Atlantic from a paraglacial beach-ridge plain south of Newfoundland
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Raphaël Certain, Duncan M. FitzGerald, Christopher J. Hein, Julie Billy, Nicolas Robin, Centre de Formation et de Recherche sur les Environnements Méditérranéens (CEFREM), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Virginia Institute of Marine Science (VIMS), Department of Earth and Environment [Boston], and Boston University [Boston] (BU)
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Sea-level indicators ,geography ,Sea-level rise ,Sediment supply ,geography.geographical_feature_category ,Regressive barrier ,Beach ridges ,Paleontology ,Post-glacial deposits ,Paraglacial ,Moraine ,Clastic rock ,Facies ,Beach ridge ,Sedimentary rock ,[SDU.STU.GM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geomorphology ,Holocene ,Geology ,Sea level ,Earth-Surface Processes - Abstract
International audience; Constructional sedimentary features can provide insight into past changes in relative sea-level (RSL) in regions where traditional bio-stratigraphic markers are absent. The paraglacial beach-ridge plain at Miquelon-Langlade, located 50 km south of Newfoundland, is an example of a well-preserved regressive barrier. Initiation of this plain correlates with a decrease in the rate of RSL rise (from + 4.4 mm/yr to ~ 1.3 mm/yr) at around 3000 years ago. It developed under conditions of normal regression during a period of slow RSL rise (< 1.3 mm/yr). The barrier is composed of two oppositely prograding mixed sand-and-gravel beach-ridge systems, which evolved contemporaneously along two open coasts. The growth of these features reflects high rates of sediment influx that was sourced from the erosion of proximal glacigenic sediment (moraines) and reworked alongshore and across-shore by wave action. The combination of stratigraphic (ground-penetrating radar and sediment cores), topographic (RTK-GPS) and chronologic (optically stimulated luminescence, OSL) data provide a detailed understanding of the constructional history of the plain. The well-defined contact between coarse-grained, wave-built facies and overlying aeolian deposits is used to demonstrate the dominant influences of RSL change in the development of the barrier system and produce a RSL curve over the period of its formation. A net increase of 2.4 m in the surface elevation of wave-built facies is observed across the plain, corresponding to the increase in mean sea-level during its formation. Coupled with OSL dates, trends in elevation of the wave-built facies across the plain are used to reconstruct the relative sea-level history during this period. Acknowledging the uncertainties inherent in the method applied in this study, three distinct periods of sea-level rise can be distinguished: (1) an increase from 2.4 to 1 m below modern MSL between 2400 and 1500 years (average rate of + 1.3 mm/yr); (2) relatively stable or slowly rising RSL (
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- 2015
12. An Innovative Approach for a Comprehensive Characterization of Coastal Dune Systems through Internal Architecture and the Associated Intrinsic Geophysical Properties
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Jacques Deparis, Julie Billy, Manuel Garcin, Adnan Bitri, Vivien Baudouin, Angélie Portal, and Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)
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010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Ecology ,[SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences ,Geophysics ,010502 geochemistry & geophysics ,01 natural sciences ,Characterization (materials science) ,[SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics] ,Architecture ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS ,Geology ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Earth-Surface Processes ,Water Science and Technology - Abstract
International audience
- Published
- 2020
13. Apport de la géophysique terrestre (géo-radar, sismique réfraction) pour l’aide à la gestion du trait de côte
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Nicolas Robin, Julie Billy, Eric Palvadeau, Samuel Meulé, Yann Balouin, Adnand Bitri, Angélie Portal, Alexis Stépanian, Raphael Certain, Bertil Hebert, Olivier Raynal, Alicia Rojas-Marquez, Christine Sotin, Sébastien Marguerite, Nicolas Aleman, Jean-Paul Barusseau, Centre de Formation et de Recherche sur les Environnements Méditérranéens (CEFREM), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), Université de Montpellier (UM), Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Formation et de Recherche sur les Environnements Méditérranéens ( CEFREM ), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia ( UPVD ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) ( BRGM ), Université de Montpellier ( UM ), Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement de géosciences de l'environnement ( CEREGE ), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Collège de France ( CdF ) -Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS )
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[ SDU.OCEAN ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere ,ondes de surface ,[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere ,Géo-radar (GPR) ,stratigraphie dunaire ,[SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences ,[ SDU.STU ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS ,Sismique ,stock sédimentaire - Abstract
International audience
- Published
- 2018
14. Apport de la géophysique terrestre (géo-radar, sismique) pour l’aide à la gestion du trait de côte
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Eric Palvadeau, Nicolas Robin, Adnand Bitri, Bertil Hebert, Christine Sotin, Raphaël Certain, Jean-Paul Barusseau, Samuel Meulé, Alicia Rojas-Marquez, Alexis Stepanian, Angélie Portal, Yann Balouin, Julie Billy, Nicolas Aleman, Olivier Raynal, and Sébastien Marguerite
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Geology - Published
- 2018
15. Barrier shoreline evolution constrained by shoreface sediment reservoir and substrate control: The Miquelon-Langlade Barrier, NW Atlantic
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Christopher J. Hein, Nicolas Robin, Serge Berné, Julie Billy, and Raphaël Certain
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Shore ,geography ,geography.geographical_feature_category ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Ecology ,Bedrock ,Sediment ,010502 geochemistry & geophysics ,01 natural sciences ,Substrate (marine biology) ,Oceanography ,Archipelago ,Spatial variability ,West coast ,Geomorphology ,Geology ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Earth-Surface Processes ,Water Science and Technology - Abstract
Billy, J., Robin, N., Certain, R., Hein, C. and Berne, S., 2013. Barrier shoreline evolution constrained by shoreface sediment reservoir and substrate control: the Miquelon-Langlade Barrier, NW Atlantic. The Saint-Pierre-et-Miquelon Archipelago (France) is located in the NW Atlantic Ocean, proximal to the Cabot Straight outlet of the Gulf of Saint-Lawrence, and 50 km south of Newfoundland (Canada). The Miquelon-Langlade Barrier is a 12-km-long, 100–2500-m-wide, north-south–oriented isthmus connecting two bedrock islands (Miquelon to the north; Langlade to the south). This study aims to improve our understanding of shoreface-shoreline sediment exchange processes by comparing medium-term (1949–2011) shoreline changes, determined from aerial photographs and differential GPS data, with total shoreface sediment reservoir volumes estimated using seismic along the west coast of the Miquelon-Langlade Barrier. Spatial variability between the northern and southern sectors of the study site are seen both in...
- Published
- 2013
16. Tidal and fluvial controls on the morphological evolution of a lobate estuarine tidal bar: The Plassac Tidal Bar in the Gironde Estuary (France)
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Hugues Fenies, Eric Chaumillon, Julie Billy, Clément Poirier, Centre de Formation et de Recherche sur les Environnements Méditérranéens (CEFREM), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés - UMRi 7266 (LIENSs), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and CV Associés Engineering
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Lobate-shape ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,[SDU.STU.GP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph] ,Bay-head delta ,Fluvial ,Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics ,010502 geochemistry & geophysics ,01 natural sciences ,Tidal atlas ,Physics::Geophysics ,Morphological evolution ,[SDU.STU.GM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geomorphology ,14. Life underwater ,[SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment ,Geomorphology ,Tidal bar ,Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Earth-Surface Processes ,Gironde Estuary ,geography ,geography.geographical_feature_category ,Sediment ,Shoal ,Estuary ,Inlet ,13. Climate action ,Bathymetry ,[SDU.STU.ST]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Stratigraphy ,Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics ,Sediment transport ,Geology ,Accretion (coastal management) - Abstract
International audience; This study shows the short-term sediment dynamics (2010) and the long-term morphological evolution (1905 to 2008) of a tidal sand bar emplaced in the Gironde Estuary, the Plassac Tidal Bar. This tidal sand bar was selected because it corresponds to a morphological category (lobate shape) that was not previously studied in the setting of estuarine bay-head deltas. A recent high-resolution bathymetric survey (2010) evi- dences the sediment transport pattern, inferred from the lee face orientation of subaqueous dunes. This sediment transport pattern, together with results from previous studies, explains the five main mechanisms for the tidal bar evolution identified from 29 bathymetric maps since 1905: namely, flood ramp infill, partial ebb shield breaching, lateral accretion of the ebb spits and ebb shield lengthening, generated by the merging of mini-flood lobes on the outer sides of the ebb spits. Lateral accretion seems to be a key-process of sediment accretion for lobate tidal sand bars. Most of the evolutions are explained by tidal processes, but a fluvial influence is evidenced by correlating the presence of mini-flood lobes (migrating seaward from the upper reaches of the bay-head delta) and the lengthening of the tidal bar with periods of high fluvial discharge. A ca. 25-year periodicity in both the fluvial discharge and the tidal bar width, length and volume variations is evidenced and suggests a climate control on the tidal bar evolution. A classification of lobate tidal sand bars is proposed in order to distinguish tide-dominated and wave-influenced sand bars emplaced in large estuary mouth or tidal inlets, from tide-dominated and fluvial-influenced sand bars emplaced in bay-head deltas.
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- 2012
17. Internal architecture of mixed sand-and-gravel beach ridges: Miquelon-Langlade Barrier, NW Atlantic
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Raphaël Certain, Duncan M. FitzGerald, Nicolas Robin, Julie Billy, Christopher J. Hein, Centre de Formation et de Recherche sur les Environnements Méditérranéens (CEFREM), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Virginia Institute of Marine Science (VIMS), Department of Earth and Environment [Boston], and Boston University [Boston] (BU)
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010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,GPR ,[SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences ,Internal architecture ,010502 geochemistry & geophysics ,Oceanography ,01 natural sciences ,Sedimentary depositional environment ,Paraglacial ,Geochemistry and Petrology ,14. Life underwater ,Gulf of Saint Lawrence ,Geomorphology ,Sea level ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,geography ,geography.geographical_feature_category ,Beach ridge ,Geology ,Regressive barrier ,Ridge ,Facies ,Sedimentary rock ,Swash ,Wave-built facies - Abstract
International audience; The internal architecture of a beach-ridge system can provide clues into the processes involved in its formation. Detailed investigation of the mixed sand-and-gravel beach-ridge plain on the Miquelon-Langlade Barrier (northwest Atlantic Ocean, south of Newfoundland) provides a better understanding of such sedimentary systems in terms of internal architecture, depositional processes and driving mechanisms. Investigations of this regressive paraglacial barrier included the topographic (RTK-GPS) and ground-penetrating radar (100 to 500 MHz antennae) data collection, orthophotographs and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating. The Miquelon-Langlade beach-ridge plain is composed of two opposing progradational systems, reflecting contrasting eastward and westward hydrodynamic exposures. Four ridge sets, each with concave planform shapes, define the 500–1400-m wide eastward prograding plain along the sheltered eastern coast. Two ridge-sets with linear and fan-shaped planforms define the 200–500-m wide south-westward prograding plain along the energetic western coast.Beach-ridge units overlay a basal sedimentary unit that disrupted incoming wave energy and altered the planform morphology of the prograding plain. The internal architecture pattern of individual beach ridges are characterized by sigmoidal configurations with seaward-dipping beds (2.3–4.7° true dip-angles). It is proposed that these wave-built facies are deposited as beach berms, likely by fair-weather waves. The elevations of these facies are determined by the sea level elevation and the swash height of constructive waves during their formation. Beach ridges are overlain by either peat resulting from the flooding of topographically low-lying areas, or by aeolian sand deposits of varying heights and morphologies (relict foredunes).Despite the differences in wave exposure along each coast, the sedimentary composition and internal architecture of the two progradational systems are broadly similar; bed dip angles of the individual beach ridges differ by only 1–2°, steeper along the exposed westward-facing coast. Overall, the Miquelon-Langlade beach-ridge plain highlights the primary influences of wave exposure, inherited topography, and proximal sediment sources (from erosion of moraines) on coastal progradational patterns.
- Published
- 2014
18. Tidal and fluvial controls on the internal architecture and sedimentary facies of a lobate estuarine tidal bar (The Plassac Tidal Bar in the Gironde Estuary, France)
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Jean-François Breilh, Eric Chaumillon, Julie Billy, H Richetti, Hugues Fenies, LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés - UMRi 7266 (LIENSs), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CV Associés Engineering, Centre de Formation et de Recherche sur les Environnements Méditérranéens (CEFREM), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Vermilion Rep S.A. BP
- Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Bedding ,[SDU.STU.GP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph] ,Bay-head delta ,Fluvial ,Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics ,010502 geochemistry & geophysics ,Oceanography ,01 natural sciences ,Tidal atlas ,Very high resolution ,Physics::Geophysics ,Barrier island ,Geochemistry and Petrology ,Tidal sandbar ,14. Life underwater ,[SDU.STU.GM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geomorphology ,[SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment ,Geomorphology ,Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,geography ,geography.geographical_feature_category ,Shoal ,Geology ,Estuary ,seismic profiling ,Lateral accretion ,[SDU.STU.ST]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Stratigraphy ,Facies ,Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics ,Sediment transport - Abstract
International audience; Estuarine tidal bars emplaced in estuaries are complex sediment bodies composed of sand and mud provided by rivers. This study focuses on the Plassac Tidal Bar, which is the unique lobate-shape tidal bar of the Gironde Estuary, located at the very upstream extremity of the bay-head delta, because no detailed sedimentological studies have been made on such geomorphological category of tidal bar. Its stratigraphy was investigated using a dense grid of 65 very high resolution seismic profiles, ground-truthed by 6 to 9 meter-long cores and time-controlled by historical bathymetric surveys. The base of the tidal bar consists of a tidal erosional surface. This surface has eroded muddy tidalites, corresponding to the maximum flooding surface of the Gironde Estuary. The bar is composed of two vertical sequences of facies, composed of thickening-up cross stratified fine-to medium-grained sand beds at the top and decimeter-thick mud-layers at the base. Those mud layers constitute the master bedding of the bar and are dipping in a channelward direction, perpendicularly to the tidal flows and to the sediment transport directions. One phase of lateral accretion of the Plassac Tidal Bar is correlated with variations in fluvial discharge of the last decades and suggests a climate control on the internal architecture of this sandbar. Low water periods lead to the upstream migration of the turbidity maximum and to the deposition and consolidation of the muddy master bedding planes. During the subsequent flood periods, the muddy master bedding planes are partially eroded and then buried by the fluvially-sourced sandy mini-flood lobes that merge with the tidal bar. The internal architecture of the Plassac Tidal Bar is controlled by a lateral accretion process, its master bedding surfaces which record this process are dipping perpendicularly to the axis of the tidal flows. All the other tidal bars of the bay-head delta (around a dozen) exhibit an elongated morphology and prograde longitudinally by seaward frontal accretion occurring in the axis of the tidal flows. The master bedding surfaces which record this process are seaward dipping along the axis of the tidal flows. Those variations in internal accretion surfaces orientation of tidal bars are of considerable importance and must be taken into account for studies of ancient tidal deposits, paleoenvironment reconstructions and for heterogeneities characterization and quantification of reservoir properties in these types of sandstones.
- Published
- 2013
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