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Purpose: This study aimed to measure toe grip strength (TGS) and identify its related factors among older adults receiving services from home-visiting caregivers. It is necessary to investigate TGS to develop fall prevention programs because the chance of falling at home increases among older adults.Methods: Data were gathered from 91 older adults enrolled in six home-visiting care centers located in C city. Six trained social workers at each center visited older adults’ homes and gathered data between March 29 and April 15, 2021.Results: There were significant differences in TGS by gender (t=2.15, p=.035), age (r=-.28, p=.006), education level (F=6.69, p

This goal of this study is to analyze the effects of body composition and health related physical fitness on 76 college students (43 males, 33 females) who participated in long-term (over 18 months) self-directed exercise for suggesting a model for a general physical education paradigm. As a result, the following conclusions were obtained. First, in the 1st and 2nd t-test of the study subjects’ body composition, both men and women didn’t have any significant results in all factors (weight, BMI, and body fat); in the 2nd and 3rd t-test, both men and women had significant results in body fat(%). Second, in the 1st and 2nd t-test of the study subjects’ health-related physical fitness, both men and women had improvements in muscular strength, muscular endurance, explosive muscular strength, flexibility, and cardiovascular endurance, and men had significant results in muscular strength and cardiovascular endurance. In the 2nd and 3rd t-test, both men and women had improvements in muscular strength, muscular endurance, explosive muscular strength, flexibility, and cardiovascular endurance, and both men and women had significant results in cardiovascular endurance. To sum it up, although both men and women didn’t have any significance in their health-related physical fitness factors except for cardiovascular endurance, their physical strength continued to be improved by the long-term exercise participation. Therefore, for the effect of self-directed exercise, health related physical fitness can be improved when an environment for self-direction is created in college life, which is an extracurricular program of general physical education. Also, it suggests that when the general physical education integrates and applies curriculum and extracurriculum, it can fulfill the functional role as a model of the new general physical education paradigm as well as meeting the educational goal of general physical education through the practice of the self-directed exercise of college students.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to non-destructively and quickly predict the capsaicinoid content of domestic red pepper powders from various areas of Korea using a pungency measurement system in combination with visible and near-infrared (VNIR) spectroscopic techniques. Methods: The reflectance spectra of 149 red pepper powder samples from14 areas of Korea were obtained in the wavelength range of 450-950 nm and partial least squares regression (PLSR) models for the prediction of capsaicinoid content were developed using area models. Results: The determination coefficient of validation (RV2), standard error of prediction (SEP), and residual prediction deviation (RPD) for the capsaicinoid content prediction model for the Namyoungyang area were 0.985, ±2.17 mg/100g, and 7.94, respectively. Conclusions: These results show the possibility of VNIR spectroscopy combined with PLSR models in the non-destructive and facile prediction of capsaicinoid content of red pepper powders from Korea.

This study was carried out to develop turning radius measuring method and device of using a DGPS speed sensor for agricultural tractors. The measurement system consisted of a DGPS speed sensor, a data acquisition device, a touch panel, a photo sensor, a radio modem and a notebook computer. Three methods were developed: average of turning speed-time method, integral of turning speed-time method, and speed-heading angular velocity method. Best method was average of turning speed-time method which could be used with a maximum error 2.7 cm.

This study was carried out to develop a shredding-burying machine for application of gramineae green manure crops that were tall and had high biomass yield such as sudan grass and rye. We made a prototype to operate both shredding and burying concurrently to attach at middle-sized tractors. Field tests were performed with the prototype to treat rye and sudan grass. The test results showed that the average cutting length became shorter and the quantity of entwined stem became obviously decreased when the PTO shaft speed was fast and running speed was slow. Also, We found, when the cut stem length became shorter, the burying ratio became more increasing and the PTO power requirement became more decreasing. Working efficiency of the prototype was better than conventional Rotary. The test results for treating rye/sudan grass with prototype showed that average cutting length was 21.2/22.5 cm and burying ratio was 98.4/98.1% when the PTO shaft speed was 1,000/1,000 rpm and running speed was 0.25/0.17 m/s. Also, the working performance of the prototype was 0.79 and 1.14 h/10 a for rye and sudan grass, respectively. Finally, we found that the prototype of shredding-burying machine was better for labor than conventional method that required at least 3 times bigger tractor.