Search

Imaging modalities such as Computed Tomography (CT) are one of the technologies to produce high-resolution images. The image generated by CT can be used to diagnose diseases in patients. CT may also be required during pregnancy to determine common causes of acute abdominal pain such as suspected appendicitis, intestinal obstruction, and pancreatitis, especially if other imaging techniques such as ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are inconclusive. For chest-abdomen-pelvic (CAP) CT examination, the possibility of the fetus being directly irradiated, so potential exposure to the fetus should be considered. The aimed study evaluated the dose received by the fetal during CT scan using IndoseCT software. IndoseCT is software for calculating and managing the radiation dose of computed tomography. The maximal dose received by the fetal is 50 mGy based on NCRP Report 128. This study uses three patient CT scan images on The Cancer Genome Atlas Uterine Corpus Endometrial Carcinoma (TCGA-UCEC) data obtained from The Cancer Imaging Archive (TCIA). The equivalent dose is calculated in the area of fetal growth. From the simulation, the values of CTDIvol, Dw, SSDE, and the effective dose will be displayed based on AAPM Report 204. The dose obtained in the area around the fetal growth in all three data was below the threshold. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Radiotherapy helps kill cancer cells in patients. In the radiotherapy process, radiation quality assurance is needed to maintain consistency and safety in administering doses to the target. The implementation of radiotherapy in patients requires planning made by medical physicists. In this study, radiotherapy treatment planning was carried out using the 3D Slicer-SlicerRT in the case of lung cancer with the diagnosis of stage II squamous cell carcinoma, male sex and consisted of 1 nodule. Patient data is obtained from The Cancer Imaging Archive, NSCLC-Radiomics. The method in this study began with processing patient data with a total fraction recipe of 60 Gy/30 and 63 Gy/30. The variations given are combination gantry angles of 0°,45°,90°,135°,180°, and 225°, with the number of beams being 4, 5, and 6. Furthermore, the value of the homogeneity index, tissue density, and electron density was evaluated. Dosage planning is limited to 95−107% of the dosage determined based on the ICRU 50. This study obtained the results of tissue density and electron density relatively by the reference standards for each organ. The treatment planning results are by the total standard and have the best homogeneity index of 0.25449 for five beams. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Radiation dose is the basis used to optimize lung cancer treatment, requiring the right and accurate amount. One of the steps used in optimizing treatment is radiotherapy treatment planning, which aims to maximize the dose targeted at tumor cells and minimize the dose to healthy organs. This study aims to evaluate the fulfillment of total dose standards for healthy organs and the homogeneity of dose distribution using the 3D slicer-Slicer RT software. The method used in this study used two CT data and RT-Structures of NSCLC-Radiomics with a diagnosis of stage IIIB squamous cell carcinoma from The Cancer Imaging Archive (TCIA), the exact location of cancer, and only one nodule. Network density values are calculated using segment statistics on 3D Slicer based on CT-DICOM information. Meanwhile, the treatment plan was built using 3D Slicer-SlicerRT with a 60 Gy/30 fraction dose. The treatment design uses four planes, and optimization combines the gantry angle and beams weight. The results showed that the treatment planning system using 3D Slicer-SlicerRT met the total dose standard for healthy organs and had a homogeneity index for the first and second patient was 0.004 and 0.009, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ease of manufacturing human phantoms using 3D printing technology is a breakthrough for quality assurance tools in radiotherapy and diagnostic radiology with a more accessible and more cost-effective technique. However, a challenge arises to identify suitable materials and achieve cancer tissue equivalency. This study evaluates the characteristics and determines the appropriate material to mimic cancer tissue in a 3D anthropomorphic phantom. The material samples consisted of agar, gelatin, agarose, polyester resin, and silicon rubber. All samples were synthesized and printed into a cylindrical mold made of 95% polylactic acid (PLA) with a diameter of 3 cm and thickness of 1 cm. Calcium powder (Ca), salt (NaCl), and silica gel (SiO2) were added to some materials to expand the range of CT number or Hounsfield Unit (HU) values to adjust the attenuation characteristics of the actual cancer tissue. The material samples were tested with CT scan equipment, and the HU value was measured using RadiAnt DICOM Viewer software. The results obtained that agar, gelatin, and agarose material have an average HU value in the same range as the actual cancer tissue, namely 4 to 47, 14 to 31, and-19.47 to 21.84 HU, respectively. This agreement is further confirmed by relative electron density (RED) values for agar, gelatin, and agarose materials of 1.03, 1.02, and 1.00, respectively. These RED values are equal to the actual RED value of cancer tissue, which is 0.99. Besides, this study also evaluates the CT image quality and HU value of material based on tube voltage variation. The results show that the average HU value on the CT image gives a less significant difference and has a small variation in the HU range from 80 to 140 kV voltage. Therefore, it can be concluded that agar, gelatin, and agarose can be used as mimic materials of cancer tissue, and the HU value is not significantly affected by the tube voltage variation factor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The second most frequently diagnosed cancer (11.4%) is lung cancer and the leading cause of cancer death (18%). Radiation planning is a stage in radiation treatment. The purpose of radiation planning is to provide the maximum dose to the target tumor and minimize the dosage received by the organ at risk (OAR). Therefore, it is necessary to make a treatment plan, and dose analysis was to determine radiation characteristics using a 3D Slicer. This study used three patient data on stage IIIB (large-cell) Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer obtained from The Cancer Imaging Archive (TCIA). This research uses 3D Slicer software. Relative Electron Density (RED) was obtained from the segment statistics module and radiation planning using the radiotherapy module. The study analyzes the Relative Electron Density, the target volume, the OAR, and homogeneity with the reference. The mean values of RED in the spinal cord, left lung, right lung, esophagus, and GTV-1 were 1.148, 0.244, 0.231, 0.629, and 0.691, respectively. The iso levels have values above 95% and less than 100%. The obtained radiation dose by organs at risk in all patients is still below the tolerance limit of the recommendation. The HI values of the three IDs are homogeneous. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]