Search

Your search keyword '"Jaffard R"' showing total 241 results
Start Over Author "Jaffard R" Publication Year Range Last 50 years
241 results on '"Jaffard R"'

2. Comparative effects of the dopaminergic agonists piribedil and bromocriptine in three different memory paradigms in rodents

Author

Marighetto, A., Valerio, S., Philippin, JN, Bertaina-Anglade, V., Drieu la Rochelle, C., Jaffard, R., and Morain, P.

Subjects
Bromocriptine -- Dosage and administration, Bromocriptine -- Psychological aspects, Bromocriptine -- Research, Memory -- Physiological aspects, Memory -- Research, Neurologic manifestations of general diseases -- Research, Animal models in research -- Usage, Dopamine -- Agonists, Dopamine -- Dosage and administration, Dopamine -- Psychological aspects, Dopamine -- Research, Pharmaceuticals and cosmetics industries, Psychology and mental health
Published
2008

8. Behavioral Models of Memory and Amnesia

Author

Richelle M, Slangen Jl, Earley B, Olton Ds, and Jaffard R

Subjects
Behavior, Animal, Radial maze, media_common.quotation_subject, Amnesia, Cognition, General Medicine, Disease Models, Animal, Psychiatry and Mental health, Drug treatment, Memory, medicine, Animals, Humans, Pharmacology (medical), Passive avoidance, medicine.symptom, Psychology, Cognitive psychology, Vigilance (psychology), media_common
Abstract

In modelling memory and amnesia, the different forms of cognition must be distinguished. For memory, distinctions between acquisition, storage, and retrieval must be made and the different kinds of memory (e.g., immediate, working, reference) identified. Other notions, such as attention, orientation, and vigilance also belong under the heading "cognition". Thus the term "cognition enhancer" is imprecise because it does not indicate which kind of cognition is to be enhanced. Animal models should be developed for each type of cognition, be based on information from the clinic, and attempt to be specific. Examples of models more specific than the passive avoidance test were discussed and included the radial maze, in which different kinds of memory could be analyzed and correlated with, for example, changes in central cholinergic activity. From the point of view of drug development an important distinction was made between "empirical" and "simulation" models. In other areas of psychopharmacology "empirical" models have been widely used because they show predictable responses to known reference compounds. In the field of cognition there are no generally recognized reference compounds and therefore no "empirical" models. There is therefore a need for "simulation" models which imitate the various aspects of cognition and its pathology. The major criterion for validating this kind of model is that it should show changes similar to those observed in humans either resulting from a particular pathology or from a particular drug treatment.

Published
1990

10. Knowing which and knowing what: a potential mouse model for age-related human declarative memory decline

Author

Marighetto, A, Etchamendy, N, Touzani, K, Torrea, C, Yee, B, Rawlins, J, and Jaffard, R

Abstract

The present study was built on the original report of Eichenbaum et al. [Eichenbaum, H., Fagan, A., Mathews, P. and Cohen, N.J. (1988), Behav. Neurosci., 102, 3531-3542] on the contrasting effects of fornix lesion in different versions of an odour-guided discrimination task in rats, and attempted to extend this into a mouse model for the preferential loss of declarative memory seen in human senescence. Each of the two experiments reported here consisted of a two-stage paradigm, with an initial learning phase followed by a test phase. The information acquired in the first stage was identical in both experiments, i.e. the valence or reward contingency associated with six (three positive and three negative) arms of a radial maze. The only parameter which was varied between Experiment A and B, and also between the two successive stages within each experiment, was the way of presenting the arms to the mice, i.e. either in pairs (simultaneous discriminations) or one at a time (successive go : no-go discrimination). Performance in the first stage demonstrated that our aged mice were impaired in learning concurrent simultaneous discriminations but not successive go/no-go discrimination, thereby resembling that reported in rats with hippocampal damage. Most importantly, our present set of data supports the conclusion that two forms of memory expression for the same piece of acquired experience can be assessed in the same subjects by manipulating the way of presenting two arms that were previously experienced separately. These two forms of memory expressions are differentially affected in aged mice, thereby demonstrating the highly selective and specific deleterious effect of ageing.

Published
1999

38. Further evidence for a dissociation between different forms of mnemonic expressions in a mouse model of age-related cognitive decline: effects of tacrine and S 17092, a novel prolyl endopeptidase inhibitor.

Author

Marighetto, A, Touzani, K, Etchamendy, N, Torrea, C C, De Nanteuil, G, Guez, D, Jaffard, R, and Morain, P

Abstract

It has been demonstrated previously on the radial maze that the emergence of an age-related mnemonic impairment is critically dependent on the form which the discrimination problems took. Hence, when the arms were presented one by one (i.e., successive go-no-go discrimination), both adult and aged mice learned to distinguish between positive (baited) and negative (unbaited) arms readily, as evidenced by their increased readiness to enter positive relative to negative arms (i.e., by a differential in arm-entry latencies). A selective impairment in the aged mice was seen when these arms were presented subsequently as pairs, such that the mice were confronted with an explicit choice (i.e., simultaneous 2-choice discrimination). When discriminative performance was measured by the differential run speed between positive and negative arms, aged mice were also impaired. This was particularly pronounced in the 2-choice discrimination condition. We examined the effects of tacrine (3mg/kg, subcutaneously) or S 17092 (10mg/kg, orally) in aged mice on the three behavioral indices of this 2-stage spatial discrimination paradigm. The results indicated that: (1) Tacrine, but not S 17092, enhanced the acquisition of go-no-go discrimination as reflected in arm-entry latencies; (2) both drugs improved choice accuracy in simultaneous discrimination, although the effect of tacrine was less striking and, in particular, far from statistical significance in the very first 2-choice responses; and (3) neither drugs significantly affected run-speed performance. We conclude further that the specific patterns of drug effects on the three indices of discriminative performance might suggest that each index is associated with a distinct form of mnemonic expression relying on separate neural systems.

Published
2000

Catalog

Books, media, physical & digital resources
See catalog results