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Fathers' positive engagement (FPE) benefits children's development but some children receive greater FPE than others. Understanding why some fathers demonstrate greater FPE than others is critical to efforts to support FPE. However, studies of FPE often fail to account for the father's residential context and changes in interparental relationships and FPE that occur as the child develops. This study examined the effects of paternal identity (i.e., status-level/role-level centrality) and maternal gate opening on FPE in diverse residential contexts from early to middle childhood. Using longitudinal multilevel modeling, this study analyzed data from 2,339 families in the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study. Results demonstrated that maternal gate opening strengthened the association between paternal status-level centrality and FPE, especially, for fathers who were nonresident at childbirth. This protective effect did not change by child age. Furthermore, fathers who were resident at childbirth but nonresident in middle childhood increased in FPE over time. However, among fathers whose residential status shifted from nonresident to resident, those with low role-level centrality decreased in FPE over time. For fathers who were resident from birth to middle childhood, high maternal gate opening was associated with greater FPE, although this effect faded over time. Overall, these findings suggest the importance of both establishment of a strong paternal identity and maintenance of maternal support to promote long-term FPE. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

Supplementary Data from The Role of MET Activation in Determining the Sensitivity to Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors

The development of resistance to epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKI) seems almost inevitable, even in patients with lung cancer that initially respond well to EGFR-TKIs. MET amplification was recently found to be a mechanism of escape from the anticancer effect of EGFR inhibitors. In the present study, we investigated the means whereby MET affects sensitivity to EGFR-TKIs in PC-9 cells. Gefitinib- or erlotinib-resistant sublines were established by exposing the parental PC-9 cell line to chronic, repeated treatments with these drugs. These resistant sublines showed more than 100-fold more resistance to gefitinib and erlotinib and acquired cross-resistance to other EGFR-TKIs. The T790M EGFR mutation was found by pyrosequencing, and this seemed to be the cause of drug resistance. Resistant cells also showed MET activation, although gene amplification was not detected. Furthermore, the induction of MET activity was not found to be associated with sensitivity to EGFR-TKIs. Interestingly, increased passage number without exposure to gefitinib or erlotinib caused MET activation, but this did not affect sensitivity to EGFR-TKIs. In addition, hepatocyte growth factor was found to block the ability of EGFR-TKIs to inhibit MET activation. However, sustained MET activation by hepatocyte growth factor did not modulate the cellular effects of gefitinib or erlotinib. Rather, activated MET enhanced migration and invasion abilities. Summarizing, MET activation may be acquired during cancer cell proliferation and enhances migratory and invasive abilities without affecting cellular sensitivity to EGFR-TKIs. Accordingly, the present study suggests that MET activation caused by factors other than MET gene amplification is not a suitable surrogate marker of resistance to EGFR-TKIs. (Mol Cancer Res 2009;7(10):1736–43)

A paulownia wood has been widely used with various advantages as its low weight, permeability, convenient workability and aesthetic patterns for a long time. However, the related empirical researches and simultaneous evaluations of functionality are insufficient compared with acid-free archival boxes for now. In this study, the indoor and outdoor temperature and relative humidity control and heat release rate were evaluated under the controlled and uncontrolled circumstance in 2018. The paulownia wood storage box showed superior control effect of relative humidity than the acid-free archival box in constantly uncontrolled environment. Also, the possibility of the flame diffusion from the surface of the materials was higher for the paulownia materials, and the acid-free archival box showed more dangerous patterns in the early stages of the fire.

The expansion of personal information and data resources use is raising the need for many countries to respond. Moreover, the expansion of technologies and new technologies developed based on data resources is causing responses through legislation in each country. Through this process, the government and domestic actors share the burden of protecting data resources, which is implemented through the security governance structure. The United States and China are developing different security governance structures for personal data and data resources. In the United States, the burden of protecting personal data is shared primarily between the government and data processors. In China, the burden of protection of personal information and data resources is shared mainly between the government, data controllers, and individuals.

To quantify the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and public health interventions on parent and child mental health and family relationships, we examined change in individual and family functioning in a sample of parents enrolled in a prevention trial; we examined change before the pandemic (2017-2019) when children were an average of 7 years old to the first months after the imposition of widespread public health interventions in the United States (2020) with paired t tests and HLM models. We examined moderation by parent gender, education, family income, and coparenting conflict. We found large deteriorations from before the pandemic to the first months of the pandemic in child internalizing and externalizing problems and parent depression, and a moderate decline in coparenting quality. Smaller changes were found for parent anxiety and parenting quality. Mothers and families with lower levels of income were at particular risk for deterioration in well-being. Results indicate a need for widespread family support and intervention to prevent potential family "scarring," that is, prolonged, intertwined individual mental health and family relationship problems.Para cuantificar el efecto de la pandemia de la COVID-19 y de las intervenciones de salud pública en la salud mental de los padres y los niños y en las relaciones familiares, analizamos los cambios en el funcionamiento individual y familiar en una muestra de padres inscriptos en un ensayo de prevención; estudiamos el cambio antes de la pandemia (2017-2019) cuando los niños tenían un promedio de 7 años hasta los primeros meses después de la imposición de las intervenciones generalizadas de salud pública en los Estados Unidos (2020) con pruebas t apareadas y modelos lineales jerárquicos. Analizamos la moderación por género, educación, ingresos familiares y conflicto de cocrianza de los padres. Hallamos grandes deterioros desde antes de la pandemia hasta los primeros meses de la pandemia en problemas de interiorización y exteriorización de los niños y depresión de los padres, y una disminución moderada de la calidad de la cocrianza. También encontramos cambios más pequeños en la ansiedad de los padres y la calidad de la crianza. Las madres y las familias con niveles más bajos de ingresos estuvieron en riesgo particular de deterioro del bienestar. Los resultados indican la necesidad de apoyo familiar generalizado y de intervenciones para prevenir posibles «secuelas» familiares, p. ej.: salud mental individual interconectada y prolongada y problemas en las relaciones familiares.本文把COVID-19和公共健康干预措施对父母和儿童的心理健康以及对家庭关系的影响进行量化，对参加一项预防试验的人群样本进行了研究，主要关于这些受试父母的个体功能和家庭功能产生了哪些变化; 我们采用配对t检验和HLM模型，研究了新冠肺炎(2017-2019年)前的变化，即平均年龄为7岁的儿童至美国实施广泛公共健康干预措施(2020年)后的第一个月。我们通过父母性别、教育程度、家庭收入和养育子女的冲突来考察这些因素的调适作用。我们发现，儿童对很多问题以及父母的抑郁表现都进行内化和外化，从新冠肺炎流行发生前到新冠大流行的头几个月出现了严重恶化倾向，亲子教育的质量略有下降。父母的焦虑和培养孩子方面的质量也有较小的变化。收入水平较低的母亲和家庭的福祉尤其有恶化的风险。结果表明，需要给予广泛的家庭支持和干预，以防止潜在的家庭"伤疤"，即长期错综搅合在一起的个人心理健康和家庭关系问题。.

Friction welding was chosen for its versatility in the joining of dissimilar materials with high quality. The aim of this study is to determine the optimal welding conditions for attaining quality joints by using online monitoring of acoustic emission system signals. During friction welding, the formation of cracks, defects, or any abnormalities in the joining process which have a detrimental effect on the joints quality was identified. The most widely used materials in the aerospace industry—Inconel 718 and molybdenum steel—were joined by friction welding. The precision of the joints, internal defects, and quality are major concerns for aerospace parts. The results of the present research determined the optimal welding conditions for high tensile strength by nondestructively inducing acoustic emission signals. During friction time and upset time periods, the typical waveforms and frequency spectrum of the acoustic emission signals were recorded, and their energy level, average frequency, cumulative count, and amplitude were analyzed. Both cumulative count and amplitude were found to be useful parameters for deriving the optimal welding conditions. In the initial stage of friction welding, a very high voltage of continuous form was generated with frequency characteristics of 0.44 MHz and 0.54 MHz. The signals generated during the upset stage had a low voltage, but a very high frequency of 1.56 MHz and 1.74 MHz with a burst-type signal. The amplitude of the signal generated for the optimally welded joints was about 100 dB at the friction time and about 45 dB at the upset time.

Background: Germline mutations in CDH1 are associated with hereditary and early onset- diffuse gastric cancer. However, the frequency of CDH1 germline mutation in unselected gastric cancer cases is not well established. Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency and clinical characteristics of germline CDH1 V832M mutation carriers in unselected Korean gastric cancer cases. Methods: Direct sequencing was performed to determine the presence of CDH1 V832M in 305 unselected Korean gastric cancer patients. Lauren's histologic type, family history of gastric cancer, and age of cancer diagnosis were compared between V832M carriers and non-carriers. Results: In the study population, seven gastric cancer patients (7/305, 2.29%) were found to have the CDH1 V832M mutation. The CDH1 V832M mutation carrier state was not significantly associated with phenotypes including Lauren's histologic type, family history of gastric cancer, age of cancer diagnosis, and other cancer history in a patient. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that the germline CDH1 V832M mutation is common in sporadic, late onset, and intestinal type gastric cancer as well as familial, early onset, and diffuse type gastric cancer. Our finding suggests that guidelines for managing CDH1 mutation carriers should be refined through additional data on penetration according to CDH1 mutation type in sporadic cases.

The postpartum period is a key life stage, contributing to increased maternal obesity risk. Current lifestyle interventions do not consider the role of a woman's partner in reducing stress and supporting lifestyle change. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of an intervention that seeks to enhance coparenting relationship quality on maternal BMI from before conception to 12 months post partum and whether the intervention moderated the association of changes in cortisol and BMI.A randomized controlled trial was used to assess an intervention (eight classes: four during and four following pregnancy) focusing on enhancing couple coparenting relationships during pregnancy and post partum (n = 57) compared with standard care (n = 53).The main outcome measures were changes in maternal BMI and cortisol. There was a smaller increase in BMI for mothers in intervention compared with control groups (mean [SE], -1.03 [0.42] kg/mA coparenting intervention improved maternal postpartum BMI, with this effect potentially related to ameliorating the negative effect of stress, as measured by cortisol, on BMI. The role of enhanced coparenting in improving maternal anthropometry warrants urgent attention.

As the COVID-19 pandemic has been highly stressful for parents and children, it is clear that strategies that promote long-term family resilience are needed to protect families in future crises. One such strategy, the Family Foundations program, is focused on promoting supportive coparenting at the transition to parenthood. In a randomized trial, we tested the long-term intervention effects of Family Foundations on parent, child, and family well-being one to two months after the imposition of a national shelter-in-place public health intervention in 2020. We used regression models to test intervention impact on outcomes reported on by parents in a standard questionnaire format and a series of 8 days of daily reports. We also tested moderation of intervention impact by parent depression and coparenting relationship quality. Relative to control families, intervention families demonstrated significantly lower levels of individual and family problems (general parent hostility, harsh and aggressive parenting, coparenting conflict, sibling relationship conflict, and children's negative mood and behavior problems), and higher levels of positive family relationship quality (positive parenting, couple relationship quality, sibling relations, and family cohesion). For some outcomes, including coparenting conflict, harsh parenting, and child behavior problems, intervention effects were larger for more vulnerable families-that is, families with higher pre-pandemic levels of parent depression or lower levels of coparenting relationship quality. We conclude that targeted family prevention programming is able to promote healthy parent and child functioning during unforeseen future periods of acute stress. The long-term benefits of a universal approach to family support at the transition to parenthood indicate the need for greater investment in the dissemination of effective approaches.Dado que la pandemia de COVID-19 ha sido muy estresante para padres e hijos, está claro que se necesitan estrategias que promuevan la resiliencia familiar a largo plazo para proteger a las familias en crisis futuras. Una de esas estrategias, el programa Family Foundations, se centra en promover la crianza compartida de apoyo en la transición a la paternidad. En un ensayo aleatorizado, probamos los efectos de la intervención a largo plazo de Family Foundations en el bienestar de los padres, el niño y la familia uno o dos meses después de la imposición de una intervención nacional de salud pública de refugio en el lugar en 2020. Usamos modelos de regresión para evaluar el impacto de la intervención en los resultados informados por los padres en un formato de cuestionario estándar y una serie de 8 días de informes diarios. También probamos la moderación del impacto de la intervención por la depresión de los padres y la calidad de la relación de coparentalidad. En relación con las familias de control, las familias de intervención demostraron niveles significativamente más bajos de problemas individuales y familiares (hostilidad general de los padres, crianza dura y agresiva, conflicto de crianza conjunta, conflicto de relaciones entre hermanos y problemas de comportamiento y estado de ánimo negativos de los niños) y niveles más altos de calidad de relación familiar positiva (crianza positiva, calidad de la relación de pareja, relaciones entre hermanos y cohesión familiar). Para algunos resultados, incluido el conflicto de crianza compartida, la crianza severa y los problemas de comportamiento infantil, los efectos de la intervención fueron mayores para las familias más vulnerables, es decir, familias con niveles más altos de depresión de los padres prepandémicos o niveles más bajos de calidad de la relación de crianza compartida. Concluimos que los programas de prevención familiar específicos pueden promover el funcionamiento saludable de padres e hijos durante períodos futuros imprevistos de estrés agudo. Los beneficios a largo plazo de un enfoque universal del apoyo familiar en la transición a la paternidad indican la necesidad de una mayor inversión en la difusión de enfoques eficaces.新冠大流行病给父母和儿童带来了巨大的压力。增强家庭未来的抗逆力将帮助家庭更好地应对未来 的危机。一种提高家庭抗逆力的方式是通过“家庭建设”项目。“家庭建设”项目着重于在向父母身份 过渡的阶段促进支持型父母共同养育。在一项随机对照试验中, 我们测试了“家庭建设”项目在2020 年美国全国性的公共卫生干预措施居家隔离实施的一到两个月后对父母、儿童和家庭健康的长期干 预效果。通过使用回归模型和父母提供的8天的问卷调查数据, 我们测试了“家庭建设”项目的长期干 预效果。我们还测试了父母抑郁程度和共育关系质量对干预效果的调节作用。相对于对照组家庭, 干预组家庭的个人和家庭问题 (父母的敌意、严厉和攻击性的养育方式、共同养育的冲突、兄弟姐 妹之间的冲突、以及儿童的负面情绪和行为问题) 水平明显较低, 而积极的家庭关系质量 (积极的 养育方式、夫妻关系、兄弟姐妹关系、以及家庭凝聚力) 水平较高。对于一些结果变量, 包括共同 养育的冲突、严厉的养育方式和儿童行为问题, 干预效果对于更脆弱的家庭- 即大流行前父母抑郁 2 程度水平较高或共同养育关系质量水平较低的家庭--更大。我们的结论是, 有针对性的家庭预防项 目能够在未来不可预见的急性压力时期促进父母和儿童的健康。 在向父母身份过渡的阶段提供普遍 性干预的家庭支持所带来的长期好处表明, 我们应该为推广此类有效方法投入更多。.

Background: While postpartum is a key life-stage contributing to increased obesity risk for women, existing weight management interventions don’t consider the role of a women’s partner in reducing stress and supporting lifestyle change. Objectives: 1) To assess the effect of an intervention enhancing coparenting relationship quality on maternal body mass index (BMI) from preconception to 12-months postpartum and 2) if intervention status moderated the association of change in cortisol with change in BMI. Subjects/Methods: A randomized controlled trial assessing enhancing coparenting relationships in couples during pregnancy and postpartum (n=57) compared to standard care (n=53) from 2003-6. Heterosexual couples (n=110) were recruited during pregnancy expecting their first child, ≥18 years old and living together. The intervention was Family Foundations, consisting of 8 classes for couples at transition to parenthood focused on enhancing coparenting (4 during and 4 following pregnancy).Results: The main outcome measure was change in maternal BMI and change in cortisol.There was less increase in BMI for mothers in the intervention compared to the control group (-1.03±0.42 kg/m2, p=0.015). There was an interaction between intervention status and cortisol change predicting BMI change (p=0.026) such that cortisol change significantly predicted BMI change among mothers in the control group (p=0.049) but not the intervention group (p=0.204). Conclusion: A coparenting intervention improved maternal postpartum BMI with this effect potentially related to interventions ameliorating the negative effect of stress, as measured by cortisol, on BMI. The role of enhanced coparenting in improving maternal anthropometry and reduced future obesity risk in women warrants urgent attention.