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Candida spp. are well known for their impact on our life as opportunistic pathogens and can produce secondary metabolites, which are an interesting source of high-value chemicals and are often diffi cult to synthesize chemically. Some of these metabolites are already being used as active antimicrobials or pharmaceuticals. GC-MS analysis of chemical compounds was conducted in ethyl acetate of fi ve Candida species (C. parapsilosis, C. albicans, C. krusei, C. glabrata and C. kefyr). The results showed that about 249 chemical compounds were detected from all tested Candida species. Fifteen bioactive compounds identifi ed in secondary metabolites of all tested species. Benzene, pentamethyl, n-hexadecanoic acid, 1-docosene and bis(2-ethylhexyl) produced by C. parapsilosis, C. albicans, C. krusei and C. glabrata. All tested Candida except C. krusei produced 3buten- 1-ol and ethyl acetoacetate ethylene acetal. Benzen, 2-ethenyl-1,3-dimethyl- a compound found in four tested Candida except C. albicans, benezene, (1-ethyl-1-propenyl)- produced by all species except C. glabrata, acetic acid, cyclohexyl ester produced by C. parapsilosis, C. albicans and C. glabrata.

To date, it remains unclear whether recent changes in the management of patients with systemic sclerosis-associated pulmonary hypertension (SSc-PH) have improved survival.To describe a cohort of SSc-PH patients and compare their characteristics and survival between the last two decades.SSc-PH patients prospectively enrolled in the Johns Hopkins PH Center Registry were grouped into two cohorts based on the date of diagnostic right heart catheterization: cohort A included patients diagnosed between 1999 and 2010, and cohort B included those diagnosed between 2010 and 2021. Patients' characteristics were compared between the two cohorts.Of 504 SSc-PH patients distributed almost equally between the two cohorts, 308 (61%) had World Symposium on Pulmonary Hypertension (WSPH) Group 1, 43 (9%) had Group 2, and 151 (30%) had Group 3. Patients with Group 1 disease in cohort B had significantly better clinical and hemodynamic characteristics at diagnosis, were more likely to receive upfront combination pulmonary arterial hypertension therapy, and had a nearly 4-year increase in median transplant-free survival in univariable analysis compared to those in cohort A (P0.01). Improved transplant-free survival was still observed after adjusting for patients' baseline characteristics. In contrast, for Group 2 or 3 SSc-PH patients, there were no differences in baseline clinical, hemodynamic, or survival characteristics between the two cohorts.This is the largest single-center study that compares clinical characteristics of SSc-PH patients between the last two decades. Transplant-free survival has improved significantly for those with Group 1 disease over the last decade, possibly secondary to earlier detection and better therapeutic management. Conversely, those with Group 2 or 3 disease continue to have dismal prognosis.

Rice is the most important cereal crop that plays a multifarious role in the agricultural economy of Pakistan along with its utilization as second staple crop after wheat. The production capacity of varieties in all crops mainly depend on optimized seed rate. We carried out this study at Rice Program NARC during the kharif 2021 to find out the optimal seed rate of most cultivated varieties of fine (Super Basmati) and coarse rice (IR-6) in Pakistan by using direct seeded rice (DSR) drill sowing method with four varied seed rates i.e 11kg, 9kg, 7kg and 5kg/acre. Paddy yield depended on different yield related attributes i.e plant height, total number of plants/m2, total tillers/m2, number of productive tillers/m2, panicle length, number of grains/m2 and yield. Our results indicated that maximum grain yield was obtained at seed rate 11kg (3149.915 kg/acre and 1598.565kg/acre) in IR-6 and Super basmati respectively. Lowest yield was observed at 5kg seed rate (2239.34kg/acre and 836.38kg/acre) in IR-6 and Super Basmati. Based on these findings, it is concluded that using optimal seeding rate of 11kg/acre for direct seeded fine and coarse rice cultivars is beneficial in terms of productive tillers and higher yield.

The present study was aimed to isolate the abundant Staphylococcus aureus produce asparaginase and evaluate the efficacy of purified L-ASNase against a breast cancer cell line. From one hundred local isolates of S. aureus which subjected to the primary screening processes for asparaginase production, thirty-seven isolates with maximum ability of hydrolysis zone in primary screening (the ratio of Z more than 10 mm) were selected for secondary screening. It has been indicated that S. aureus TG98 had the highest productivity of the enzyme (255.8 U/mg protein). The highest producing-isolate was identified according to vitek test. The optimal conditions for ASNase production by the selected isolate was performed using submerged fermentation, where the medium (5) was utilized as the best medium for production, lactose as the best carbon source, NH4Cl as the best nitrogen source, pH 8 at 37 °C after 24 hr of incubation period, the specific activity was reached to 496.99 U/mg. The enzyme was purified by gel filtration chromatography utilizing Sephadex G-150. The results indicated that there is an elevating in final purification folds 2 time with 103% yield of enzyme. Also, it was exhibited maximal activity and stability at pH 8.0. Also it was active and stable at 37°C.The highest rate of enzyme specificity found with asparagine. The breast tumor cells proliferation was significantly suppressed by the cytotoxic effect of L-ASNase comparison with normal cell line (WRL-68).

Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) caused by Candida spp. is a serious health that primarily affects women of childbearing age, accounting for 15–25 % of vaginitis patients. There have been few studies on the VVC in Maysan province/Iraq. Thus, the aim of this study was the phylogenetic and molecular identification of Candida spp. Isolated from women with VVC in Maysan/Iraq. A total of 100 samples were taken from women of reproductive age attending the Maysan Maternity Hospital. The cultures were positive for 45 (45%) and six Candida species, including; Candida albicans (44.4%), Candida glabrata (17.8%), Candida dubliniensis (15.6%), Candida parapsilosis (11.1), Candida krusei (6.7%) and Candida Kefyr (4.4%). The colors of colonies of tested Candida on CHROMagar Candida confirmed our isolates. C. albicans and Candida dubliniensis showed capability to form chlamydospores and germ tubes and grow in the presence of cycloheximide. C. dubliniensis and C. parapsilosis showed no growth at 45°C. The majority of tested Candida species revealed 9%-100% identity with many reference strains in GenBank.

Stratospheric temperature changes are very important for climate systems through atmospheric circulation and stratosphere-troposphere coupling. The relationship between solar modulation potential SMP as a measure of solar activity and variation of temperature in upper, middle and lower stratosphere over Iraq for the period 1948-2014 (for about five solar cycles) has been presented in this study. For upper, middle and lower stratosphere we found that stratospheric temperatures decreased, this descending trend is offset by obviously descending trend in solar activity for the same period. The correlation coefficients between annual solar modulation potential SMP and stratospheric temperature have been examined at pressure levels (10,20,30,50,70 mb) that represent the upper, middle and lower stratosphere over 67 years (1948 to 2014). All levels have positive correlation. The correlation coefficient (R) in upper stratosphere at level 10 mb has been 0.4, in middle stratosphere at level (20, 30 mb) the correlation coefficient (R) has been 5.3 and 0.6 respectively. For lower stratosphere at level (50, 70 mb) R has been 0.57 and 0.68 respectively.

Construction of shallow foundations on weak cohesive soils have limited load-bearing capacity and excessive vertical displacement. This may cause structural damage and reduce the structure’s durability. Traditionally, weak cohesive soils are excavated and replaced with another stronger material layer, or the foundation is enlarged. These procedures are costly and time-consuming. However, these soils are also difficult to stabilize due to their low permeability and slow consolidation. Therefore, it has become necessary to use geosynthetic material. In this study, a square footing model with an eccentric load was tested in geogrid-reinforced clay. The adopted load eccentricity ratios were 0.05 to 0.1, 0.16, and 0.25. Twenty-one tests were executed to estimate the reinforcement influence and eccentricity on the ultimate bearing capacity (UBC). The geogrid improved the BC by 2.27 and 2.12 times compared to unreinforced soil for centrical and eccentrical loads, respectively. The best first layer ratio and the best number of reinforcements were found to be 0.35 and 4. A new equation for BCR with knowing the number of reinforcing layers was proposed and compared with other studies’ outcomes. It was concluded that the foundation tilts in a linear relationship with eccentricity, with a smaller rate inside the core than outside.

The present study was carried out to assess the potential radiation hazards to the public, especially the persons who consumed onion and garlic plants widely during coronavirus disease in Thi Qar province South of Iraq. Nine samples collected from the market (5 samples onion and 4 sample Garlic), which classified according to their origin. Using 3″x3″ NaI (Tl) gamma ray spectroscopy system, the radioactivity concentrations of the natural radionuclides radium-226, thorium-232 and potassium-40 were determined. The results obtained showed that the average concentration of radioactivity of radium-226, thorium-232 and potassium-40 is 3.398 Bqkg−1, 4.667 Bqkg−1 and 216.738 Bqkg−1, respectively, for onion and 2.808 Bqkg−1, 3.524 Bqkg−1, and 172.064 Bqkg−1 for garlic. The results also showed that the average annual total effective dose of the three nuclides is 122.955 μSv.y-1 for onion and 97.231 μSv.y-1for garlic. Other relevant risk parameters were also calculated, such as equivalent activity concentrations, absorbed dose, excess lifetime cancer risks, and other health risk parameters. One of the most important conclusions reached by this study is that the natural radioactive elements in onions and garlic do not pose a great danger to their consumers, especially those infected with the COVID-19. Because the concentrations of these radioactive elements do not exceed the permissible limits recommended by recognized scientific organizations and agencies such as International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP), United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR), and World Health Organization (WHO).

https://jilindaxuexuebao.net/details.php?id=DOI:10.17605/OSF.IO/SVZ73

Background: Coronaviruses (COV) are a large family of viruses that cause infections ranging from the common cold to more serious diseases. Mild to severe respiratory illnesses have been linked to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which has been classified as a pandemic disease by the World Health Organization. It has been demonstrated that the severity of COVID-19 is highly positively linked with hypocalcemia. Furthermore, calcium imbalances among other electrolytes are linked to the prognosis of COVID-19. Objectives: This study demonstrates a connection between serum calcium levels and COVID-19 as biomedical indicators of COVID-19 infections in Sulaymaniyah city, Iraq. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at Baxshin Hospital for about two months from February 2022 to April 2022. The work was conducted with a total of 40 patients including 22 males and 18 females. The patients’ ages ranged from 22 to 80 years old. By analyzing a sample from a nasopharyngeal swab and performing real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), all of the patients tested positive as having COVID-19 infection. Serum calcium was determined from the blood samples of the patients in order to evaluate their serum calcium levels. The statistical package for social science (SPSS) was utilized to examine the obtained data. Results: The study revealed a level of calcium between 6.10 and 9.86 mg/dL in male and female patients. The majority of the female patients (61%) displayed low levels of serum calcium, and 33% of the males had a low level of calcium. It can be seen that the highest rate of male patients (66.6%) exhibited a normal level of serum calcium, while 33.3% showed decreased serum calcium. Based on gender and age groups, a statistically significant difference in calcium levels was observed. Conclusions: This study discovered that infection with COVID-19 has some significant laboratory abnormalities, including hypocalcemia, showing that serum calcium might be employed as a prognostic marker in the clinic.

The current work was done to determine the correlation between vitamin D and cystatin C as a predictor of kidney disease in males with diabetes mellitus. A total of 60 males were taken from October to December 2018. They were divided into 30 patients with type 2 diabetes and 30 healthy volunteers' as a control group. Glycated hemoglobin HbA1c, plasma glucose level, creatinine and urea were measured for all subjects. Also, levels of 25(OH) D and cystatin-c were determined using the enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay method. In this current study, as expected, patients with diabetes mellitus had significantly higher (p< 0.001) fasting blood glucose (FBG), body mass index (BMI), and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels as compared to the age-matched controls group. In addition, a significantly higher increase in the average level of urea, creatinine, and cystatin-c while significant higher decreases in vitamin D concentration compared to the patients group with the control group were found. A significant negative correlation was found between 25(OH) D and urea levels. On the other hand, a significant positive correlation was observed between the 25(OH) D level and HbA1c, FBG, cystatin-c and creatinine. From the results of this work, vitamin D could be a valuable predictor of nephropathy in males with diabetes mellitus. Likewise, further work is required to suggest that vitamin D may be prone to nephropathy in all patients with diabetes mellitus by estimating cystatin C as a clinical risk for kidney function. Keywords: Nephropathy, cystatin C, vitamin D.

Hand gesture recognition is one of communication in which used bodily behavior to transmit several messages. This paper aims to detect hand gestures with the mobile device camera and create a customize dataset that used in deep learning model training to recognize hand gestures. The real-time approach was used for all these objectives: the first step is hand area detection; the second step is hand area storing in a dataset form to use in the future for model training. A framework for human contact was put in place by studying pictures recorded by the camera. It was converted the RGB color space image to the greyscale, the blurring method is used for object noise removing efficaciously. To highlight the edges and curves of the hand, the thresholding method is used. And subtraction of complex background is applied to detect moving objects from a static camera. The objectives of the paper were reliable and favorable which helps deaf and dumb people interact with the environment through the sign language fully approved to extract hand movements. Python language as a programming manner to discover hand gestures. This work has an efficient hand gesture detection process to address the problem of framing from real-time video.

Rationale Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is associated with significant perioperative morbidity and mortality. We hypothesised that pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) composite risk assessment scores could estimate perioperative risk for PH patients when adjusted for inherent procedural risk. Methods We identified patients in the Johns Hopkins PH Center Registry that had noncardiac surgery (including endoscopies) between September 2015 and January 2020. We collected information on preoperative patient-level and procedural variables and used logistic regression to evaluate associations with a composite outcome of death within 30 days or serious postoperative complication. We generated composite patient-level risk assessment scores for each subject and used logistic regression to estimate the association with adverse surgical outcomes. We adjusted multivariable models for inherent procedural risk of major cardiovascular events and used these models to generate a numerical PH perioperative risk (PHPR) score. Results Among 150 subjects, 19 (12.7%) reached the primary outcome, including 7 deaths (4.7%). Individual patient-level and procedural variables were associated with the primary outcome (all p10%) risk of reaching the primary outcome. Conclusion Composite PAH risk assessment scores can predict perioperative risk for PH patients after accounting for inherent procedural risk. Validation of the PHPR score in a multicentre, prospective cohort is warranted., For patients with pulmonary hypertension undergoing noncardiac surgery, perioperative risk can be estimated using a model that combines inherent procedural risk with composite PAH risk assessment scores https://bit.ly/3uTCibP

Chemical bath deposition (CBD) was used to prepare titanium dioxide (TiO2) thin films on glass substrates. The TiO2 thin films were created, and the Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) images showed that they developed as nanoflowers and tiny semi-nanoplate bundles that grew vertically onto the surface of the substrates with uniform distribution. The nanoplate ranges in length from 26 to 149 nm and the average thickness was between 13 and 228 nm. The prepared TiO2 nanoflower thin films have an energy band gap of 3.26 eV, according to optical characteristics. Using various pH values and UV light exposure durations, the photocatalytic activity of the produced TiO2 nanoflower thin films was examined against the methylene blue (MB) dye at room temperature.When irradiation duration and pH were increased, the photodegradation rate of MB dye also increased. After 240 minutes of exposure, the photodegradation rate of MB dye with pH values of 6, 8, 9, 10, and 11 was 51%, 64%, 79%, and 82%, respectively. The kinetic rate constant for photocatalytic degradation of MB dye was determined to be 0.0069, 0.0061, 0.0038, and 0.0028 min− 1 for pH values of 11, 9, 8, and 6, respectively.

One of the main factors that assist to increase the growth of any country is Agriculture. The detection of diseases from plant leaf images is one of the most important fields of agricultural research. To identify disease factors, this field requires a reliable prediction approach. Data Mining (DM) is the process of analyzing data from different aspects and summarizing it into valuable information. It helps users to categorize and identify relationships between data from various dimensions. As there are many plants on the farm, detecting and classifying the diseases of each plant on the farm is extremely difficult for the human eye. And diagnosing each plant is very critical since these diseases may spread. DM classification is an important method that has a wide range of applications. It classifies each item in a set of data into one of a set of predefined classes. In this paper, a comparison of different DM classification methods such as Naive Bayes, Decision trees, SVM, and Random Forest algorithms has been illustrated by using of Weka Tool.

Automation frees workers from excessive human involvement to promote ease of use while still reducing their input of labor. There are about 2 billion people on Earth who live in cities, which means about half of the human population lives in an urban environment. This number is rising which places great problems for a greater number of people, increased traffic, increased noise, increased energy consumption, increased water use, and land pollution, and waste. Thus, the issue of security, coupled with sustainability, is expected to be addressed in cities that use their brain. One of the most often used methodologies for creating a smart city is the Internet of Things (IoT). IoT connectivity is understood to be the very heart of the city of what makes a smart city. such as sensor networks, wearables, mobile apps, and smart grids that have been developed to harness the city's most innovative connectivity technology to provide services and better control its citizens The focus of this research is to clarify and showcase ways in which IoT technology can be used in infrastructure projects for enhancing both productivity and responsiveness.

In the present work, boron nitride (BN) nanosheets were prepared through bulk BN liquid phase exfoliation while various wt. ratios (2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10) of bismuth (Bi) were incorporated as dopant using hydrothermal technique. Our findings exhibit that the optical investigation showed absorption spectra in near UV region. Density functional theory calculations indicate that Bi doping has led to various modifications in the electronic structures of BN nanosheet by inducing new localized gap states around the Fermi level. It was found that bandgap energy decrease with the increase of Bi dopant concentrations. Therefore, in analysis of the calculated absorption spectra, a redshift has been observed in the absorption edges, which is consistent with the experimental observation. Additionally, host and Bi-doped BN nanosheets were assessed for their catalytic and antibacterial potential. Catalytic activity of doped free and doped BN nanosheets was evaluated by assessing their performance in dye reduction/degradation process. Bactericidal activity of Bi-doped BN nanosheets resulted in enhanced efficiency measured at 0–33.8% and 43.4–60% against S. aureus and 0–38.8% and 50.5–85.8% against E. coli, respectively. Furthermore, In silico molecular docking predictions were in good agreement with in-vitro bactericidal activity. Bi-doped BN nanosheets showed good binding score against DHFR of E. coli (− 11.971 kcal/mol) and S. aureus (− 8.526 kcal/mol) while binding score for DNA gyrase from E. coli (− 6.782 kcal/mol) and S. aureus (− 7.819 kcal/mol) suggested these selected enzymes as possible target.

High glucose levels in patients with diabetes are associated with increased plasma levels of soluble adhesion molecules. They could explain that the patients with diabetes mellitus will require the development of premature atherosclerosis related to hyperglycemia or hyperinsulinemia and that it not only affects vascular endothelium but also contributes to the development of microvascular complications. This study aimed to evaluate the serum concentration of VCAM-1 in type 1 diabetes mellitus patients with and without cardiovascular disease. Also, investigation the association of insulin levels, duration of diabetes, and HbA1C with VCAM-1. Include in this study a total of 60 types 1 diabetic patient. According to characteristic laboratory investigations and electrocardiogram (ECG), they were subdivided into two groups (G1) 30 T1DM patients without cardiovascular disease and (G2) 30 T1DM patients with cardiovascular disease in addition to 30 healthy subjects as a control group (G3). All subjects measured the levels of fasting blood glucose FBG, glycated hemoglobin HbA1c, and insulin levels, and VCAM-1 were also determined by ELISA technique. This study shows a highly significant difference in the average diabetic profile between G1 and G2 compared to the control group and found that VCAM-1 level was significantly higher among diabetic patients than the control group. Also, there was a significant negative correlation of VCAM-1 with the levels of FBG, HbA1c in diabetic patients G1 and G2. While insulin had a positive correlation in G1 but correlated negatively in G2

Background: Given the morbidity and mortality associated with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), risk stratification approaches that guide therapeutic management have been previously employed. However, most patients remain in the intermediate-risk category despite initial therapy. Herein, we sought to determine whether echocardiographic parameters could improve the risk stratification of intermediate-risk patients. Methods: Prevalent PAH patients previously enrolled in observational studies at 3 pulmonary hypertension centers were included in this study. A validated PAH risk stratification approach was used to stratify patients into low-, intermediate-, and high-risk groups. Right ventricular echocardiographic parameters were used to further stratify intermediate-risk patients into intermediate-low- and intermediate-high-risk groups based on transplant-free survival. Results: From a total of 146 patients included in our study, 38 patients died over a median follow-up of 2.5 years. Patients with intermediate-/high-risk had worse echocardiographic parameters. Tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) and the degree of tricuspid regurgitation (TR) were highly associated with survival (p < 0.01, p = 0.04, respectively) and were subsequently used to further stratify intermediate-risk patients. Among intermediate-risk patients, survival was worse for patients with TAPSE < 19 mm compared to those with TAPSE ≥ 19 mm (estimated one-year survival 74% vs. 96%, p < 0.01) and for patients with moderate/severe TR compared to those with no/trace/mild TR (estimated one-year survival 70% vs. 93%, p < 0.01). Furthermore, among intermediate-risk patients, those with both TAPSE < 19 mm and moderate/severe TR had an estimated one-year survival (56%) similar to that of high-risk patients (56%), and those with both TAPSE ≥ 19 mm and no/trace/mild TR had an estimated one-year survival (97%) similar to that of low-risk patients (95%). Conclusions: Echocardiography, a routinely performed, non-invasive imaging modality, plays a pivotal role in discriminating distinct survival phenotypes among prevalent intermediate-risk PAH patients using TAPSE and degree of TR. This can potentially help guide subsequent therapy.

The dielectric properties of epoxy/palm oil fiber composites at different concentrations 1,3,5, and 10% by weight, and frequency ranging from 100 Hz to 1000kHz.Epoxy, zinc oxide and oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB)fiber composites were prepared by hand –lay up into sheets. The effects of incorporated fibers on the electrical conductivity and thermal conductivity of the composites were investigated. The electrical conductivity of the composites decreased with increasing OPEFB fiber content. Despite the slight decrease in conductivity, the composites still sufficiently conductive relatively to applications such as sensors after the fiber addition, the thermal conductivity increased to 0.41 W/m.k which was observed with the addition of 10% OPEFB fiber composites, and increased for hybridization of oil palm EFB with zinc oxide allows an increased in thermal conductivity of oil palm composites and their dielectric constant and dispersion factor increases with frequency. AC breakdown strength increased and then decreased as a mass fraction of Zinc oxide increase.

Congestion control plays an essential role on the internet to manage overload, which affects data transmission performance. The random early detection (RED) algorithm belongs to active queue management (AQM), which is used to manage internet traffic. The RED is used to eliminate weakness in default control of the transport control protocol (TCP) drop-tail mechanism. The drawback of RED is parameter tuning, while adaptive RED (ARED) automatically adjusts these parameters. In this study, the suggested algorithm, the Markov decision process RED (MDPRED) uses the Markov decision process (MDP) to suitably adapt values for queue weight in the RED algorithm based on average queue length to enhance the performance of the traditional RED. This study is conducted based on fluctuations among the rate of service, the queuing weight, and the mean queue length by using open-source network simulator NS3. The study shows efficient results by fluctuating end-to-end packet throughput and fast response to the inception of congestion in the network. The modified algorithm achieves a low level of loss packets by evaluating the results with the default RED algorithm and ARED, which is done by increasing the algorithm’s response when the average queue size becomes close to the maximum queue length threshold.

Congestion control plays an essential role on the internet to manage overload, which affects data transmission performance. The random early detection (RED) algorithm belongs to active queue management (AQM), which is used to manage internet traffic. The RED is used to eliminate weakness in default control of the Transport Control Protocol (TCP) drop-tail mechanism. The drawback of RED is parameter tuning, while adaptive RED (ARED) automatically adjusts these parameters. In this study, the suggested algorithm, the Markov decision process RED (MDPRED) uses the Markov decision process (MDP) to suitably adapt values for queue weight in the RED algorithm based on average queue length to enhance the performance of the traditional RED during TCP Slow Startup phase. This study is conducted based on fluctuations among the rate of service, queuing weight, and the mean queue length by using open-source network simulator NS3. The study shows efficient results by fluctuating end-to-end packet throughput and fast response to the inception of congestion in the network. The modified algorithm achieves a low level of drop packets by evaluating the results with other five algorithms, which is done by increasing the algorithm's response when the average queue size becomes close to the maximum queue length threshold.

Trichomonas fetus. lives on the surface .of the penis and. prepuce of the. bull and in the. reproductive tract of .the cow . Bovine .trichomoniasis is a venereal. disease of cattle. caused by the. protozoan Trichomonas. fetus . Samples: In our study 100 samples were collected from penal bulls which send to the slaughter house , the samples were collected randomly from mature bulls before slaughtering. For diagnosis of trichomoniases we made the direct method (using slise smear). The result show that there are (2) positive samples of trichomonas Fetus found in preputial fluid of bulls penis , this indicate that bulls have trichomoniases because of the disease represent as sexually transmitted disease.

Boron nitride (BN) nanosheets were prepared by chemical exfoliation method and incorporation of Cu as a dopant was achieved using hydrothermal route. Hexagonal phase of BN (h-BN) was detected using x-ray difractometer (XRD). Functional group analysis with fourier transform infrared spectroscope (FTIR) was employed to identify the chemicals used in the process, which was then further confirmed with energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS) coupled with FESEM. Optical analysis undertaken with UV–vis. spectroscopy indicated absorption at UV region. Raman spectroscopy was used to acquire molecular fingerprints of BN molecules. Photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy was carried out to study the exciton behaviour of samples in order to elucidate the electron migration and transfer rate. Field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) and high resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM) were employed to examine the morphology and structure of materials. The experimental results indicate that Cu-doped BN nanosheets possess excellent catalytic potential and superior antibacterial activity.

Quantum chemistry calculations were performed using density functional theory (DFT) to evaluate electronic and sensing properties in the presence and absence of gas molecules HF and H2O of pristine and dope carbon nanotubes (CNTs) zigzag (6, 0), and CNTs doped with gallium and zinc, which have a significant effect on improving the sensing properties. The results appear that the gas molecules (HF and H2O) show weak physisorption on ZnGa-doping CNT with adsorption energy (Ead) ranging from –0.95 to ‒0.21 eV, while a powerful chemisorption molecule on pristine CNT ranging from 0.05 to 0.4 eV. Where we note that the total energy of the cases above increased dramatically at add dopants and with adsorption of gas molecules with total energy (Etotal) ranging from –103 461 to –0.49651 eV. Through our results, we can recommend the use of ZnGa-doped CNT as a gas chemical sensor.

A new era in the development of advanced functional materials was partly sparked by the discovery of 2D materials. In this respect, graphene is believed to have marked the origin of 2D materials. The ability to fabricate a vast majority of such advanced nanomaterials hinges upon the strength of interplanar interactions realized in their respective bulk counterparts. The present study undertakes the comparative analysis of oft-explored 2D materials such as Dirac 2D materials (GO, rGO), TMDCs (MoS2) and 2D insulators (BN) in the context of their structural, optical, thermal and morphological parameters. Despite implementing several methodologies including a combination of physical, chemical and biological techniques, aquatic and microbial pollution remains a challenge to this day. More recently, nanomaterials have attracted considerable attention as these are believed to hold an extraordinary prospective for utilization toward environmental remediation. Among several probable candidates, 2D materials hold immense appeal due to its useful properties including high absorptivity and large surface area, which enable them to be employed for multifaceted applications. In the present study, a wide range of experimental results extracted from numerous characterization techniques (i.e., XRD, UV–Vis, FTIR, HR-TEM, XPS, DSC-TGA, and Raman) is included. For instance, optical data obtained from these materials point toward a narrow bandgap, while HR-TEM images show large surface area, which suggests that these materials hold promising prospect for use in applications that require strong catalytic activity. Further experimental results indicate that photocatalytic and sonophotocatalytic potential is significantly enhanced by 2D materials. In this respect, rGO showed 60% degradation of synthetic pollutant in 100 min and MoS2 realized 55% degradation during the same duration. The present study suggests that rGO may be used as a superior photocatalyst in wastewater treatment and related environmental applications. Moreover, the sonophotocatalytic behavior exhibited by these materials showed consistently higher efficiency compared to the respective individual processes which is attributed to the formation of larger amounts of electron–hole pairs.

In this study, boron nitride nanosheets (BN–NS) were prepared through exfoliation of bulk BN powder and efficacious incorporation of Ni (dopant material) was achieved using hydrothermal methodology. Hexagonal phase of BN (h-BN) was detected using x-ray difractometer (XRD). The presence of used chemicals was identified by functional group analysis through fourier transform infrared spectroscope (FTIR), which indicated strong vibrations for B–N and B–N–B. Optical examination carried out through absorption spectra extracted from UV–vis. spectroscopy point out absorption at deep UV state. Raman spectra were obtained to affirm structural molecular fingerprints of BN. Excitons behavior was studied using photoluminescence (PL) spectroscope. Scanning (SEM) and transmission electron microscopes (TEM) were used to investigate morphological and microstructural features while interlayer spacing was evaluated using HRTEM micrographs. Purity of the obtained product was studied by means of EDS analysis. Catalytic activity was undertaken to inspect dye degradation which was evaluated spectrophotometrically. This study provides experimental validation to the use of two-dimensional materials, especially BN–NS, for rapid and enhanced degradation of dyes.

This work seeks to prove that one instance of text disconnect in English-Arabic translation is the outcome of the intervening gap between the translated text opening and its remaining parts. This, in turn, is attributed to the work of four interrelated factors: text structure, connectivity, word choice and sentential reordering. Accordingly, a linguistically inclusive and balanced approach has been designed to deal with this problem. In addition, it is undeniable that other components of the text jointly could help solve the problem in question. After having analyzed the data, the work discovered that Arabic translators pay no or less attention to the above quadrilateral combination.