151 results on '"Jérôme Benveniste"'
Search Results
2. Assessment of Wave Power Density Using Sea State Climate Change Initiative Database in the French Façade
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Sonia Ponce de León, Marco Restano, and Jérôme Benveniste
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renewable energy ,wave power density ,oceanography ,Sea State Climate Change Initiative ,satellite altimetry ,Atlantic French façade ,Naval architecture. Shipbuilding. Marine engineering ,VM1-989 ,Oceanography ,GC1-1581 - Abstract
This study considers assessing the wave energy potential in the French façade. The objective is to investigate the validity of satellite altimetry-based estimates of wave renewable energy potential using the homogenized multi-mission altimeter data made available by the European Space Agency Sea State Climate Change Initiative (Sea_State_cci). The empirical model of Gommenginger et al. (2003) is adopted to calculate the wave period, which is required to estimate the wave power density from both the radar altimeter’s significant wave height and backscatter coefficient. The study comprises 26 years of data, from January 1992 to December 2018. In the winter season, the wave resource is abundant and higher than in other seasons. On average, the highest value is about 99,000 W/m offshore. In the coastal zone, the wave power density is also relatively high, with values of about 60,000 W/m in the North and South regions of the French Atlantic coast. The seasonal spatial distribution of the wave power density is presented to identify potential sites of interest for the development of the marine renewable energy sector and to make renewable energy supply more resilient. The analysis reveals large inter-annual and interseasonal variability in the wave resource in the French façade in the past 26 years. The study shows the feasibility of satellite altimetry-based assessments of wave renewable energy potential as a promising and powerful tool.
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- 2023
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3. Local sea level trends, accelerations and uncertainties over 1993–2019
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Pierre Prandi, Benoit Meyssignac, Michaël Ablain, Giorgio Spada, Aurélien Ribes, and Jérôme Benveniste
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Science - Abstract
Measurement(s) sea surface height Technology Type(s) satellite radar altimetry Factor Type(s) year of data collection Sample Characteristic - Environment sea • ocean Sample Characteristic - Location global Machine-accessible metadata file describing the reported data: https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.13297757
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- 2021
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4. Ocean Integration: The Needs and Challenges of Effective Coordination Within the Ocean Observing System
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Adèle Révelard, Joaquín Tintoré, Jacques Verron, Pierre Bahurel, John A. Barth, Mathieu Belbéoch, Jérôme Benveniste, Pascal Bonnefond, Eric P. Chassignet, Sophie Cravatte, Fraser Davidson, Brad deYoung, Michelle Heupel, Emma Heslop, Cora Hörstmann, Johannes Karstensen, Pierre Yves Le Traon, Miguel Marques, Craig McLean, Raul Medina, Theresa Paluszkiewicz, Ananda Pascual, Jay Pearlman, George Petihakis, Nadia Pinardi, Sylvie Pouliquen, Ralph Rayner, Iian Shepherd, Janet Sprintall, Toste Tanhua, Pierre Testor, Jukka Seppälä, John Siddorn, Soeren Thomsen, Luis Valdés, Martin Visbeck, Anya M. Waite, Francisco Werner, John Wilkin, and Ben Williams
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integration ,ocean observing ,organizational silos ,interdisciplinarity ,collaboration ,ocean science culture ,Science ,General. Including nature conservation, geographical distribution ,QH1-199.5 - Abstract
Understanding and sustainably managing complex environments such as marine ecosystems benefits from an integrated approach to ensure that information about all relevant components and their interactions at multiple and nested spatiotemporal scales are considered. This information is based on a wide range of ocean observations using different systems and approaches. An integrated approach thus requires effective collaboration between areas of expertise in order to improve coordination at each step of the ocean observing value chain, from the design and deployment of multi-platform observations to their analysis and the delivery of products, sometimes through data assimilation in numerical models. Despite significant advances over the last two decades in more cooperation across the ocean observing activities, this integrated approach has not yet been fully realized. The ocean observing system still suffers from organizational silos due to independent and often disconnected initiatives, the strong and sometimes destructive competition across disciplines and among scientists, and the absence of a well-established overall governance framework. Here, we address the need for enhanced organizational integration among all the actors of ocean observing, focusing on the occidental systems. We advocate for a major evolution in the way we collaborate, calling for transformative scientific, cultural, behavioral, and management changes. This is timely because we now have the scientific and technical capabilities as well as urgent societal and political drivers. The ambition of the United Nations Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development (2021–2030) and the various efforts to grow a sustainable ocean economy and effective ocean protection efforts all require a more integrated approach to ocean observing. After analyzing the barriers that currently prevent this full integration within the occidental systems, we suggest nine approaches for breaking down the silos and promoting better coordination and sharing. These recommendations are related to the organizational framework, the ocean science culture, the system of recognition and rewards, the data management system, the ocean governance structure, and the ocean observing drivers and funding. These reflections are intended to provide food for thought for further dialogue between all parties involved and trigger concrete actions to foster a real transformational change in ocean observing.
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- 2022
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5. Validation of an Empirical Subwaveform Retracking Strategy for SAR Altimetry
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Marcello Passaro, Laura Rautiainen, Denise Dettmering, Marco Restano, Michael G. Hart-Davis, Florian Schlembach, Jani Särkkä, Felix L. Müller, Christian Schwatke, and Jérôme Benveniste
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sea level ,retracking ,satellite altimetry ,tide gauge ,Baltic Sea ,Science - Abstract
The sea level retrievals from the latest generation of radar altimeters (the SAR altimeters) are still challenging in the coastal zone and areas covered by sea ice and require a dedicated fitting (retracking) strategy for the waveforms. In the framework of the European Space Agency’s Baltic + Sea Level (ESA Baltic SEAL) project, an empirical retracking strategy (ALES + SAR), including a dedicated sea state bias correction, has been designed to improve the sea level observations in the Baltic Sea, characterised by a jagged coastline and seasonal sea ice coverage, without compromising the quality of open ocean data. In this work, the performances of ALES + SAR are validated against in-situ data in the Baltic Sea. Moreover, variance, crossover differences and power spectral density of the open ocean data are evaluated on a global scale. The results show that ALES + SAR performances are of comparable quality to the ones obtained using physical-based retrackers, with relevant advantages in coastal and sea ice areas in terms of quality and quantity of the sea level data.
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- 2022
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6. Absolute Baltic Sea Level Trends in the Satellite Altimetry Era: A Revisit
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Marcello Passaro, Felix L. Müller, Julius Oelsmann, Laura Rautiainen, Denise Dettmering, Michael G. Hart-Davis, Adili Abulaitijiang, Ole B. Andersen, Jacob L. Høyer, Kristine S. Madsen, Ida Margrethe Ringgaard, Jani Särkkä, Rory Scarrott, Christian Schwatke, Florian Seitz, Laura Tuomi, Marco Restano, and Jérôme Benveniste
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sea level ,satellite altimetry ,North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO index) ,Baltic Sea ,coastal altimetry ,Science ,General. Including nature conservation, geographical distribution ,QH1-199.5 - Abstract
The absolute sea level trend from May 1995 to May 2019 in the Baltic Sea is analyzed by means of a regional monthly gridded dataset based on a dedicated processing of satellite altimetry data. In addition, we evaluate the role of the North Atlantic Oscillation and the wind patterns in shaping differences in sea level trend and variability at a sub-basin scale. To compile the altimetry dataset, we use information collected in coastal areas and from leads within sea-ice. The dataset is validated by comparison with tide gauges and the available global gridded altimetry products. The agreement between trends computed from satellite altimetry and tide gauges improves by 9%. The rise in sea level is statistically significant in the entire region of study and higher in winter than in summer. A gradient of over 3 mm/yr in sea level rise is observed, with the north and east of the basin rising more than the south-west. Part of this gradient (about 1 mm/yr) is directly explained by a regression analysis of the wind contribution on the sea level time series. A sub-basin analysis comparing the northernmost part (Bay of Bothnia) with the south-west reveals that the differences in winter sea level anomalies are related to different phases of the North-Atlantic Oscillation (0.71 correlation coefficient). Sea level anomalies are higher in the Bay of Bothnia when winter wind forcing pushes waters through Ekman transport from the south-west toward east and north. The study also demonstrates the maturity of enhanced satellite altimetry products to support local sea level studies in areas characterized by complex coastlines or sea-ice coverage. The processing chain used in this study can be exported to other regions, in particular to test the applicability in regions affected by larger ocean tides.
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- 2021
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7. Observational Requirements for Long-Term Monitoring of the Global Mean Sea Level and Its Components Over the Altimetry Era
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Anny Cazenave, Ben Hamlington, Martin Horwath, Valentina R. Barletta, Jérôme Benveniste, Don Chambers, Petra Döll, Anna E. Hogg, Jean François Legeais, Mark Merrifield, Benoit Meyssignac, Garry Mitchum, Steve Nerem, Roland Pail, Hindumathi Palanisamy, Frank Paul, Karina von Schuckmann, and Philip Thompson
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sea-level change ,satellite altimetry ,GRACE (gravity recovery and climate experiment) ,Argo float array ,sea level budget ,Science ,General. Including nature conservation, geographical distribution ,QH1-199.5 - Abstract
Present-day global mean sea level rise is caused by ocean thermal expansion, ice mass loss from glaciers and ice sheets, as well as changes in terrestrial water storage. For that reason, sea level is one of the best indicators of climate change as it integrates the response of several components of the climate system to internal and external forcing factors. Monitoring the global mean sea level allows detecting changes (e.g., in trend or acceleration) in one or more components. Besides, assessing closure of the sea level budget allows us to check whether observed sea level change is indeed explained by the sum of changes affecting each component. If not, this would reflect errors in some of the components or missing contributions not accounted for in the budget. Since the launch of TOPEX/Poseidon in 1992, a precise 27-year continuous record of sea level change is available. It has allowed major advances in our understanding of how the Earth is responding to climate change. The last two decades are also marked by the launch of the GRACE satellite gravity mission and the development of the Argo network of profiling floats. GRACE space gravimetry allows the monitoring of mass redistributions inside the Earth system, in particular land ice mass variations as well as changes in terrestrial water storage and in ocean mass, while Argo floats allow monitoring sea water thermal expansion due to the warming of the oceans. Together, satellite altimetry, space gravity, and Argo measurements provide unprecedented insight into the magnitude, spatial variability, and causes of present-day sea level change. With this observational network, we are now in a position to address many outstanding questions that are important to planning for future sea level rise. Here, we detail the network for observing sea level and its components, underscore the importance of these observations, and emphasize the need to maintain current systems, improve their sensors, and supplement the observational network where gaps in our knowledge remain.
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- 2019
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8. Towards Comprehensive Observing and Modeling Systems for Monitoring and Predicting Regional to Coastal Sea Level
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Rui M. Ponte, Mark Carson, Mauro Cirano, Catia M. Domingues, Svetlana Jevrejeva, Marta Marcos, Gary Mitchum, R. S. W. van de Wal, Philip L. Woodworth, Michaël Ablain, Fabrice Ardhuin, Valérie Ballu, Mélanie Becker, Jérôme Benveniste, Florence Birol, Elizabeth Bradshaw, Anny Cazenave, P. De Mey-Frémaux, Fabien Durand, Tal Ezer, Lee-Lueng Fu, Ichiro Fukumori, Kathy Gordon, Médéric Gravelle, Stephen M. Griffies, Weiqing Han, Angela Hibbert, Chris W. Hughes, Déborah Idier, Villy H. Kourafalou, Christopher M. Little, Andrew Matthews, Angélique Melet, Mark Merrifield, Benoit Meyssignac, Shoshiro Minobe, Thierry Penduff, Nicolas Picot, Christopher Piecuch, Richard D. Ray, Lesley Rickards, Alvaro Santamaría-Gómez, Detlef Stammer, Joanna Staneva, Laurent Testut, Keith Thompson, Philip Thompson, Stefano Vignudelli, Joanne Williams, Simon D. P. Williams, Guy Wöppelmann, Laure Zanna, and Xuebin Zhang
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coastal sea level ,sea-level trends ,coastal ocean modeling ,coastal impacts ,coastal adaptation ,observational gaps ,Science ,General. Including nature conservation, geographical distribution ,QH1-199.5 - Abstract
A major challenge for managing impacts and implementing effective mitigation measures and adaptation strategies for coastal zones affected by future sea level (SL) rise is our limited capacity to predict SL change at the coast on relevant spatial and temporal scales. Predicting coastal SL requires the ability to monitor and simulate a multitude of physical processes affecting SL, from local effects of wind waves and river runoff to remote influences of the large-scale ocean circulation on the coast. Here we assess our current understanding of the causes of coastal SL variability on monthly to multi-decadal timescales, including geodetic, oceanographic and atmospheric aspects of the problem, and review available observing systems informing on coastal SL. We also review the ability of existing models and data assimilation systems to estimate coastal SL variations and of atmosphere-ocean global coupled models and related regional downscaling efforts to project future SL changes. We discuss (1) observational gaps and uncertainties, and priorities for the development of an optimal and integrated coastal SL observing system, (2) strategies for advancing model capabilities in forecasting short-term processes and projecting long-term changes affecting coastal SL, and (3) possible future developments of sea level services enabling better connection of scientists and user communities and facilitating assessment and decision making for adaptation to future coastal SL change.
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- 2019
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9. Requirements for a Coastal Hazards Observing System
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Jérôme Benveniste, Anny Cazenave, Stefano Vignudelli, Luciana Fenoglio-Marc, Rashmi Shah, Rafael Almar, Ole Andersen, Florence Birol, Pascal Bonnefond, Jérôme Bouffard, Francisco Calafat, Estel Cardellach, Paolo Cipollini, Gonéri Le Cozannet, Claire Dufau, Maria Joana Fernandes, Frédéric Frappart, James Garrison, Christine Gommenginger, Guoqi Han, Jacob L. Høyer, Villy Kourafalou, Eric Leuliette, Zhijin Li, Hubert Loisel, Kristine S. Madsen, Marta Marcos, Angélique Melet, Benoît Meyssignac, Ananda Pascual, Marcello Passaro, Serni Ribó, Remko Scharroo, Y. Tony Song, Sabrina Speich, John Wilkin, Philip Woodworth, and Guy Wöppelmann
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SAR/Delay-Doppler Radar Altimetry ,retracking ,coastal zone ,sea level ,coastal modeling ,storm surge ,Science ,General. Including nature conservation, geographical distribution ,QH1-199.5 - Abstract
Coastal zones are highly dynamical systems affected by a variety of natural and anthropogenic forcing factors that include sea level rise, extreme events, local oceanic and atmospheric processes, ground subsidence, etc. However, so far, they remain poorly monitored on a global scale. To better understand changes affecting world coastal zones and to provide crucial information to decision-makers involved in adaptation to and mitigation of environmental risks, coastal observations of various types need to be collected and analyzed. In this white paper, we first discuss the main forcing agents acting on coastal regions (e.g., sea level, winds, waves and currents, river runoff, sediment supply and transport, vertical land motions, land use) and the induced coastal response (e.g., shoreline position, estuaries morphology, land topography at the land–sea interface and coastal bathymetry). We identify a number of space-based observational needs that have to be addressed in the near future to understand coastal zone evolution. Among these, improved monitoring of coastal sea level by satellite altimetry techniques is recognized as high priority. Classical altimeter data in the coastal zone are adversely affected by land contamination with degraded range and geophysical corrections. However, recent progress in coastal altimetry data processing and multi-sensor data synergy, offers new perspective to measure sea level change very close to the coast. This issue is discussed in much detail in this paper, including the development of a global coastal sea-level and sea state climate record with mission consistent coastal processing and products dedicated to coastal regimes. Finally, we present a new promising technology based on the use of Signals of Opportunity (SoOp), i.e., communication satellite transmissions that are reutilized as illumination sources in a bistatic radar configuration, for measuring coastal sea level. Since SoOp technology requires only receiver technology to be placed in orbit, small satellite platforms could be used, enabling a constellation to achieve high spatio-temporal resolutions of sea level in coastal zones.
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- 2019
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10. River Flow Monitoring by Sentinel-3 OLCI and MODIS: Comparison and Combination
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Angelica Tarpanelli, Filippo Iodice, Luca Brocca, Marco Restano, and Jérôme Benveniste
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Sentinel-3 OLCI ,MODIS ,river discharge ,Po River ,multi-mission series ,Science - Abstract
The monitoring of rivers by satellite is an up-to-date subject in hydrological studies as confirmed by the interest of space agencies to finance specific missions that respond to the quantification of surface water flows. We address the problem by using multi-spectral sensors, in the near-infrared (NIR) band, correlating the reflectance ratio between a dry and a wet pixel extracted from a time series of images, the C/M ratio, with five river flow-related variables: water level, river discharge, flow area, mean flow velocity and surface width. The innovative aspect of this study is the use of the Ocean and Land Colour Instrument (OLCI) on board Sentinel-3 satellites, compared to the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) used in previous studies. Our results show that the C/M ratio from OLCI and MODIS is more correlated with the mean flow velocity than with other variables. To improve the number of observations, OLCI and MODIS products are combined into multi-mission time series. The integration provides good quality data at around daily resolution, appropriate for the analysis of the Po River investigated in this study. Finally, the combination of only MODIS products outperforms the other configurations with a frequency slightly lower (~1.8 days).
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- 2020
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11. Arctic Sea Level Budget Assessment during the GRACE/Argo Time Period
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Roshin P. Raj, Ole B. Andersen, Johnny A. Johannessen, Benjamin D. Gutknecht, Sourav Chatterjee, Stine K. Rose, Antonio Bonaduce, Martin Horwath, Heidi Ranndal, Kristin Richter, Hindumathi Palanisamy, Carsten A. Ludwigsen, Laurent Bertino, J. Even Ø. Nilsen, Per Knudsen, Anna Hogg, Anny Cazenave, and Jérôme Benveniste
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sea level ,satellite altimetry ,GRACE ,ocean mass change ,steric height ,Arctic Oscillation ,Science - Abstract
Sea level change is an important indicator of climate change. Our study focuses on the sea level budget assessment of the Arctic Ocean using: (1) the newly reprocessed satellite altimeter data with major changes in the processing techniques; (2) ocean mass change data derived from GRACE satellite gravimetry; (3) and steric height estimated from gridded hydrographic data for the GRACE/Argo time period (2003–2016). The Beaufort Gyre (BG) and the Nordic Seas (NS) regions exhibit the largest positive trend in sea level during the study period. Halosteric sea level change is found to dominate the area averaged sea level trend of BG, while the trend in NS is found to be influenced by halosteric and ocean mass change effects. Temporal variability of sea level in these two regions reveals a significant shift in the trend pattern centered around 2009–2011. Analysis suggests that this shift can be explained by a change in large-scale atmospheric circulation patterns over the Arctic. The sea level budget assessment of the Arctic found a residual trend of more than 1.0 mm/yr. This nonclosure of the sea level budget is further attributed to the limitations of the three above mentioned datasets in the Arctic region.
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- 2020
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12. Preface to the Special Issue on Satellite Altimetry over Land and Coastal Zones: Applications and Challenges
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Cheinway Hwang, Jérôme Benveniste, Yamin Dang, and and C. K. Shum
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geophysics ,geology ,atmospheric science ,space science ,oceanic science ,hydrology ,Geology ,QE1-996.5 ,Geophysics. Cosmic physics ,QC801-809 - Abstract
This special issue publishes peer reviewed papers stemming from the International Workshop on Coast and Land applications of satellite altimetry, held 21 -22 July 2006, Beijing, China. This workshop is financially supported by the Chinese Academy of Surveying and Mapping, National Chiao Tung University, Asia GIS and GPS Co., Chung-Hsing Surv. Co., Huanyu Surv. Eng. Cons. Inc., and Real-World Eng. Cons. Inc. Twenty-two papers were submitted to this issue for review, and 16 papers were accepted following an iterative peer-review process. The accepted papers cover subjects on: ICESat coastal altimetry (1), satellite altimetry applications in solid earth sciences (2), hydrology (4), land/coast gravity field modeling (4), and coastal oceanography (5).
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- 2008
13. Volume Changes of Lake Bracciano During the Sentinels Acquisition Period.
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Frédéric Frappart, Bertrand Ygorra, Serge Riazanoff, Edward Salameh, Sara Taviani, David Rossi, Alex Mecali, Mattia M. Azzela, Emanuele Perugini, Jérôme Benveniste, Jean-François Crétaux, Antonio Scala, Alfonso Crisci, and Jean-Pierre Wigneron
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- 2022
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14. Ocean Circulation from Space
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Rosemary Morrow, Lee-Lueng Fu, Marie-Héléne Rio, Richard Ray, Pierre Prandi, Pierre-Yves Le Traon, and Jérôme Benveniste
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- 2023
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15. An Electromagnetic Simulator for Sentinel-3 SAR Altimeter Waveforms Over Land - Part I: Bare Soil.
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Giuseppina De Felice Proia, Marco Restano, Davide Comite, Maria Paola Clarizia, Jérôme Benveniste, Nazzareno Pierdicca, and Leila Guerriero
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- 2022
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16. An Electromagnetic Simulator for Sentinel-3 SAR Altimeter Waveforms Over Land - Part II: Forests.
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Giuseppina De Felice Proia, Marco Restano, Davide Comite, Maria Paola Clarizia, Jérôme Benveniste, Nazzareno Pierdicca, and Leila Guerriero
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- 2022
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17. Estimating Biomass From Sentinel-3 Altimetry Data: A Sensitivity Analysis.
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Davide Comite, Nazzareno Pierdicca, Maria Paola Clarizia, Daniel Pascual, Giuseppina De Felice Proia, Leila Guerriero, Cristina Vittucci, Marco Restano, and Jérôme Benveniste
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- 2021
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18. Guest Editorial: International Space Science Institute (ISSI) Workshop on Global Change in Africa
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Anny Cazenave, David Baratoux, Teodolina Lopez, Jean Kan Kouamé, Jérôme Benveniste, and Lorena Moreira
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Geophysics ,Geochemistry and Petrology - Published
- 2023
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19. Sentinel-3 STM SAR ocean retracking algorithm and SAMOSA model.
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Salvatore Dinardo, Bruno Lucas, and Jérôme Benveniste
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- 2015
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20. Monthly sea level fingerprints from 1992-2017, utilising ESA CCI Essential Climate Variables in an ensemble modelling framework
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Stephen Chuter, Andrew Zammit-Mangion, Jonathan Bamber, and Jérôme Benveniste
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Sea level rise is one of the greatest socio-economic impacts of climate change in the 21st Century. Whilst global mean sea level is an essential climate variable (ECV) for assessing the integrated response of the Earth system to climate change, regional sea level variability is of primary concern for policy-making decisions and the development of adaptation strategies in coastal localities. Redistribution of terrestrial mass, in the form of hydrological and land ice mass fluxes, partly drives this regional sea level variability due to its impact on the Earth’s gravity, rotation and deformation (GRD), termed ‘Sea Level Fingerprints’ or Barystatic-GRD fingerprints. With increasing mass losses projected from ice sheets and glaciers over the coming centuries, the magnitude and relative contribution of these Barystatic-GRD fingerprints to regional sea level change are expected to increase. As a result, accurately quantifying this phenomenon and its uncertainty is critical when assessing contemporary and future regional sea level variability.Current contemporary Barystatic-GRD fingerprints are typically either calculated using a single mass loading observation source or provide discontinuous coverage since 1992 (the satellite altimetry era). Here, we present a continuous monthly Barystatic-GRD fingerprint product from 1992-2017, computed from an ensemble of mass loadings derived from differing observation techniques. To achieve this, we use the Ice Sheet and Sea Level Model (ISSM) sea level equation solver, which uses a finite element approach to solving the sea level equation at high spatial-temporal resolution, whilst maintaining computational efficiency. This enables us to use an ensemble modelling framework, ensuring the computed Barystatic-GRD fingerprint encompasses the variability between differing observation techniques. Additionally, it allows us to propagate the observation uncertainties into the fingerprint uncertainty in a robust manner. As well as the total Barystatic-GRD fingerprint, we assess the contribution of individual terrestrial components (Antarctica, Greenland, Glaciers, and hydrological mass change). This work is part of the Fingerprinting Approach to Close Regional Sea Level Budgets using ESA-CCI (FACTORS), a European Space Agency Climate Change Initiative Research Fellowship.
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- 2023
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21. New improvements for monitoring the Ocean Heat Content and the Earth Energy imbalance (MOHeaCAN)
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Florence Marti, Alejandro Blazquez, Benoit Meyssignac, Michaël Ablain, Anne Barnoud, Robin Fraudeau, Victor Rousseau, Jonathan Chenal, Gilles Larnicol, Julia Pfeffer, Marco Restano, Jérôme Benveniste, Gérald Dibarboure, and Francois Bignalet-Cazalet
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The Earth energy imbalance (EEI) at the top of the atmosphere is responsible for the accumulation of energy in the climate system. While necessary to better understand the Earth’s warming climate, measuring the EEI is challenging as it is a globally integrated variable whose variations are small (0.5-1 W.m−2) compared to the amount of energy entering and leaving the climate system (~ 340 W.m-2). Accuracies better than 0.1 W.m−2 are needed to evaluate the temporal variations of the EEI at decadal and longer time-scales. The CERES experiment provides EEI time variations with a typical uncertainty of ± 0.1 W.m−2 and shows a trend in EEI of 0.50 +/- 0.47 W.m−2 per decade over the period 2005-2019. The combination of space altimetry and space gravimetry measurements provides an estimate of the ocean heat content (OHC) change which is an accurate proxy of EEI (because >90% of the excess of energy stored by the planet in response to the EEI is accumulated in the ocean in the form of heat). In Marti et al. (2021), the global OHC was estimated at global scales based on the combination of space altimetry and space gravimetry measurements over 2002-2016. Changes in the EEI were then derived with realistic estimates of its uncertainty. Here we present the improvements brought to the global OGC and EEI over an extended period (2002-2021), such as the calculation of the expansion efficiency of heat over the total water column, the improvement of ocean mass solution, the empirical correction of the wet tropospheric correction of Jason-3 altimeter measurements (Barnoud et al., 2022). The space geodetic GOHC-EEI product based on space altimetry and space gravimetry is available on the AVSIO website at https://doi.org/10.24400/527896/a01-2020.003. References: Barnoud A., Picard B., Meyssignac B., Marti F., Ablain M., Roca R. Reducing the uncertainty in the satellite altimetry estimates of global mean sea level trends using highly stable water vapour climate data records. Submitted to JGR: Oceans. Marti, F., Blazquez, A., Meyssignac, B., Ablain, M., Barnoud, A., Fraudeau, R., Jugier, R., Chenal, J., Larnicol, G., Pfeffer, J., Restano, M., and Benveniste, J.: Monitoring the ocean heat content change and the Earth energy imbalance from space altimetry and space gravimetry, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 229–249, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-229-2022, 2022.
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- 2023
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22. SAR, SARin, RDSAR and FF-SAR Altimetry Processing on Demand over Inland Water for Cryosat-2, Sentinel-3 & Sentinel-6 at ESA’s Altimetry Virtual Lab
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Jérôme Benveniste, Salvatore Dinardo, Christopher Buchhaupt, Michele Scagliola, Marcello Passaro, Luciana Fenoglio-Marc, Carla Orrù, Marco Restano, and Américo Ambrózio
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This presentation provides an update on the ESA radar altimetry processing services portfolio, known as SARvatore, for the exploitation of CryoSat-2 (CS-2) and Sentinel-3 (S-3) data from L1A (FBR) data products up to SAR/SARin L2 geophysical data products. The following on-line & on-demand services compose the portfolio, now hosted in the ESA Altimetry Virtual Lab at the EarthConsole® (https://earthconsole.eu): The ESA-ESRIN SARvatore (SAR Versatile Altimetric Toolkit for Research & Exploitation) for CS-2 and S-3 services. These processor prototypes allow the users to customize the processing at L1b & L2 by setting a list of configurable options, including those not available in the operational processing chains (e.g., SAMOSA+ and ALES+ SAR retrackers). The TUDaBo SAR-RDSAR (TU Darmstadt – U Bonn SAR-Reduced SAR) for CS-2 and S-3 service. It allows users to generate reduced SAR, unfocused SAR & LRMC data. Several configurable L1b & L2 processing options and retrackers (BMLE3, SINC2, TALES, SINCS, SINCS OV) are available. The TU München ALES+ SAR for CS-2 and S-3 service. It allows users to process L1b data applying the empirical ALES+ SAR subwaveform retracker, including a dedicated SSB solution. The Aresys FF-SAR (Fully-Focused SAR) for CS-2 & S-3 service. It provides the capability to produce L1b products with several configurable options and with the possibility of appending the ALES+ FFSAR output to the L1b products. In the future, the service will be extended to process Sentinel-6 data. The following new services will be made available: the CLS SMAP S-3 FF-SAR processor (s-3-smap, http://doi.org/10.5270/esa-cnes.sentinel-3.smap) and the ESA-ESTEC/isardSAT L1 Sentinel-6 Ground Prototype Processor. All output data products are generated in standard netCDF format and are therefore also compatible with the multi-mission “Broadview Radar Altimetry Toolbox” (BRAT, http://www.altimetry.info). The Altimetry Virtual Lab is a community space for simplified processing services and knowledge-sharing, hosted on the EarthConsole®, a powerful EO data processing platform now on the ESA Network of Resources. This enables SARvatore Services to remain open for worldwide scientific applications, including for R&D studies on the retrieval of radar altimetry measured variables contributing to Inland Water monitoring (write to altimetry.info@esa.int for further information).
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- 2023
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23. Modeling Envisat RA-2 waveforms in the coastal zone: Case study of calm water contamination
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Graham D. Quartly, Christine Gommenginger, Stefano Vignudelli, Jesús Gómez-Enri, Peter Challenor, Jérôme Benveniste, and Paolo Cipollini
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Storm surge ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Storm ,Sea-surface height ,Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology ,law.invention ,Marine pollution ,Physics - Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics ,law ,Climatology ,Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph) ,Tide gauge ,Altimeter ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Radar ,Digital elevation model ,Geology - Abstract
Radar altimeters have so far had limited use in the coastal zone, the area with most societal impact. This is due to both lack of, or insufficient accuracy in the necessary corrections, and more complicated altimeter signals. This letter examines waveform data from the Envisat RA-2 as it passes regularly over Pianosa (a 10-km2 island in the northwestern Mediterranean). Forty-six repeat passes were analyzed, with most showing a reduction in signal upon passing over the island, with weak early returns corresponding to the reflections from land. Intriguingly, one third of cases showed an anomalously bright hyperbolic feature. This feature may be due to extremely calm waters in the Golfo della Botte (northern side of the island), but the cause of its intermittency is not clear. The modeling of waveforms in such a complex land/sea environment demonstrates the potential for sea surface height retrievals much closer to the coast than is achieved by routine processing. The long-term development of altimetric records in the coastal zone will not only improve the calibration of altimetric data with coastal tide gauges but also greatly enhance the study of storm surges and other coastal phenomena.
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- 2023
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24. SAR Altimeter Backscattered Waveform Model.
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Chris Ray, Cristina Martin-Puig, Maria Paola Clarizia, Giulio Ruffini, Salvatore Dinardo, Christine Gommenginger, and Jérôme Benveniste
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- 2015
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25. EnviSat altimetry for river and lakes monitoring.
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Philippa A. M. Berry, Richard G. Smith, and Jérôme Benveniste
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- 2012
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26. Basic Radar Altimetry Toolbox.
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Jérôme Benveniste, Vinca Rosmorduc, Sander Niemeijer, and Nicolas Picot
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- 2008
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27. Theoretical Model of SAR Altimeter over Water Surfaces.
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Cristina Martin-Puig, Giulio Ruffini, José Márquez 0001, David Cotton, Meric Srokosz, Peter G. Challenor, R. Keith Raney, and Jérôme Benveniste
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- 2008
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28. A RIP-based SAR retracker and its application in North East Atlantic with Sentinel-3
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Sebastian Grayek, M. Joana Fernandes, Jérôme Benveniste, Remko Scharroo, Salvatore Dinardo, Matthias Becker, Luciana Fenoglio-Marc, and Joanna Staneva
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Synthetic aperture radar ,Atmospheric Science ,Radiometer ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Mode (statistics) ,Aerospace Engineering ,Astronomy and Astrophysics ,01 natural sciences ,law.invention ,Troposphere ,Wave model ,Geophysics ,Space and Planetary Science ,Radar altimeter ,law ,0103 physical sciences ,General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,Tide gauge ,Altimeter ,010303 astronomy & astrophysics ,Geology ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Remote sensing - Abstract
Just as CryoSat-2, Sentinel-3 embarks on board a radar altimeter (SRAL) with the novel Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) mode that enables higher resolution and more accurate altimeter-derived parameters in the coastal zone, thanks to the reduced along-track footprint. Exploiting the SAR data in the recent years, many researchers have already proven that the performance of SAR altimetry with specific coastal retrackers is superior to collocated Pseudo-Low Resolution Mode (PLRM) coastal altimetry algorithms but they also pointed out that residual errors due to land contamination are still present in the very proximity of the land (0–3 km). The objective of this work is to further improve these results by exploiting extra information provided by SAR altimeters, namely the so-called Range Integrated Power (RIP), the new waveform built by a simple integration of the Doppler beams in the range direction. The RIP characterizes the backscattering state of the ground cell, towards which all the Doppler beams have been steered. These developments lead to a new retracker, here coined SAMOSA++, in which the RIP, as computed from the L1B-S data, is converted into a surface backscattering profile and directly integrated in the SAMOSA retracker as part of the model formulation itself. In this way, the modified SAMOSA model is automatically and autonomously able to cope with the different return waveform shapes from different surface types: either diffusive or specular. The mean square slope computed from the RIP is also estimated, representing a new output of the retracker. The performance of this new retracker is here cross-compared against its previous version, SAMOSA+, and against the standard Sentinel-3 marine PDGS (Payload Data Ground Segment) SAR retracker (SAMOSA2) in both coastal zone and open ocean in order to ensure a seamless transition between these zones. The new retracker SAMOSA++ is validated in the North East Atlantic region, where appropriate in situ validation data are available. The retrievals from the new retracker are cross-compared against the network of tide gauges and buoys in the German Bight and versus the output of the GCOAST Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht (HZG) regional circulation and wave model. In addition, sea level estimates derived with different ocean tide and wet path delay geophysical correction models are compared. Results indicate that in this region the best geophysical correction models are the FES2014b tide model and the GPD+ wet tropospheric correction that incorporates data from the Sentinel-3 on-board radiometer. Analyses show that both SAMOSA+ and SAMOSA++ ensure the continuity of the PDGS SAR Marine retracker in the open ocean, leading to clear improvements in the coastal zone, larger for SAMOSA++ than for SAMOSA+. In summary, the new SAMOSA++ retracker retrieves more accurate altimetric parameters in the coastal zone, with a better consistency with respect to regional ocean models and in situ data.
- Published
- 2021
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29. Evaluation of CryoSat-2 water level derived from different retracking scenarios over selected inland water bodies
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Sh. Roohi, Salvatore Dinardo, E.A. Issawy, G. Zhang, Jérôme Benveniste, and Nico Sneeuw
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Atmospheric Science ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Mode (statistics) ,Aerospace Engineering ,Astronomy and Astrophysics ,Northern ireland ,01 natural sciences ,Water level ,Geophysics ,Waveform analysis ,Space and Planetary Science ,Satellite altimetry ,0103 physical sciences ,General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,Environmental science ,Altimeter ,Qinghai lake ,010303 astronomy & astrophysics ,Full waveform ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Remote sensing - Abstract
As the first satellite altimetry mission operating in sar (delay-Doppler) mode, CryoSat-2 is an interesting mission to analyze its performance for water level monitoring over inland water bodies. It offers the opportunity to make comparison of sar and conventional altimeters by a multi-mode altimeter mounted on the same platform with a long repeat orbit. This comparison gives us more knowledge about the performance of the sar altimeter. Even tough it is not possible to perform it over same objects. In this paper we analyze the CryoSat-2 performance for water level monitoring via full- and sub-waveform retracking against in-situ gauge and L2 products of other satellite altimetry missions, e.g. Envisat and Jason-2. To this end, we retrack the full-waveforms and sub-waveforms with different empirical and physical retracking algorithms such as ocog , threshold, β -parameters and samosa 3. We evaluate its capability in all measurement modes, i.e. lrm , sar and sari n, over inland water bodies located in different climatic zones. We selected study areas with different shapes and sizes. Relative to in situ measurements we find a precision of the CryoSat-2 lrm mode of 15 cm rms over Qinghai lake (China) and 13 cm over Erie lake ( usa ). This is an improvement over Envisat, yielding precision of 17 cm in both cases. For the sar mode over Neagh lake (Northern Ireland) and Derg lake (Ireland) we obtain 15 cm and 13 cm where Envisat yields 28 cm and 100 cm , respectively. The sari n mode’s precision is assessed over Nasser lake (Egypt) with 25 cm rms and Athabasca lake (Canada) with 16 cm . Over these lakes Jason-2 achieved 54 cm and Envisat 19 cm , respectively. The most precise results of CryoSat-2 are obtained with our retracking and sub-waveform selection scenarios. Comparing CryoSat-2 results from our retracking scenarios using L1b data with those results obtained from L2 products (data) of this mission shows an improvement of 4–17 cm. The minimum and maximum improvements belong to Erie and Derg lakes respectively, the largest and smallest lakes. From the waveform analysis over lakes with different shapes and sizes, we found that the first and the mean-all sub-waveforms (mean correction from all sub-waveforms) retracked with the threshold and samosa 3 (only for sar mode) retrackers are appropriate to retrieve water level variation of small lakes and complex shaped lakes in this study. Over large lakes the full-waveform retracking leads to better results. In the case of icy-lake objects, sub-waveform retracking scenarios (the first and mean-all sub-waveforms) are more precise than the other scenarios. These are our findings over few samples, though more samples need to be analyzed to support them strongly.
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- 2021
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30. Altimetry-based sea level trends along the coasts of Western Africa
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Marcello Passaro, Anny Cazenave, Jean François Legeais, Fabien Léger, Florence Birol, Rafael Almar, Jérôme Benveniste, Florence Marti, and Fernando Niño
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Atmospheric Science ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Aerospace Engineering ,Climate change ,Astronomy and Astrophysics ,Context (language use) ,Pelagic zone ,01 natural sciences ,ddc ,Geophysics ,Space and Planetary Science ,Climatology ,0103 physical sciences ,Period (geology) ,General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,Satellite ,Submarine pipeline ,Altimeter ,010303 astronomy & astrophysics ,Geology ,Sea level ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences - Abstract
We present results of contemporary coastal sea level changes along the coasts of Western Africa, obtained from a dedicated reprocessing of satellite altimetry data done in the context of the ESA ‘Climate Change Initiative’ sea level project. High sampling rate (20 Hz) sea level data from the Jason-1 and Jason-2 missions over a 14-year-long time span (July 2002 to June 2016) are considered. The data were first retracked using the ALES adaptative leading edge subwaveform retracker. The X-TRACK processing system developed to optimize the completeness and accuracy of the corrected sea level time series in coastal ocean areas was then applied. From the 14-year long sea level time series finally obtained, we estimate sea level trends along the Jason-1 & 2 tracks covering the study region. We analyze regional variations in sea level trends, with a focus on the changes observed between the open ocean to the coastal zone. Compared to the conventional 1 Hz sea level products dedicated to open ocean applications, the retracked 20 Hz measurements used in this study allow us to retrieve valid sea level information much closer to the coast (less than 3–4 km to the coast, depending on the satellite track location). The main objective of this study is twofold: (1) provide sea level products in the coastal areas from reprocessed altimetry data and (2) check whether sea level changes at the coast differ from that reported in the open ocean with conventional altimetry products. In the selected region, results show that over the study period, sea level trends observed near the coast of Western Africa are significantly different than offshore trends. In order to assess the robustness of the results, detailed analyses are performed at several locations to discriminate between possible drifts in the geophysical corrections and physical processes potentially able to explain the sea level changes observed close to the coast.
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- 2021
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31. High-Resolution (SAR) Altimetry Processing on Demand for Cryosat-2 and Sentinel-3 at ESA’s Altimetry Virtual Lab
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Jérôme Benveniste, Salvatore Dinardo, Christopher Buchhaupt, Michele Scagliola, Marcello Passaro, Luciana Fenoglio-Marc, Giovanni Sabatino, Marco Restano, Américo Ambrózio, Beniamino Abis, and Carla Orrù
- Abstract
The scope of this presentation is to provide an update on the ESA radar altimetry services portfolio for the exploitation of CryoSat-2 (CS-2) and Sentinel-3 (S-3) data from L1A (FBR) data products up to SAR/SARin L2 geophysical data products. At present, the following on-line & on-demand services compose the portfolio:The ESA-ESRIN SARvatore (SAR Versatile Altimetric TOolkit for Research & Exploitation) for CS-2 and S-3 services. These processor prototypes allow the users to customize the processing at L1b & L2 by setting a list of configurable options, including those not available in the operational processing chains (e.g. SAMOSA+ and ALES+ SAR retrackers). The TUDaBo SAR-RDSAR (TU Darmstadt – U Bonn SAR-Reduced SAR) for CS-2 and S-3 service. It allows users to generate reduced SAR, unfocused SAR & LRMC data. Several configurable L1b & L2 processing options and retrackers (BMLE3, SINC2, TALES, SINCS, SINCS OV) are available. The TU München ALES+ SAR for CS-2 and S-3 service. It allows users to process official L1b data and produces L2 products by applying the empirical ALES+ SAR subwaveform retracker, including a dedicated SSB solution. The Aresys FF-SAR (Fully-Focused SAR) for CS-2 service. Currently under development, it will provide the capability to produce L1b products with several configurable options and with the possibility of appending the ALES+ FFSAR output to the L1b products. In the future, these services will be extended and the following new services will be made available: the Aresys FF-SAR services for S-3 & Sentinel-6, the CLS SMAP S-3 FF-SAR processor (s-3--smap) and the ESA-ESTEC/isardSAT L1 Sentinel-6 Ground Prototype Processor. All output data products are generated in standard netCDF format, and are therefore also compatible with the multi-mission “Broadview Radar Altimetry Toolbox” (BRAT, http://www.altimetry.info).The SARvatore Services are being migrated from the ESA G-POD (https://gpod.eo.esa.int/) to the Altimetry Virtual Lab, a community space for simplified services access and knowledge-sharing. It will be hosted on EarthConsole (https://earthconsole.eu), a powerful EO data processing platform now also on the ESA Network of Resources. This enables SARvatore Services to remain open for worldwide scientific applications (info at altimetry.info@esa.int).
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- 2022
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32. SAR Altimetry Processing Over the Coastal Zone and Inland Water - the ESA HYDROCOASTAL Project
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Jérôme Benveniste, David Cotton, and Hydrocoastal Team
- Abstract
HYDROCOASTAL is a two-year project funded by ESA, with the objective to maximise exploitation of SAR and SARin altimeter measurements in the coastal zone and inland water, by evaluating and implementing new approaches to process SAR and SARin data from CryoSat-2, and SAR altimeter data from Sentinel-3A and Sentinel-3B. Optical data from Sentinel-2 MSI and Sentinel-3 OLCI instruments will also be used in generating River Discharge products. New SAR and SARin processing algorithms for the coastal zone and inland waters will be developed and implemented and evaluated through an initial Test Data Set for selected regions. From the results of this evaluation a processing scheme will be implemented to generate global coastal zone and river discharge data sets. A series of case studies will assess these products in terms of their scientific impacts. All the produced data sets will be available on request to external researchers, and full descriptions of the processing algorithms will be provided.The scientific objectives of HYDROCOASTAL are to enhance our understanding of interactions between the inland water and coastal zone, between the coastal zone and the open ocean, and the small-scale processes that govern these interactions. Also, the project aims to improve our capability to characterize the variation at different time scales of inland water storage, exchanges with the ocean and the impact on regional sea-level changes.The technical objectives are to develop and evaluate new SAR and SARin altimetry processing techniques in support of the scientific objectives, including stack processing, and filtering, and retracking. Also, an improved Wet Troposphere Correction will be developed and evaluated.The presentation will describe the different SAR altimeter processing algorithms that are being evaluated in the first phase of the project, and present results from the evaluation of the initial test data set. It will focus particularly on the performance of the new algorithms over inland water.
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- 2022
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33. Global Analysis of EnviSat Burst Echoes Over Inland Water.
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Philippa A. M. Berry, Richard G. Smith, Mark K. Salloway, and Jérôme Benveniste
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- 2012
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34. Modeling Envisat RA-2 Waveforms in the Coastal Zone: Case Study of Calm Water Contamination.
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Jesús Gómez-Enri, Stefano Vignudelli, Graham Quartly, Christine Gommenginger, Paolo Cipollini, Peter G. Challenor, and Jérôme Benveniste
- Published
- 2010
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35. Guest Editorial: International Space Science Institute (ISSI) Workshop on Geohazards and Risks Studied from Earth Observations
- Author
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Mioara Mandea, Jérôme Benveniste, A. A. Cazenave, and Teodolina Lopez
- Subjects
Geophysics ,Geochemistry and Petrology ,Environmental science ,Earth (chemistry) ,Space Science ,Astrobiology - Published
- 2020
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36. Coastal sea level anomalies and associated trends from Jason satellite altimetry over 2002–2018
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Habib B. Dieng, Marcello Passaro, Jean François Legeais, Yvan Gouzenes, Anny Cazenave, Jérôme Benveniste, Fabien Léger, Andy Shaw, Fernando Niño, Christian Schwatke, Florence Birol, Francisco M. Calafat, and Deutsches Geodätisches Forschungsinstitut (DGFI-TUM)
- Subjects
Statistics and Probability ,Data Descriptor ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Physical oceanography ,Library and Information Sciences ,010502 geochemistry & geophysics ,01 natural sciences ,ddc ,Computer Science Applications ,Education ,Oceanography ,Ocean sciences ,Satellite altimetry ,lcsh:Q ,Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty ,lcsh:Science ,Geology ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Information Systems ,Coastal sea - Abstract
Climate-related sea level changes in the world coastal zones result from the superposition of the global mean rise due to ocean warming and land ice melt, regional changes caused by non-uniform ocean thermal expansion and salinity changes, and by the solid Earth response to current water mass redistribution and associated gravity change, plus small-scale coastal processes (e.g., shelf currents, wind & waves changes, fresh water input from rivers, etc.). So far, satellite altimetry has provided global gridded sea level time series up to 10–15 km to the coast only, preventing estimation of sea level changes very close to the coast. Here we present a 16-year-long (June 2002 to May 2018), high-resolution (20-Hz), along-track sea level dataset at monthly interval, together with associated sea level trends, at 429 coastal sites in six regions (Northeast Atlantic, Mediterranean Sea, Western Africa, North Indian Ocean, Southeast Asia and Australia). This new coastal sea level product is based on complete reprocessing of raw radar altimetry waveforms from the Jason-1, Jason-2 and Jason-3 missions., Measurement(s) coastal sea level changes Technology Type(s) satellite imaging of a planet • computational modeling technique Factor Type(s) year of data collection Sample Characteristic - Environment coastal sea water • sea coast • ocean Sample Characteristic - Location Northeast Atlantic Ocean • Mediterranean Sea • West Africa • North Indian Ocean • Southeast Asia • Australia Machine-accessible metadata file describing the reported data: 10.6084/m9.figshare.12999596
- Published
- 2020
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37. Earth Observations for Coastal Hazards Monitoring and International Services: A European Perspective
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Mioara Mandea, Pierric Ferrier, Jérôme Benveniste, and Angélique Melet
- Subjects
Earth observation ,Coastal hazards ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,business.industry ,Environmental resource management ,Storm surge ,010502 geochemistry & geophysics ,01 natural sciences ,Geophysics ,Geochemistry and Petrology ,Coastal zone ,Environmental science ,Satellite ,Ground segment ,business ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Copernicus ,Downstream (petroleum industry) - Abstract
This article aims to provide a tour of satellite missions for Coastal Hazards Monitoring, of relevant applications, as well as the downstream International Services such as the Copernicus Ocean and Land Monitoring Services. Earth observation (EO) satellite remote sensing provides global, repetitive and long-term observations with increasing resolution with every new generation of sensors. They permit the monitoring of small-scale signals like the ones impacting the coastal zone. EO missions are showcased in this article. Transforming the data products based on the satellite mission ground segment (usually called geophysical products, geophysical data records or so-called Level 2 products) into information useable by managers and decision-makers is done by downstream international services. This is an essential step to increase the uptake of satellite data for the benefit of society. Here, the type of services provided by, e.g., the European Copernicus Programme, is described along with examples of applications, such as monitoring storm surges.
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- 2020
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38. Monitoring the local heat content change over the Atlantic Ocean with the space geodetic approach: the 4DATLANTIC-OHC Project
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Robin Fraudeau, Michael Ablain, Gilles Larnicol, Florence Marti, Victor Rousseau, Alejandro Blazquez, Benoit Meyssignac, Giuseppe Foti, Francisco Calafat, Damien Desbruyères, William Llovel, Pablo Ortega, Vladimir Lapin, Mar Rodriguez, Rachel Killick, Nick Rayner, Marie Drevillon, Karina von Schuckmann, Marco Restano, and Jérôme Benveniste
- Abstract
Given the major role of the Atlantic Ocean in the climate system, it is essential to characterize the temporal and spatial variations of its heat content. The 4DATLANTIC-OHC Project (https://eo4society.esa.int/projects/4datlantic-ohc/) aims at developing and testing space geodetic methods to estimate the local ocean heat content (OHC) changes over the Atlantic Ocean from satellite altimetry and gravimetry. The strategy developed in the frame of the ESA MOHeaCAN Project (https://eo4society.esa.int/projects/moheacan/) is pursued and refined at local scales both for the data generation and the uncertainty estimate. At two test sites, OHC derived from in situ data (RAPID and OVIDE-AR7W) are used to evaluate the accuracy and reliability of the new space geodetic based OHC change. The Atlantic OHC product will be used to better understand the complexity of the Earth’s climate system. In particular, the project aims at better understanding the role played by the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) in regional and global climate change, and the variability of the Meridional Heat transport in the North Atlantic. In addition, improving our knowledge on the Atlantic OHC change will help to better assess the global ocean heat uptake and thus estimate the Earth’s energy imbalance more accurately as the oceans absorb about 90% of the excess energy stored by the Earth system.The objectives of the 4DATLANTIC-OHC Project will be presented. The scientific requirements and data used to generate the OHC change products over the Atlantic Ocean and the first results in terms of development will be detailed. At a later stage, early adopters are expected to assess the OHC products strengths and limitations for the implementation of new solutions for Society. The project started in June 2021 for a 2-year duration.Visit https://www.4datlantic-ohc.org to follow the main steps of the project.
- Published
- 2022
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39. Satellite observations for runoff and river discharge estimation: STREAMRIDE approach
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Stefania Camici, Angelica Tarpanelli, Luca Brocca, Christian Massari, Karina Nielsen, Nico Sneeuw, Mohammad J. Tourian, Shuang Yi, Marco Restano, and Jérôme Benveniste
- Abstract
River discharge monitoring is crucial for many activities ranging from the management of water resources to flood risk mitigation. Due to the limitations of the in situ stations (e.g., low station density, incomplete temporal coverage as well as delays in data access), the river discharge is not always continuously monitored in time and in space. This prompted researchers and space agencies, among others, in developing new methods based on satellite observations for the river discharge estimation.In the last decade, ESA has funded the SaTellite based Runoff Evaluation And Mapping and River Discharge Estimation (STREAMRIDE) project, which proposes the combination of two innovative and complementary approaches, STREAM and RIDESAT, for estimating river discharge. The innovative aspect of the two approaches is an almost exclusive use of satellite data. In particular, precipitation, soil moisture and terrestrial water storage observations are used within a simple and conceptual parsimonious approach (STREAM) to estimate runoff, whereas altimeter and Near InfraRed (NIR) sensors are jointly exploited to derive river discharge within RIDESAT. By modelling different processes that act at the basin or at local scale, the combination of STREAM and RIDESAT is able to provide less than 3-day temporal resolution river discharge estimates in many large rivers of the world (e.g., Mississippi, Amazon, Danube, Po), where the single approaches fail. Indeed, even if both the approaches demonstrated high capability to estimate accurate river discharge at multiple cross sections, they are not optimal under certain conditions such as in presence of densely vegetated and mountainous areas or in non-natural basins with high anthropogenic impact (i.e., in basin where the flow is regulated by the presence of dams, reservoirs or floodplains along the river; or in highly irrigated areas).Here, we present some new advancements of both STREAM and RIDESAT approaches which help to overcome the limitations encountered. In particular, specific modules (e.g., reservoir or irrigation modules for STREAM approach) as well as algorithm retrieval improvements (e.g., to take into account the sediment and the vegetation for RIDESAT algorithm) were implemented. Furthermore, in order to exploit the complementarity of the two approaches, the two river discharge estimates were also integrated within a simple data integration framework and evaluated over sites located on the Amazon and Mississippi river basins. Results demonstrated the added-value of a complementary river discharge estimate with respect to a stand-alone estimate.
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- 2022
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40. Monitoring the Ocean Heat Content and the Earth Energy imbalance from space altimetry and space gravimetry
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Ablain, Michael, Florence, Marti, Alejandro, Blazquez, Benoit, Meyssignac, Robin, Fraudeau, Marco, Restano, Jérôme, Benveniste, and Gérald, Dibarboure
- Abstract
The Earth energy imbalance (EEI) at the top of the atmosphere is responsible for the accumulation of energy in the climate system. While necessary to better understand the Earth’s warming climate, measuring the EEI is challenging as it is a globally integrated variable whose variations are small (0.5-1 W.m−2) compared to the amount of energy entering and leaving the climate system (~ 340 W.m-2). Accuracies better than 0.1 W.m−2 are needed to evaluate the temporal variations of the EEI at decadal and longer time-scales, characteristic of the response to anthropogenic and natural forcing. Since the ocean absorbs about 90% of the excess energy stored by the Earth system, estimating the ocean heat content (OHC) provides an accurate proxy of the EEI. Here, the OHC is estimated at global scale based on the combination of space altimetry and space gravimetry measurements. Changes in the EEI are derived with realistic estimates of its uncertainty. The mean EEI value is estimated at +0.74±0.22 W m-2 (90% confidence level) between August 2002 and August 2016 and this value is increasing at a rate of 0.02 ± 0.05 W.m-2 (90% confidence level). Comparisons against independent estimates based on Argo data and on CERES measurements show good agreement within the error bars of the global mean and the time variations in EEI. On the other hand, discrepancies are also detected at inter-annual scales indicating that the current accuracy of EEI needs further improvement at these time scales. Estimates of the regional OHC change are also provided preliminarily and will be improved in the following months with a focus on the Atlantic Ocean. In particular, the role of the halosteric effects will be further investigated and the resulting product will be assessed against hydrographic data. The space geodetic OHC-EEI product is freely available at https://doi.org/10.24400/527896/a01-2020.003.
- Published
- 2022
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41. Enhancing the Uptake of Earth Observation Products and Services in Africa Through a Multi-level Transdisciplinary Approach
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Chinwe Ifejika Speranza, Felicia Olufunmilayo Akinyemi, David Baratoux, Jérôme Benveniste, Natalie Ceperley, Fatima Driouech, Jörg Helmschrot, Géosciences Environnement Toulouse (GET), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
- Subjects
Community of practice ,[SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences ,End-users ,000 Computer science, knowledge & systems ,Collaboration ,Earth observation products and services ,Societal needs ,Co-production ,Earth sciences ,Geophysics ,910 Geografie, Reisen ,Geochemistry and Petrology ,[SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics] ,Africa ,ddc:550 ,570 Life sciences ,biology ,000 Informatik, Wissen, Systeme ,910 Geography & travel ,Transdisciplinary ,570 Biowissenschaften ,Biologie - Abstract
Africa stands to gain from Earth Observation (EO) science, products and applications. However, its use and application remain below potential on the continent. This article examines how EO can better serve the needs of African users. First, we argue that a successful uptake of EO services is conditional on understanding the African context and matching EO development and deployment to it. Using reference cases, we find that actors outside Africa drive most EO initiatives, whereas country-level expenditures on EO remain low. Recent developments, such as the African space policy and strategy, and initiatives in partnerships with Africa-based organisations to develop a community of practice on EO hold the potential to fill the identified gaps. The analysis indicates that most EO users are either government organisations or researchers, with very few cases involving other types of users. It is generally assumed that users at the local levels are educated and digitally literate, or that the transmission of EO-based knowledge is achieved by government officers and researchers. Although still very few, potentials are emerging for the private sector to deploy EO products and services such as crop or index-based insurance directly to farmers. These private initiatives have prospects for further developing indigenous EO capacity as envisioned in the African space policy and strategy. We then formulate recommendations for a transdisciplinary approach that integrates user contexts, attributes and needs to enhance the uptake of EO products and services in Africa. We conclude by proposing actions to close some of the identified gaps and seize emerging opportunities. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10712-022-09724-1.
- Published
- 2022
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42. Global Analysis of Envisat RA-2 Burst Mode Echo Sequences.
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Philippa A. M. Berry, Jennifer A. Freeman, Catherine Rogers, and Jérôme Benveniste
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- 2007
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43. On the Azimuthally Anisotropy Effects of Polarization for Altimetric Measurements.
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Frederique Remy, Benoit Legrésy, and Jérôme Benveniste
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- 2006
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44. ENVISAT RA-2/MWR cross-calibration and validation final results.
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Jérôme Benveniste
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- 2003
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45. Improving SAR Altimeter processing over the coastal zone - the ESA HYDROCOASTAL project
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David Cotton, Christine Gommenginger, Ole Andersen, Albert Garcia-Mondéjar, Karina Nielsen, Joana Fernandes, Clara Lazaro, Telmo Vieira, Luciana Fenoglio-Marc, Bernd Uebbing, Sophie Stolzenberger, Marcello Passaro, Denise Dettmering, Pierre Fabry, Stefano Vignudelli, Angelica Tarpanelli, Francesco de Biasio, Mathilde Cancet, Ergane Fouchet, Michele Scagliola, Andrew Shaw, Jesus Gomez-Enri, Cornelis Slobbe, Elena Zakharova, Jérôme Benveniste, Marco Restano, and Americo Ambrozio
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- 2021
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46. Improving SAR Altimeter processing over Inland Water - the ESA HYDROCOASTAL project
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David Cotton, Albert Garcia-Mondéjar, Christine Gommenginger, Ole Andersen, Karina Nielsen, Luciana Fenoglio-Marc, Bernd Uebbing, Sophie Stolzenberger, Joana Fernandes, Clara Lazaro, Telmo Vieira, Peter Bauer-Gottwein, Stefano Vignudelli, Angelica Tarpanelli, Francesco de Biasio, Marcello Passaro, Denise Dettmering, Cornelis Slobbe, Andrew Shaw, Peter Thorne, Elena Zakharova, Michele Scagliola, Pierre Fabry, Jesus Gomez-Enri, Nicolas Bercher, Mathilde Cancet, Ergane Fouchet, Jérôme Benveniste, Marco Restano, and Americo Ambrozio
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- 2021
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47. Biomass Estimation by Means of Sentinel-3 Data: A Sensitivity Analysis
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Marco Restano, Davide Comite, Jérôme Benveniste, Giuseppina De Felice-Proia, Nazzareno Pierdicca, Maria Paola Clarizia, and Leila Guerriero
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Backscatter ,Radar altimeter ,law ,Ocean color ,C band ,Mode (statistics) ,Nadir ,Environmental science ,Altimeter ,Digital elevation model ,law.invention ,Remote sensing - Abstract
Sentinel-3 is a multi-instrument mission designed to measure sea-surface topography, sea- and land-surface temperature, ocean color and land color with high resolution and accuracy. The S3 mission is based on a constellation of two (3A and 3B) polar-orbiting satellites and it is designed and operated in the framework of the Copernicus programme, with planned 3C and 3D to ensure continuity. The mission builds up the legacy of ERS-1, ERS-2, ENVISAT and particularly CryoSat for the altimeter. Seninel-3A was launched in February 2016 and Seninel-3B in April 2018. They are equipped with a dual-frequency (Ku- and C-band) altimeter and can work both in low resolution (LRM) and SAR mode, the latter being designed to achieve high along-track discrimination. The low-resolution mode exploits conventional pulse-limited altimeter operation at C band. To approximate LRM operation at Ku band, a pseudo low-resolution mode is achieved by properly processing SAR acquisitions. Recently, a new research project funded by the European Space Agency, i.e., ALtimetry for BIOMass (ALBIOM), has been initiated to study the possibility of deriving forest biomass using Sentinel-3 altimetry data. ALBIOM aims at improving biomass global dataset, which is defined and classified as an Essential Climate Variable. In the last two decades, the exploitation of radar altimetry for studying land parameters has received renewed interest, including processing for the characterization of vegetation features and soil moisture. The vegetation cover has two main effects on the nadir backscatter measured by the altimeter. It attenuates the coherent reflection of the soil and add an incoherent volume scattering contribution. The relative weight of the two contributions depends of course form the frequency. To assess in what extent radar altimetry data are sensitive to the presence of vegetation forest, a study of the dynamic of the Sentinel-3 power waveforms with respect to the above ground biomass is needed. More importantly, the way radar waveforms are affected by disturbing land parameters, such as soil moisture, topography and surface roughness, has to be understood. In this work, an analysis considering both high- and low-resolution data made available by the Copernicus hub service is carried out. The sensitivity study of Sentinel-3 altimetry data to forest biomass over Africa is based on calibrated Sentinel-3 waveforms combined in space and time with forest biomass maps and ancillary information on the soil topography derived from a Digital Elevation Model. Comparison among Ku- and C-band waveforms are discussed, highlighting the critical aspect of the correct positioning of the time-tracking window over land, which often appears partly or completely misplaced, determining waveforms either truncated or containing noise only. The detrimental effect of the waveform truncation for the estimation of biomass and the possible mitigation approach has been considered. The study revealed that both waveforms and NRCSs can be sensitive to the presence of biomass in the order of 100-400 tons/ha, even if they can be strongly influenced by the presence of irregular topography within the system footprint. Different sensitivities with respect to the three channels (i.e., bandwidths and resolution modes) have been observed. A study about the use of differential NRCSs, defined as the difference between two different bandwidths, proposed by previous studies, is under investigation. Further research activities also connected to a modelling approach are in progress and will be discussed at the conference.
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- 2021
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48. Monitoring the ocean heat content change and the Earth energy imbalance from space altimetry and space gravimetry
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Rémi Jugier, Jérôme Benveniste, Anne Barnoud, Julia Pfeffer, Gilles Larnicol, Jonathan Chenal, Robin Fraudeau, Alejandro Blazquez, Benoit Meyssignac, Florence Marti, Marco Restano, Michael Ablain, Laboratoire d'études en Géophysique et océanographie spatiales (LEGOS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
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QE1-996.5 ,[SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences ,Geodetic datum ,Geology ,Atmospheric sciences ,Environmental sciences ,Earth system science ,Atmosphere ,[SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics] ,General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,Environmental science ,GE1-350 ,Altimeter ,Gravimetry ,Ocean heat content ,Proxy (statistics) ,Argo - Abstract
The Earth energy imbalance (EEI) at the top of the atmosphere is responsible for the accumulation of heat in the climate system. Monitoring the EEI is therefore necessary to better understand the Earth's warming climate. Measuring the EEI is challenging as it is a globally integrated variable whose variations are small (0.5–1 W m−2) compared to the amount of energy entering and leaving the climate system (∼340 W m−2). Since the ocean absorbs more than 90 % of the excess energy stored by the Earth system, estimating the ocean heat content (OHC) change provides an accurate proxy of the EEI. This study provides a space geodetic estimation of the OHC changes at global and regional scales based on the combination of space altimetry and space gravimetry measurements. From this estimate, the global variations in the EEI are derived with realistic estimates of its uncertainty. The mean EEI value is estimated at +0.74±0.22 W m−2 (90 % confidence level) between August 2002 and August 2016. Comparisons against estimates based on Argo data and on CERES measurements show good agreement within the error bars of the global mean and the time variations in EEI. Further improvements are needed to reduce uncertainties and to improve the time series, especially at interannual timescales. The space geodetic OHC-EEI product (version 2.1) is freely available at https://doi.org/10.24400/527896/a01-2020.003 (Magellium/LEGOS, 2020).
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- 2021
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49. Estimating Biomass From Sentinel-3 Altimetry Data: A Sensitivity Analysis
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Marco Restano, G. De Felice Proia, Davide Comite, Cristina Vittucci, Maria Paola Clarizia, Leila Guerriero, Daniel Pascual, Jérôme Benveniste, and Nazzareno Pierdicca
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Footprint ,Biomass (ecology) ,Radar tracker ,C band ,law ,Environmental science ,Normalized radar cross section ,Altimeter ,Sensitivity (control systems) ,Radar ,law.invention ,Remote sensing - Abstract
ALtimetry for BIOMass (ALBIOM) is a research project funded by the European Space Agency to study the possibility of estimating above ground biomass by means of low- and high-resolution Sentinel-3 altimetry data. We present preliminary results of a sensitivity analysis, developed to assess in what extent waveforms and altimetry observables are affected by the presence of forests. Ku- and C-band altimetry data have been collected and processed to properly select well-tracked waveforms over land, which are then related to collocated biomass data. A statistical analysis has been performed, highlighting a sensitivity of the estimated normalized radar cross section with respect to forest biomass, even though it is strongly disturbed by the soil topography within the radar footprint. Additionally, the inaccurate positioning of the time-tracking window limits the number of useful data.
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- 2021
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50. Corrigendum to 'Coastal SAR and PLRM altimetry in German Bight and West Baltic Sea' [Adv. Space Res. 62 (2018) 1371–1404]
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Remko Scharroo, Salvatore Dinardo, Matthias Becker, Christopher Buchhaupt, M. Joana Fernandes, Jérôme Benveniste, and Luciana Fenoglio-Marc
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Atmospheric Science ,Geophysics ,Oceanography ,Baltic sea ,Space and Planetary Science ,Aerospace Engineering ,General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,German bight ,Astronomy and Astrophysics ,Altimeter ,Geology - Published
- 2020
- Full Text
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