Author: "Ikeda CT" / Publication Year Range: Last 50 years - Searchworks@Jio Institute Digital Library Search Results

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1. Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors in Child and Adolescent Health, 1990 to 2017: Findings From the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors 2017 Study

Author: Kassebaum, NJ, Reiner, RC, Olsen, HE, Ikeda, CT, Echko, MM, Ballestreros, KE, Manguerra, H, Martopullo, I, Millear, A, Shields, C, Smith, A, Strub, B, Abebe, M, Abebe, Z, Adhena, BM, Adhikari, TB, Akibu, M, Al-Raddadi, RM, Alvis-Guzman, N, Antonio, CAT, Aremu, O, Asgedom, SW, Asseffa, NA, Avila-Burgos, L, Barac, A, Bärnighausen, TW, Bassat, Q, Bensenor, IM, Bhutta, ZA, Bijani, A, Bililign, N, Cahuana-Hurtado, L, Malta, DC, Chang, J-C, Charlson, FJ, Dharmaratne, SD, Doku, DT, Edessa, D, El-Khatib, Z, Erskine, HE, Ferrari, AJ, Fullman, N, Gupta, R, Hassen, HY, Hay, SI, Ilesanmi, OS, Jacobsen, KH, Kahsay, A, Kasaeian, A, Kassa, TD, Kebede, S, Khader, YS, Khan, EA, Khan, MN, Khang, Y-H, Khubchandani, J, Kinfu, Y, Kochhar, S, Kokubo, Y, Koyanagi, A, Defo, BK, Lal, DK, Kumsa, FA, Larson, HJ, Leung, J, Mamun, AA, Mehata, S, Melku, M, Mendoza, W, Mezgebe, HB, Miller, TR, Moges, NA, Mohammed, S, Mokdad, AH, Monasta, L, Neupane, S, Nguyen, HLT, Ningrum, DNA, Nirayo, YL, Nong, VM, Ogbo, FA, Olagunju, AT, Olusanya, BO, Olusanya, JO, Patton, GC, Pereira, DM, Pourmalek, F, Qorbani, M, Rafay, A, Rai, RK, Ram, U, Ranabhat, CL, Renzaho, AMN, Rezai, MS, Ronfani, L, Roth, GA, Safiri, S, Sartorius, B, Scott, JG, Shackelford, KA, Sliwa, K, Sreeramareddy, C, Sufiyan, MB, Terkawi, AS, Topor-Madry, R, Tran, BX, Ukwaja, KN, Uthman, OA, Vollset, SE, Weldegwergs, KG, Werdecker, A, Whiteford, HA, Wijeratne, T, Yonemoto, N, Yotebieng, M, Zuhlke, LJ, Kyu, HH, Naghavi, M, Vos, T, Murray, CJL, and Collaborators, GBD 2017 Child And Adolescent Health
Subjects: Male, Adolescent, Adolescent Health, Global Health, Global Burden of Disease, Young Adult, Age Distribution, Spatio-Temporal Analysis, Risk Factors, Humans, Online First, Sex Distribution, Child, Original Investigation, Research, Child Health, Infant, Newborn, food and beverages, Infant, Featured, Online Only, Socioeconomic Factors, Child, Preschool, Wounds and Injuries, Female, Quality-Adjusted Life Years, Morbidity
Abstract: Key Points Question How have the levels, trends, and leading causes of child and adolescent mortality and nonfatal health loss changed from 1990 to 2017? Findings This study found that child and adolescent mortality decreased throughout the world from 1990 to 2017, but morbidity has increased as a proportion of total disease burden, because the major causes of nonfatal health loss during childhood and adolescence have not changed dramatically. Meaning As the global health community continues to prioritize child and adolescent health during the Sustainable Development Goal era, careful attention should also be placed on examining and addressing nonfatal illness and disability across the development spectrum., This analysis of the Global Disease Burden data estimates mortality and morbidity in children and adolescents from 1990 to 2017 by age and sex in 195 countries and territories worldwide., Importance Understanding causes and correlates of health loss among children and adolescents can identify areas of success, stagnation, and emerging threats and thereby facilitate effective improvement strategies. Objective To estimate mortality and morbidity in children and adolescents from 1990 to 2017 by age and sex in 195 countries and territories. Design, Setting, and Participants This study examined levels, trends, and spatiotemporal patterns of cause-specific mortality and nonfatal health outcomes using standardized approaches to data processing and statistical analysis. It also describes epidemiologic transitions by evaluating historical associations between disease indicators and the Socio-Demographic Index (SDI), a composite indicator of income, educational attainment, and fertility. Data collected from 1990 to 2017 on children and adolescents from birth through 19 years of age in 195 countries and territories were assessed. Data analysis occurred from January 2018 to August 2018. Exposures Being under the age of 20 years between 1990 and 2017. Main Outcomes and Measures Death and disability. All-cause and cause-specific deaths, disability-adjusted life years, years of life lost, and years of life lived with disability. Results Child and adolescent deaths decreased 51.7% from 13.77 million (95% uncertainty interval [UI], 13.60-13.93 million) in 1990 to 6.64 million (95% UI, 6.44-6.87 million) in 2017, but in 2017, aggregate disability increased 4.7% to a total of 145 million (95% UI, 107-190 million) years lived with disability globally. Progress was uneven, and inequity increased, with low-SDI and low-middle–SDI locations experiencing 82.2% (95% UI, 81.6%-82.9%) of deaths, up from 70.9% (95% UI, 70.4%-71.4%) in 1990. The leading disaggregated causes of disability-adjusted life years in 2017 in the low-SDI quintile were neonatal disorders, lower respiratory infections, diarrhea, malaria, and congenital birth defects, whereas neonatal disorders, congenital birth defects, headache, dermatitis, and anxiety were highest-ranked in the high-SDI quintile. Conclusions and Relevance Mortality reductions over this 27-year period mean that children are more likely than ever to reach their 20th birthdays. The concomitant expansion of nonfatal health loss and epidemiological transition in children and adolescents, especially in low-SDI and middle-SDI countries, has the potential to increase already overburdened health systems, will affect the human capital potential of societies, and may influence the trajectory of socioeconomic development. Continued monitoring of child and adolescent health loss is crucial to sustain the progress of the past 27 years.
Published: 2019

2. Diseases, injuries, and risk factors in child and adolescent health, 1990 to 2017: Findings from the global burden of diseases, injuries, and risk factors 2017 study

Author: GBD 2017 Child and Adolescent Health Collaborators, Reiner RC, Olsen HE, Ikeda CT, Echko MM, Ballestreros KE, Manguerra H, Martopullo I, Millear A, Shields C, Smith A, Kokubo Y, Koyanagi A, Defo BK, Lal DK, Kumsa FA, Larson HJ, Leung J, Mamun AA, Mehata S, Melku M, Nong VM, Mendoza W, Mezgebe HB, Miller TR, Moges NA, Mohammed S, Mokdad AH, Monasta L, Neupane S, Nguyen HLT, Ningrum DNA, Ogbo FA, Nirayo YL, Olagunju AT, Olusanya BO, Olusanya JO, Patton GC, Pereira DM, Pourmalek F, Qorbani M, Rafay A, Sliwa K, Rai RK, Ram U, Ranabhat CL, Renzaho AMN, Rezai MS, Ronfani L, Roth GA, Safiri S, Sartorius B, Scott JG, Sreeramareddy C, Shackelford KA, Sufiyan MB, Terkawi AS, Topor-Madry R, Tran BX, Ukwaja KN, Uthman OA, Vollset SE, Weldegwergs KG, Strub B, Werdecker A, Whiteford HA, Wijeratne T, Yonemoto N, Yotebieng M, Zuhlke LJ, Kyu HH, Naghavi M, Vos T, Murray CJL, Abebe M, Kassebaum NJ, Abebe Z, Adhena BM, Adhikari TB, Akibu M, Al-Raddadi RM, Alvis-Guzman N, Antonio CAT, Aremu O, Asgedom SW, Asseffa NA, Avila-Burgos L, Barac A, Bärnighausen TW, Bassat Q, Bensenor IM, Bhutta ZA, Bijani A, Bililign N, Cahuana-Hurtado L, Malta DC, Chang J-C, Charlson FJ, Dharmaratne SD, Doku DT, Edessa D, El-Khatib Z, Erskine HE, Ferrari AJ, Fullman N, Gupta R, Hassen HY, Hay SI, Ilesanmi OS, Jacobsen KH, Kahsay A, Kasaeian A, Kassa TD, Kebede S, Khader YS, Khan EA, Khan MN, Khang Y-H, Khubchandani J, Kinfu Y, and Kochhar S
Subjects: Male, Adolescent, Infant, Newborn, Adolescent Health, Child Health, Infant, Global Health, Pediatrics, Global Burden of Disease, Young Adult, Age Distribution, Spatio-Temporal Analysis, Socioeconomic Factors, Risk Factors, Child, Preschool, 1114 Paediatrics and Reproductive Medicine, Humans, Wounds and Injuries, Female, Quality-Adjusted Life Years, Morbidity, Sex Distribution, Child
Abstract: Importance Understanding causes and correlates of health loss among children and adolescents can identify areas of success, stagnation, and emerging threats and thereby facilitate effective improvement strategies. Objective To estimate mortality and morbidity in children and adolescents from 1990 to 2017 by age and sex in 195 countries and territories. Design, Setting, and Participants This study examined levels, trends, and spatiotemporal patterns of cause-specific mortality and nonfatal health outcomes using standardized approaches to data processing and statistical analysis. It also describes epidemiologic transitions by evaluating historical associations between disease indicators and the Socio-Demographic Index (SDI), a composite indicator of income, educational attainment, and fertility. Data collected from 1990 to 2017 on children and adolescents from birth through 19 years of age in 195 countries and territories were assessed. Data analysis occurred from January 2018 to August 2018. Exposures Being under the age of 20 years between 1990 and 2017. Main Outcomes and Measures Death and disability. All-cause and cause-specific deaths, disability-adjusted life years, years of life lost, and years of life lived with disability. Results Child and adolescent deaths decreased 51.7% from 13.77 million (95% uncertainty interval [UI], 13.60-13.93 million) in 1990 to 6.64 million (95% UI, 6.44-6.87 million) in 2017, but in 2017, aggregate disability increased 4.7% to a total of 145 million (95% UI, 107-190 million) years lived with disability globally. Progress was uneven, and inequity increased, with low-SDI and low-middle–SDI locations experiencing 82.2% (95% UI, 81.6%-82.9%) of deaths, up from 70.9% (95% UI, 70.4%-71.4%) in 1990. The leading disaggregated causes of disability-adjusted life years in 2017 in the low-SDI quintile were neonatal disorders, lower respiratory infections, diarrhea, malaria, and congenital birth defects, whereas neonatal disorders, congenital birth defects, headache, dermatitis, and anxiety were highest-ranked in the high-SDI quintile. Conclusions and Relevance Mortality reductions over this 27-year period mean that children are more likely than ever to reach their 20th birthdays. The concomitant expansion of nonfatal health loss and epidemiological transition in children and adolescents, especially in low-SDI and middle-SDI countries, has the potential to increase already overburdened health systems, will affect the human capital potential of societies, and may influence the trajectory of socioeconomic development. Continued monitoring of child and adolescent health loss is crucial to sustain the progress of the past 27 years.
Published: 2019

3. Global, regional, and national disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 359 diseases and injuries and healthy life expectancy (HALE) for 195 countries and territories, 1990-2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017

Author: Kyu, Hh, Abate, D, Abate, Kh, Abay, Sm, Abbafati, C, Abbasi, N, Abbastabar, H, Abd-Allah, F, Abdela, J, Abdelalim, A, Abdollahpour, I, Abdulkader, Rs, Abebe, M, Abebe, Z, Abil, Oz, Aboyans, V, Abrham, Ar, Abu-Raddad, Lj, Abu-Rmeileh, Nme, Accrombessi, Mmk, Acharya, D, Acharya, P, Ackerman, In, Adamu, Aa, Adebayo, Om, Adekanmbi, V, Ademi, Z, Adetokunboh, Oo, Adib, Mg, Adsuar, Jc, Afanvi, Ka, Afarideh, M, Afshin, A, Agarwal, G, Agesa, Km, Aggarwal, R, Aghayan, Sa, Agrawal, A, Ahmadi, A, Ahmadi, M, Ahmadieh, H, Ahmed, Mb, Ahmed, S, Aichour, An, Aichour, I, Aichour, Mte, Akinyemiju, T, Akseer, N, Al-Aly, Z, Al-Eyadhy, A, Al-Mekhlafi, Hm, Al-Raddadi, Rm, Alahdab, F, Alam, K, Alam, T, Alashi, A, Alavian, Sm, Alene, Ka, Alijanzadeh, M, Alizadeh-Navaei, R, Aljunid, Sm, Alkerwi, A, Alla, F, Allebeck, P, Alonso, J, Alsharif, U, Altirkawi, K, Alvis-Guzman, N, Aminde, Ln, Amini, E, Amiresmaili, M, Ammar, W, Amoako, Ya, Anber, Nh, Andrei, Cl, Androudi, S, Animut, Md, Anjomshoa, M, Ansha, Mg, Antonio, Cat, Anwari, P, Arabloo, J, Aremu, O, Ärnlöv, J, Arora, A, Arora, M, Artaman, A, Aryal, Kk, Asayesh, H, Ataro, Z, Ausloos, M, Avila-Burgos, L, Avokpaho, Efga, Awasthi, A, Ayala, Quintanilla, Ayer, R, Azzopardi, Ps, Babazadeh, A, Badali, H, Balakrishnan, K, Bali, Ag, Banach, M, Banoub, Jam, Barac, A, Barboza, Ma, Barker-Collo, Sl, Bärnighausen, Tw, Barquera, S, Barrero, Lh, Bazargan-Hejazi, S, Bedi, N, Beghi, E, Behzadifar, M, Bekele, Bb, Bekru, Et, Belachew, Ab, Belay, Ya, Bell, Ml, Bello, Ak, Bennett, Da, Bensenor, Im, Berhane, A, Bernabe, E, Bernstein, Rs, Beuran, M, Beyranvand, T, Bhala, N, Bhatt, S, Bhaumik, S, Bhutta, Za, Biadgo, B, Biehl, Mh, Bijani, A, Bikbov, B, Bilano, V, Bililign, N, Bin, Sayeed, Bisanzio, D, Bjørge, T, Bleyer, A, Bobasa, Em, Bou-Orm, Ir, Boufous, S, Bourne, R, Brady, Oj, Brant, Lc, Brayne, C, Brazinova, A, Breitborde, Njk, Brenner, H, Briant, Ps, Briko, An, Britton, G, Brugha, T, Buchbinder, R, Busse, R, Butt, Za, Cahuana-Hurtado, L, Campuzano, Rincon, Cano, J, Cárdenas, R, Carrero, Jj, Carter, A, Carvalho, F, Castañeda-Orjuela, Ca, Castillo, Rivas, J, Castro, F, Catalá-López, F, Cercy, Km, Cerin, E, Chaiah, Y, Chang, Jc, Charlson, Fj, Chattu, Vk, Chiang, Pp, Chitheer, A, Choi, Jj, Christensen, H, Christopher, Dj, Chung, Sc, Cicuttini, Fm, Cirillo, Massimo, Collado-Mateo, D, Cooper, C, Cortesi, Pa, Cortinovis, M, Cousin, E, Criqui, Mh, Cromwell, Ea, Cross, M, Crump, Ja, Daba, Ak, Dachew, Ba, Dadi, Af, Dandona, L, Dandona, R, Dargan, Pi, Daryani, A, Das, Gupta, Das, R, Neves, J, Dasa, Tt, Davitoiu, Dv, De, La, Hoz, Fp, Leo, De, D, De, Neve, Jw, Steur, De, H, Degefa, Mg, Degenhardt, L, Deiparine, S, Demoz, Gt, Denova-Gutiérrez, E, Deribe, K, Dervenis, N, Des, Jarlais, Dey, S, Dharmaratne, Sd, Dhimal, M, Dinberu, Mt, Dirac, Ma, Djalalinia, S, Doan, L, Dokova, K, Doku, Dt, Dorsey, Er, Doyle, Ke, Driscoll, Tr, Dubey, M, Dubljanin, E, Duken, Ee, Duncan, Bb, Duraes, Ar, Ebrahimi, H, Ebrahimpour, S, Echko, Mm, Edessa, D, Edvardsson, D, Effiong, A, Eggen, Ae, Ehrlich, Jr, Bcheraoui, El, C, El-Khatib, Z, Elyazar, Irf, Enayati, A, Endalifer, Ml, Endries, Ay, Er, B, Erskine, He, Eskandarieh, S, Esteghamati, A, Esteghamati, S, Fakhim, H, Faramarzi, M, Fareed, M, Farhadi, F, Farid, Ta, Farinha, Cses, Farioli, A, Faro, A, Farzadfar, F, Fazaeli, Aa, Feigin, Vl, Fentahun, N, Fereshtehnejad, Sm, Fernandes, E, Fernandes, Jc, Ferrari, Aj, Ferreira, Ml, Filip, I, Fischer, F, Fitzmaurice, C, Foigt, Na, Foreman, Kj, Frank, Td, Fukumoto, T, Fullman, N, Fürst, T, Furtado, Jm, Gakidou, E, Gall, S, Gallus, S, Ganji, M, Garcia-Basteiro, Al, Gardner, Wm, Gebre, Ak, Gebremedhin, At, Gebremichael, Tg, Gelano, Tf, Geleijnse, Jm, Genova-Maleras, R, Geramo, Ycd, Gething, Pw, Gezae, Ke, Ghadami, Mr, Ghadiri, K, Ghasemi-Kasman, M, Ghimire, M, Ghoshal, Ag, Gill, Ps, Gill, Tk, Ginawi, Ia, Giussani, G, Gnedovskaya, Ev, Goldberg, Em, Goli, S, Gómez-Dantés, H, Gona, Pn, Gopalani, Sv, Gorman, Tm, Goulart, Ac, Goulart, Bng, Grada, A, Grosso, G, Gugnani, Hc, Guillemin, F, Guo, Y, Gupta, Pc, Gupta, R, Gupta, T, Gutiérrez, Ra, Gyawali, B, Haagsma, Ja, Hachinski, V, Hafezi-Nejad, N, Haghparast, Bidgoli, Hagos, Tb, Hailegiyorgis, Tt, Haj-Mirzaian, A, Hamadeh, Rr, Hamidi, S, Handal, Aj, Hankey, Gj, Hao, Y, Harb, Hl, Harikrishnan, S, Haririan, H, Haro, Jm, Hassankhani, H, Hassen, Hy, Havmoeller, R, Hay, Rj, Hay, Si, Hedayatizadeh-Omran, A, Heibati, B, Hendrie, D, Henok, A, Heredia-Pi, I, Herteliu, C, Heydarpour, F, Heydarpour, P, Hibstu, Dt, Hoek, Hw, Hoffman, Hj, Hole, Mk, Homaie, Rad, E, Hoogar, P, Hosgood, Hd, Hosseini, Sm, Hosseinzadeh, M, Hostiuc, M, Hostiuc, S, Hotez, Pj, Hoy, Dg, Hsairi, M, Htet, As, Huang, Jj, Iburg, Km, Ikeda, Ct, Ilesanmi, Os, Irvani, Ssn, Irvine, Cms, Islam, Sms, Islami, F, Jacobsen, Kh, Jahangiry, L, Jahanmehr, N, Jain, Sk, Jakovljevic, M, James, Sl, Jayatilleke, Au, Jeemon, P, Jha, Rp, Jha, V, Js, Ji, Johnson, Co, Jonas, Jb, Jonnagaddala, J, Jorjoran, Shushtari, Z, Joshi, A, Jozwiak, Jj, Jungari, Sb, Jürisson, M, Kabir, Z, Kadel, R, Kahsay, A, Kalani, R, Kanchan, T, Kar, C, Karami, M, Karami, Matin, B, Karch, A, Karema, C, Karimi, N, Karimi, Sm, Kasaeian, A, Kassa, Dh, Kassa, Gm, Kassa, Td, Kassebaum, Nj, Katikireddi, Sv, Kaul, A, Kawakami, N, Kazemi, Z, Karyani, Ak, Keighobadi, Mm, Keiyoro, Pn, Kemmer, L, Kemp, Gr, Kengne, Ap, Keren, A, Khader, Ys, Khafaei, B, Khafaie, Ma, Khajavi, A, Khalid, N, Khalil, Ia, Khan, Ea, Khan, Ms, Khan, Ma, Khang, Yh, Khater, Mm, Khazaei, M, Khoja, At, Khosravi, A, Khosravi, Mh, Kiadaliri, Aa, Kidanemariam, Zt, Kiirithio, Dn, Kim, Ci, Kim, D, Kim, Ye, Kim, Yj, Kimokoti, Rw, Kinfu, Y, Kisa, A, Kissimova-Skarbek, K, Knudsen, Aks, Kocarnik, Jm, Kochhar, S, Kokubo, Y, Kolola, T, Kopec, Ja, Kosen, S, Kotsakis, Ga, Koul, Pa, Koyanagi, A, Krishan, K, Krishnaswami, S, Krohn, Kj, Kuate, Defo, Kucuk, B, Bicer, B, Kumar, Ga, Kumar, M, Kuzin, I, Lad, Dp, Lad, Sd, Lafranconi, A, Lalloo, R, Lallukka, T, Lami, Fh, Lang, Jj, Langan, Sm, Lansingh, Vc, Latifi, A, Lau, Km, Lazarus, Jv, Leasher, Jl, Ledesma, Jr, Lee, Ph, Leigh, J, Leili, M, Leshargie, Ct, Leung, J, Levi, M, Lewycka, S, Li, S, Li, Y, Liang, X, Liao, Y, Liben, Ml, Lim, Ll, Lim, Ss, Limenih, Ma, Linn, S, Liu, S, Looker, Kj, Lopez, Ad, Lorkowski, S, Lotufo, Pa, Lozano, R, Lucas, Tcd, Lunevicius, R, Lyons, Ra, Ma, S, Macarayan, Erk, Mackay, Mt, Maddison, Er, Madotto, F, Maghavani, Dp, Mai, Ht, Majdan, M, Majdzadeh, R, Majeed, A, Malekzadeh, R, Malta, Dc, Mamun, Aa, Manda, Al, Manguerra, H, Mansournia, Ma, Mantilla, Herrera, Mantovani, Lg, Maravilla, Jc, Marcenes, W, Marks, A, Martins-Melo, Fr, Martopullo, I, März, W, Marzan, Mb, Massano, J, Massenburg, Bb, Mathur, Mr, Maulik, Pk, Mazidi, M, Mcalinden, C, Mcgrath, Jj, Mckee, M, Mcmahon, Bj, Mehata, S, Mehrotra, R, Mehta, Km, Mehta, V, Mejia-Rodriguez, F, Mekonen, T, Melese, A, Melku, M, Memiah, Ptn, Memish, Za, Mendoza, W, Mengistu, G, Mensah, Ga, Mereta, St, Meretoja, A, Meretoja, Tj, Mestrovic, T, Miazgowski, B, Miazgowski, T, Millear, Ai, Miller, Tr, Mini, Gk, Mirarefin, M, Mirica, A, Mirrakhimov, Em, Misganaw, At, Mitchell, Pb, Mitiku, H, Moazen, B, Mohajer, B, Mohammad, Ka, Mohammadi, M, Mohammadifard, N, Mohammadnia-Afrouzi, M, Mohammed, Ma, Mohammed, S, Mohebi, F, Mokdad, Ah, Molokhia, M, Monasta, L, Montañez, Jc, Moosazadeh, M, Moradi, G, Moradi, M, Moradi-Lakeh, M, Moradinazar, M, Moraga, P, Morawska, L, Moreno, Velásquez, I, Morgado-Da-Costa, J, Morrison, Sd, Moschos, Mm, Mousavi, Sm, Mruts, Kb, Muche, Aa, Muchie, Kf, Mueller, Uo, Muhammed, Os, Mukhopadhyay, S, Muller, K, Mumford, Je, Murthy, Gvs, Musa, Ki, Mustafa, G, Nabhan, Af, Nagata, C, Nagel, G, Naghavi, M, Naheed, A, Nahvijou, A, Naik, G, Najafi, F, Nam, Hs, Nangia, V, Nansseu, Jr, Neamati, N, Negoi, I, Negoi, Ri, Neupane, S, Newton, Crj, Ngunjiri, Jw, Nguyen, Aq, Nguyen, G, Nguyen, Ht, Nguyen, Hlt, Nguyen, Lh, Nguyen, M, Nguyen, Nb, Nguyen, Sh, Nichols, E, Ningrum, Dna, Nixon, Mr, Nomura, S, Noroozi, M, Norrving, B, Noubiap, Jj, Nouri, Hr, Shiadeh, Mn, Nowroozi, Mr, Nsoesie, Eo, Nyasulu, Ps, Odell, Cm, Ofori-Asenso, R, Ogbo, Fa, Ih, Oh, Oladimeji, O, Olagunju, At, Olagunju, To, Olivares, Pr, Olsen, He, Olusanya, Bo, Olusanya, Jo, Ong, Kl, Ong, Sk, Oren, E, Ortiz, A, Ota, E, Otstavnov, Ss, Øverland, S, Owolabi, Mo, P, A, M, Pacella, R, Pakhare, Ap, Pakpour, Ah, Pana, A, Panda-Jonas, S, Park, Ek, Park, J, Parry, Cdh, Parsian, H, Pasdar, Y, Patel, S, Patil, St, Patle, A, Patton, Gc, Paturi, Vr, Paudel, D, Paulson, Kr, Pearce, N, Pereira, A, Pereira, Dm, Perico, N, Pesudovs, K, Petzold, M, Pham, Hq, Phillips, Mr, Pigott, Dm, Pillay, Jd, Piradov, Ma, Pirsaheb, M, Pishgar, F, Plana-Ripoll, O, Polinder, S, Popova, S, Postma, Mj, Pourshams, A, Poustchi, H, Prabhakaran, D, Prakash, S, Prakash, V, Prasad, N, Purcell, Ca, Qorbani, M, Quistberg, Da, Radfar, A, Rafay, A, Rafiei, A, Rahim, F, Rahimi, K, Rahimi, Z, Rahimi-Movaghar, A, Rahimi-Movaghar, V, Rahman, M, Rahman, Mhu, Rahman, Ma, Rahman, Su, Rai, Rk, Rajati, F, Ranjan, P, Rao, Pc, Rasella, D, Rawaf, Dl, Rawaf, S, Reddy, Ks, Reiner, Rc, Reitsma, Mb, Remuzzi, G, Renzaho, Amn, Resnikoff, S, Rezaei, S, Rezai, Ms, Ribeiro, Alp, Roberts, Nls, Robinson, Sr, Roever, L, Ronfani, L, Roshandel, G, Rostami, A, Roth, Ga, Rothenbacher, D, Rubagotti, E, Sachdev, Ps, Sadat, N, Sadeghi, E, Saeedi, Moghaddam, S, Safari, H, Safari, Y, Safari-Faramani, R, Safdarian, M, Safi, S, Safiri, S, Sagar, R, Sahebkar, A, Sahraian, Ma, Sajadi, Hs, Salam, N, Salama, Js, Salamati, P, Saleem, Z, Salimi, Y, Salimzadeh, H, Salomon, Ja, Salvi, Ss, Salz, I, Samy, Am, Sanabria, J, Sanchez-Niño, Md, Santomauro, Df, Santos, Is, Santos, Jv, Santric, Milicevic, Sao, Mm, Jose, Bp, Sardana, M, Sarker, Ar, Sarmiento-Suárez, R, Sarrafzadegan, N, Sartorius, B, Sarvi, S, Sathian, B, Satpathy, M, Sawant, Ar, Sawhney, M, Saxena, S, Schaeffner, E, Schmidt, Mi, Schneider, Ijc, Schutte, Ae, Schwebel, Dc, Schwendicke, F, Scott, Jg, Sekerija, M, Sepanlou, Sg, Serván-Mori, E, Seyedmousavi, S, Shabaninejad, H, 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Subjects: Male, Health Status, health statu, HALE, mortality rate, communicable disease, DALYs, Global Burden of Disease, Risk Factors, Prevalence, Medicine and Health Sciences, Singapore, OUTCOMES, disability-adjusted life year, international cooperation, Medicine (all), 11 Medical And Health Sciences, Central African Republic, newborn disease, IRON-DEFICIENCY, AIDS, priority journal, Bahrain, disease severity, Female, Quality-Adjusted Life Years, cerebrovascular accident, Ukraine, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, INTERVENTIONS, Slovakia, DISORDERS, Burundi, WEIGHTS, GBD 2017 DALYs and HALE Collaborators, Communicable Diseases, Article, STYLE, Medicine, General & Internal, Life Expectancy, General & Internal Medicine, Humans, Disabled Persons, human, Healthy Lifestyle, HALE, DALYs, global burden of disease, Mortality, Aged, Science & Technology, Mortality, Premature, HIV, ischemic heart disease, major clinical study, PREVENTION, non communicable disease, GBD, disability-adjusted life-years, age, sex factor, Socioeconomic Factors, Algeria, Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, lower respiratory tract infection, Wounds and Injuries, GENDER, Human medicine, trend study, chronic obstructive lung disease
Abstract: Background How long one lives, how many years of life are spent in good and poor health, and how the population's state of health and leading causes of disability change over time all have implications for policy, planning, and provision of services. We comparatively assessed the patterns and trends of healthy life expectancy (HALE), which quantifies the number of years of life expected to be lived in good health, and the complementary measure of disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), a composite measure of disease burden capturing both premature mortality and prevalence and severity of ill health, for 359 diseases and injuries for 195 countries and territories over the past 28 years. Methods We used data for age-specific mortality rates, years of life lost (YLLs) due to premature mortality, and years lived with disability (YLDs) from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2017 to calculate HALE and DALYs from 1990 to 2017. We calculated HALE using age-specific mortality rates and YLDs per capita for each location, age, sex, and year. We calculated DALYs for 359 causes as the sum of YLLs and YLDs. We assessed how observed HALE and DALYs differed by country and sex from expected trends based on Sociodemographic Index (SDI). We also analysed HALE by decomposing years of life gained into years spent in good health and in poor health, between 1990 and 2017, and extra years lived by females compared with males. Findings Globally, from 1990 to 2017, life expectancy at birth increased by 7.4 years (95% uncertainty interval 74-7.8), from 65.6 years (65.3-65- 8) in 1990 to 73.0 years (72.7-73.3) in 2017. The increase in years of life varied from 5.1 years (5.0-5.3) in high SDI countries to 12.0 years (11.3-12.8) in low SDI countries. Of the additional years of life expected at birth, 26.3% (20.1-33.1) were expected to be spent in poor health in high SDI countries compared with 11.7% (8.8-15.1) in low-middle SDI countries. HALE at birth increased by 6.3 years (5.9-6.7), from 57.0 years (54.6-59.1) in 1990 to 63.3 years (60.5-65.7) in 2017. The increase varied from 3.8 years (3.4-4.1) in high SDI countries to 10.5 years (9.8-11.2) in low SDI countries. Even larger variations in HALE than these were observed between countries, ranging from 1.0 year (0.4-1.7) in Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (62.4 years [59.9-64.7] in 1990 to 63.5 years [60.9-65.8] in 2017) to 23.7 years (21.9-25.6) in Eritrea (30.7 years [28.9-32.2] in 1990 to 54.4 years [51.5-57.1] in 2017). In most countries, the increase in HALE was smaller than the increase in overall life expectancy, indicating more years lived in poor health. In 180 of 195 countries and territories, females were expected to live longer than males in 2017, with extra years lived varying from 1.4 years (0.6-2.3) in Algeria to 11.9 years (10.9-12.9) in Ukraine. Of the extra years gained, the proportion spent in poor health varied largely across countries, with less than 20% of additional years spent in poor health in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Burundi, and Slovakia, whereas in Bahrain all the extra years were spent in poor health. In 2017, the highest estimate of HALE at birth was in Singapore for both females (75.8 years [72.4-78.7]) and males (72.6 years [69 " 8-75.0]) and the lowest estimates were in Central African Republic (47.0 years [43.7-50.2] for females and 42.8 years [40.1-45.6] for males). Globally, in 2017, the five leading causes of DALYs were neonatal disorders, ischaemic heart disease, stroke, lower respiratory infections, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Between 1990 and 2017, age-standardised DALY rates decreased by 41.3% (38.8-43.5) for communicable diseases and by 49"8% (47.9-51.6) for neonatal disorders. For non-communicable diseases, global DALYs increased by 40.1% (36.8-43.0), although age-standardised DALY rates decreased by 18.1% (16.0-20.2). Interpretation With increasing life expectancy in most countries, the question of whether the additional years of life gained are spent in good health or poor health has been increasingly relevant because of the potential policy implications, such as health-care provisions and extending retirement ages. In some locations, a large proportion of those additional years are spent in poor health. Large inequalities in HALE and disease burden exist across countries in different SDI quintiles and between sexes. The burden of disabling conditions has serious implications for health system planning and health-related expenditures. Despite the progress made in reducing the burden of communicable diseases and neonatal disorders in low S DI countries, the speed of this progress could be increased by scaling up proven interventions. The global trends among non-communicable diseases indicate that more effort is needed to maximise HALE, such as risk prevention and attention to upstream determinants of health. Copyright (C) 2018 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.
Published: 2018

4. Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors in Child and Adolescent Health, 1990 to 2017 Findings From the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors 2017 Study

Author: Reiner, RC, Olsen, HE, Ikeda, CT, Echko, MM, Ballestreros, KE, Manguerra, H, Kochhar, Sonali, Murray, C, Kassebaum, NJ, and Public Health
Published: 2019

5. Measuring progress from 1990 to 2017 and projecting attainment to 2030 of the health-related Sustainable Development Goals for 195 countries and territories: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017

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Subjects: GENDER-DIFFERENCES, SUICIDE, Medicine (all), Burden of Disease Study 2017, SDG, CONSUMPTION, 11 Medical And Health Sciences, GBD, Sustainable Development Goals, PREVENTION, ALCOHOL-USE, CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE, SMOKING PREVALENCE, General & Internal Medicine, factors risk, Medicine and Health Sciences, Human medicine, CESSATION, PERSPECTIVE, TRANSITION
Abstract: Background Efforts to establish the 2015 baseline and monitor early implementation of the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) highlight both great potential for and threats to improving health by 2030. To fully deliver on the SDG aim of "leaving no one behind", it is increasingly important to examine the health-related SDGs beyond national-level estimates. As part of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2017 (GBD 2017), we measured progress on 41 of 52 health -related SDG indicators and estimated the health-related SDG index for 195 countries and territories for the period 1990-2017, projected indicators to 2030, and analysed global attainment. Methods We measured progress on 41 health-related S DG indicators from 1990 to 2017, an increase of four indicators since GBD 2016 (new indicators were health worker density, sexual violence by non-intimate partners, population census status, and prevalence of physical and sexual violence [reported separately]). We also improved the measurement of several previously reported indicators. We constructed national-level estimates and, for a subset of health-related SDGs, examined indicator-level differences by sex and Socio-demographic Index (SDI) quintile. We also did subnational assessments of performance for selected countries. To construct the health related SDG index, we transformed the value for each indicator on a scale of 0-100, with 0 as the 2.5th percentile and 100 as the 97.5th percentile of 1000 draws calculated from 1990 to 2030, and took the geometric mean of the scaled indicators by target. To generate projections through 2030, we used a forecasting framework that drew estimates from the broader GBD study and used weighted averages of indicator-specific and country-specific annualised rates of change from 1990 to 2017 to inform future estimates. We assessed attainment of indicators with defined targets in two ways: first, using mean values projected for 2030, and then using the probability of attainment in 2030 calculated from 1000 draws. We also did a global attainment analysis of the feasibility of attaining SDG targets on the basis of past trends. Using 2015 global averages of indicators with defined SDG targets, we calculated the global annualised rates of change required from 2015 to 2030 to meet these targets, and then identified in what percentiles the required global annualised rates of change fell in the distribution of country-level rates of change from 1990 to 2015. We took the mean of these global percentile values across indicators and applied the past rate of change at this mean global percentile to all health-related SDG indicators, irrespective of target definition, to estimate the equivalent 2030 global average value and percentage change from 2015 to 2030 for each indicator. Findings The global median health-related SDG index in 2017 was 59.4 (IQR 35.4-67.3), ranging from a low of 11.6 (95% uncertainty interval 9.6-14.0) to a high of 84.9 (83.1-86.7). SDG index values in countries assessed at the subnational level varied substantially particularly in China and India, although scores in Japan and the UK were more homogeneous. Indicators also varied by SDI quintile and sex, with males having worse outcomes than females for non-communicable disease (NCD) mortality, alcohol use, and smoking, among others. Most countries were projected to have a higher health-related SDG index in 2030 than in 2017, while country-level probabilities of attainment by 2030 varied widely by indicator. Under-5 mortality, neonatal mortality, maternal mortality ratio, and malaria indicators had the most countries with at least 95% probability of target attainment. Other indicators, including NCD mortality and suicide mortality, had no countries projected to meet corresponding SDG targets on the basis of projected mean values for 2030 but showed some probability of attaimnent by 2030. For some indicators, including child malnutrition, several infectious diseases, and most violence measures, the annualised rates of change required to meet SDG targets far exceeded the pace of progress achieved by any country in the recent past. We found that applying the mean global annualised rate of change to indicators without defined targets would equate to about 19% and 22% reductions in global smoking and alcohol consumption, respectively; a 47% decline in adolescent birth rates; and a more than 85% increase in health worker density per 1000 population by 2030. Interpretation The GBD study offers a unique, robust platform for monitoring the health -related SDGs across demographic and geographic dimensions. Our findings underscore the importance of increased collection and analysis of disaggregated data and highlight where more deliberate design or targeting of interventions could accelerate progress in attaining the SDGs. Current projections show that many health -related SDG indicators, NCDs, NCD-related risks, and violence -related indicators will require a concerted shift away from what might have driven past gains curative interventions in the case of NCDs towards multisectoral, prevention -oriented policy action and investments to achieve SDG aims. Notably, several targets, if they are to be met by 2030, demand a pace of progress that no country has achieved in the recent past. The future is fundamentally uncertain, and no model can fully predict what breakthroughs or events might alter the course of the S DGs. What is clear is that our actions or inaction today will ultimately dictate how close the world, collectively, can get to leaving no one behind by 2030. Copyright (C) 2018 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license.
Published: 2018

6. Population and fertility by age and sex for 195 countries and territories, 1950-2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017

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Subjects: Adult, Male, Population Density, GBD, population, fertility, Adolescent, Medicine (all), Infant, Newborn, Infant, 11 Medical And Health Sciences, Middle Aged, Global Health, Global Burden of Disease, Young Adult, Child, Preschool, General & Internal Medicine, Female, Human medicine, Mortality, Child, Population Growth, Birth Rate, Aged, Human, Maternal Age
Abstract: Background Population estimates underpin demographic and epidemiological research and are used to track progress on numerous international indicators of health and development. To date, internationally available estimates of population and fertility, although useful, have not been produced with transparent and replicable methods and do not use standardised estimates of mortality. We present single-calendar year and single-year of age estimates of fertility and population by sex with standardised and replicable methods. Methods We estimated population in 195 locations by single year of age and single calendar year from 1950 to 2017 with standardised and replicable methods. We based the estimates on the demographic balancing equation, with inputs of fertility, mortality, population, and migration data. Fertility data came from 7817 location-years of vital registration data, 429 surveys reporting complete birth histories, and 977 surveys and censuses reporting summary birth histories. We estimated age-specific fertility rates (ASFRs; the annual number of livebirths to women of a specified age group per 1000 women in that age group) by use of spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression and used the ASFRs to estimate total fertility rates (TFRs; the average number of children a woman would bear if she survived through the end of the reproductive age span [age 10-54 years] and experienced at each age a particular set of ASFRs observed in the year of interest). Because of sparse data, fertility at ages 10-14 years and 50-54 years was estimated from data on fertility in women aged 15-19 years and 45-49 years, through use of linear regression. Age-specific mortality data came from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2017 estimates. Data on population came from 1257 censuses and 761 population registry location-years and were adjusted for underenumeration and age misreporting with standard demographic methods. Migration was estimated with the GBD Bayesian demographic balancing model, after incorporating information about refugee migration into the model prior. Final population estimates used the cohort-cotnponent method of population projection, with inputs of fertility, mortality, and migration data. Population uncertainty was estimated by use of out-of-sample predictive validity testing. With these data, we estimated the trends in population by age and sex and in fertility by age between 1950 and 2017 in 195 countries and territories. Findings From 1950 to 2017, TFRs decreased by 49.4% (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 46.4-52.0). The TFR decreased from 4.7 livebirths (4.5-4.9) to 2.4 livebirths (2.2-2.5), and the ASFR of mothers aged 10-19 years decreased from 37 livebirths (34-40) to 22 livebirths (19-24) per 1000 women. Despite reductions in the TFR, the global population has been increasing by an average of 83.8 million people per year since 1985. The global population increased by 197-2% (193.3-200.8) since 1950, from 2.6 billion (2.5-2.6) to 7.6 billion (7.4-7.9) people in 2017; much of this increase was in the proportion of the global population in south Asia and sub-Saharan Africa. The global annual rate of population growth increased between 1950 and 1964, when it peaked at 2.0%; this rate then remained nearly constant until 1970 and then decreased to 1.1% in 2017. Population growth rates in the southeast Asia, east Asia, and Oceania GBD super-region decreased from 2.5% in 1963 to O7% in 2017, whereas in sub-Saharan Africa, population growth rates were almost at the highest reported levels ever in 2017, when they were at 2.7%. The global average age increased from 26.6 years in 1950 to 32.1 years in 2017, and the proportion of the population that is of working age (age 15-64 years) increased from 59.9% to 65.3%. At the national level, the TFR decreased in all countries and territories between 1950 and 2017; in 2017, TFRs ranged from a low of 1.0 livebirths (95% UI 0. 9-1.2) in Cyprus to a high of 7.1 livebirths (6.8-7.4) in Niger. The TFR under age 25 years (TFU25; number of livebirths expected by age 25 years for a hypothetical woman who survived the age group and was exposed to current ASFRs) in 2017 ranged from 0.08 livebirths (0.07-0.09) in South Korea to 2.4 livebirths (2.2-2.6) in Niger, and the TFR over age 30 years (I F030; number of livebirths expected for a hypothetical woman ageing from 30 to 54 years who survived the age group and was exposed to current ASFRs) ranged from a low of 0.3 livebirths (0.3-0-4) in Puerto Rico to a high of 3.1 livebirths (3.0-3.2) in Niger. TF030 was higher than TFU25 in 145 countries and territories in 2017.33 countries had a negative population growth rate from 2010 to 2017, most of which were located in central, eastern, and western Europe, whereas population growth rates of more than 2.0% were seen in 33 of 46 countries in sub-Saharan Africa. In 2017, less than 65% of the national population was of working age in 12 of 34 high-income countries, and less than 50% of the national population was of working age in Mali, Chad, and Niger. Interpretation Population trends create demographic dividends and headwinds (ie, economic benefits and detriments) that affect national economies and determine national planning needs. Although TFRs are decreasing, the global population continues to grow as mortality declines, with diverse patterns at the national level and across age groups. To our knowledge, this is the first study to provide transparent and replicable estimates of population and fertility, which can be used to inform decision making and to monitor progress. Copyright (C) 2018 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.
Published: 2018

7. Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 354 diseases and injuries for 195 countries and territories, 1990-2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017

Author: James, Spencer L., Abate, Degu, Abate, Kalkidan Hassen, Abay, Solomon M., Abbafati, Cristiana, Abbasi, Nooshin, Abbastabar, Hedayat, Abd-Allah, Foad, Abdela, Jemal, Abdelalim, Ahmed, Abdollahpour, Ibrahim, Abdulkader, Rizwan Suliankatchi, Abebe, Zegeye, Abera, Semaw F., Abil, Olifan Zewdie, Abraha, Haftom Niguse, Abu-Raddad, Laith Jamal, Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen M. E., Accrombessi, Manfred Mario Kokou, Acharya, Dilaram, Acharya, Pawan, Ackerman, Ilana N., Adamu, Abdu A., Adebayo, Oladimeji M., Adekanmbi, Victor, Adetokunboh, Olatunji O., Adib, Mina G., Adsuar, Jose C., Afanvi, Kossivi Agbelenko, Afarideh, Mohsen, Afshin, Ashkan, Agarwal, Gina, Agesa, Kareha M., Aggarwal, Rakesh, Aghayan, Sargis Aghasi, Agrawal, Sutapa, Ahmadi, Alireza, Ahmadi, Mehdi, Ahmadieh, Hamid, Ahmed, Muktar Beshir, Aichour, Amani Nidhal, Aichour, Ibtihel, Aichour, Miloud Taki Eddine, Akinyemiju, Tomi, Akseer, Nadia, Al-Aly, Ziyad, Al-Eyadhy, Ayman, Al-Mekhlafi, Hesham M., Al-Raddadi, Rajaa M., Alahdab, Fares, Alam, Khurshid, Alam, Tahiya, Alashi, Alaa, Alavian, Seyed Moayed, Alene, Kefyalew Addis, Alijanzadeh, Mehran, Alizadeh-Navaei, Reza, Aljunid, Syed Mohamed, Alkerwi, Ala'a, Alla, François, Allebeck, Peter, Alouani, Mohamed M. L., Altirkawi, Khalid, Alvis-Guzman, Nelson, Amare, Azmeraw T., Aminde, Leopold N., Ammar, Walid, Amoako, Yaw Ampem, Anber, Nahla Hamed, Andrei, Catalina Liliana, Androudi, Sofia, Animut, Megbaru Debalkie, Anjomshoa, Mina, Ansha, Mustafa Geleto, Antonio, Carl Abelardo T., Anwari, Palwasha, Arabloo, Jalal, Arauz, Antonio, Aremu, Olatunde, Ariani, Filippo, Armoon, Bahroom, Ärnlöv, Johan, Arora, Amit, Artaman, Al, Aryal, Krishna K., Asayesh, Hamid, Asghar, Rana Jawad, Ataro, Zerihun, Atre, Sachin R., Ausloos, Marcel, Avila-Burgos, Leticia, Avokpaho, Euripide F. G. A., Awasthi, Ashish, Ayala Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina, Ayer, Rakesh, Azzopardi, Peter S., Babazadeh, Arefeh, Badali, Hamid, Badawi, Alaa, Bali, Ayele Geleto, Ballesteros, Katherine E., Ballew, Shoshana H., Banach, Maciej, Banoub, Joseph Adel Mattar, Banstola, Amrit, Barac, Aleksandra, Barboza, Miguel A., Barker-Collo, Suzanne Lyn, Bärnighausen, Till Winfried, Barrero, Lope H., Baune, Bernhard T., Bazargan-Hejazi, Shahrzad, Bedi, Neeraj, Beghi, Ettore, Behzadifar, Masoud, Behzadifar, Meysam, Béjot, Yannick, Belachew, Abate Bekele, Belay, Yihalem Abebe, Bell, Michelle L., Bello, Aminu K., Bensenor, Isabela M., Bernabe, Eduardo, Bernstein, Robert S., Beuran, Mircea, Beyranvand, Tina, Bhala, Neeraj, Bhattarai, Suraj, Bhaumik, Soumyadeep, Bhutta, Zulfiqar A., Biadgo, Belete, Bijani, Ali, Bikbov, Boris, Bilano, Ver, Bililign, Nigus, Bin Sayeed, Muhammad Shahdaat, Bisanzio, Donal, Blacker, Brigette F., Blyth, Fiona M., Bou-Orm, Ibrahim R., Boufous, Soufiane, Bourne, Rupert, Brady, Oliver J., Brainin, Michael, Brant, Luisa C., Brazinova, Alexandra, Breitborde, Nicholas J. K., Brenner, Hermann, Briant, Paul Svitil, Briggs, Andrew M., Briko, Andrey Nikolaevich, Britton, Gabrielle, Brugha, Traolach, Buchbinder, Rachelle, Busse, Reinhard, Butt, Zahid A., Cahuana-Hurtado, Lucero, Cano, Jorge, Cárdenas, Rosario, Carrero, Juan J., Carter, Austin, Carvalho, Félix, Castañeda-Orjuela, Carlos A., Castillo Rivas, Jacqueline, Castro, Franz, Catalá-López, Ferrán, Cercy, Kelly M., Cerin, Ester, Chaiah, Yazan, Chang, Alex R., Chang, Hsing-Yi, Chang, Jung-Chen, Charlson, Fiona J., Chattopadhyay, Aparajita, Chattu, Vijay Kumar, Chaturvedi, Pankaj, Chiang, Peggy Pei-Chia, Chin, Ken Lee, Chitheer, Abdulaal, Choi, Jee-Young J., Chowdhury, Rajiv, Christensen, Hanne, Christopher, Devasahayam J., Cicuttini, Flavia M., Ciobanu, Liliana G., Cirillo, Massimo, Claro, Rafael M., Collado-Mateo, Daniel, Cooper, Cyrus, Coresh, Josef, Cortesi, Paolo Angelo, Cortinovis, Monica, Costa, Megan, Cousin, Ewerton, Criqui, Michael H., Cromwell, Elizabeth A., Cross, Marita, Crump, John A., Dadi, Abel Fekadu, Dandona, Lalit, Dandona, Rakhi, Dargan, Paul I., Daryani, Ahmad, Das Gupta, Rajat, Das Neves, José, Dasa, Tamirat Tesfaye, Davey, Gail, Davis, Adrian C., Davitoiu, Dragos Virgil, De Courten, Barbora, De La Hoz, Fernando Pio, De Leo, Diego, De Neve, Jan-Walter, Degefa, Meaza Girma, Degenhardt, Louisa, Deiparine, Selina, Dellavalle, Robert P., Demoz, Gebre Teklemariam, Deribe, Kebede, Dervenis, Nikolaos, Des Jarlais, Don C., Dessie, Getenet Ayalew, Dey, Subhojit, Dharmaratne, Samath Dhamminda, Dinberu, Mesfin Tadese, Dirac, M. Ashworth, Djalalinia, Shirin, Doan, Linh, Dokova, Klara, Doku, David Teye, Dorsey, E. Ray, Doyle, Kerrie E., Driscoll, Tim Robert, Dubey, Manisha, Dubljanin, Eleonora, Duken, Eyasu Ejeta, Duncan, Bruce B., Duraes, Andre R., Ebrahimi, Hedyeh, Ebrahimpour, Soheil, Echko, Michelle Marie, Edvardsson, David, Effiong, Andem, Ehrlich, Joshua R., El Bcheraoui, Charbel, El Sayed Zaki, Maysaa, El-Khatib, Ziad, Elkout, Hajer, Elyazar, Iqbal R. F., Enayati, Ahmadali, Endries, Aman Yesuf, Er, Benjamin, Erskine, Holly E., Eshrati, Babak, Eskandarieh, Sharareh, Esteghamati, Alireza, Esteghamati, Sadaf, Fakhim, Hamed, Fallah Omrani, Vahid, Faramarzi, Mahbobeh, Fareed, Mohammad, Farhadi, Farzaneh, Farid, Talha A., Farinha, Carla Sofia E. sá, Farioli, Andrea, Faro, Andre, Farvid, Maryam S., Farzadfar, Farshad, Feigin, Valery L., Fentahun, Netsanet, Fereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad, Fernandes, Eduarda, Fernandes, Joao C., Ferrari, Alize J., Feyissa, Garumma Tolu, Filip, Irina, Fischer, Florian, Fitzmaurice, Christina, Foigt, Nataliya A., Foreman, Kyle J., Fox, Jack, Frank, Tahvi D., Fukumoto, Takeshi, Fullman, Nancy, Fürst, Thomas, Furtado, João M., Futran, Neal D., Gall, Seana, Ganji, Morsaleh, Gankpe, Fortune Gbetoho, Garcia-Basteiro, Alberto L., Gardner, William M., Gebre, Abadi Kahsu, Gebremedhin, Amanuel Tesfay, Gebremichael, Teklu Gebrehiwo, Gelano, Tilayie Feto, Geleijnse, Johanna M., Genova-Maleras, Ricard, Geramo, Yilma Chisha Dea, Gething, Peter W., Gezae, Kebede Embaye, Ghadiri, Keyghobad, Ghasemi Falavarjani, Khalil, Ghasemi-Kasman, Maryam, Ghimire, Mamata, Ghosh, Rakesh, Ghoshal, Aloke Gopal, Giampaoli, Simona, Gill, Paramjit Singh, Gill, Tiffany K., Ginawi, Ibrahim Abdelmageed, Giussani, Giorgia, Gnedovskaya, Elena V., Goldberg, Ellen M., Goli, Srinivas, Gómez-Dantés, Hector, Gona, Philimon N., Gopalani, Sameer Vali, Gorman, Taren M., Goulart, Alessandra C., Goulart, Bárbara Niegia Garcia, Grada, Ayman, Grams, Morgan E., Grosso, Giuseppe, Gugnani, Harish Chander, Guo, Yuming, Gupta, Prakash C., Gupta, Rahul, Gupta, Rajeev, Gupta, Tanush, Gyawali, Bishal, Haagsma, Juanita A., Hachinski, Vladimir, Hafezi-Nejad, Nima, Haghparast Bidgoli, Hassan, Hagos, Tekleberhan B., Hailu, Gessessew Bugssa, Haj-Mirzaian, Arvin, Haj-Mirzaian, Arya, Hamadeh, Randah R., Hamidi, Samer, Handal, Alexis J., Hankey, Graeme J., Hao, Yuantao, Harb, Hilda L., Harikrishnan, Sivadasanpillai, Haro, Josep Maria, Hasan, Mehedi, Hassankhani, Hadi, Hassen, Hamid Yimam, Havmoeller, Rasmus, Hawley, Caitlin N., Hay, Roderick J., Hay, Simon I., Hedayatizadeh-Omran, Akbar, Heibati, Behzad, Hendrie, Delia, Henok, Andualem, Herteliu, Claudiu, Heydarpour, Sousan, Hibstu, Desalegn Tsegaw, Hoang, Huong Thanh, Hoek, Hans W., Hoffman, Howard J., Hole, Michael K., Homaie Rad, Enayatollah, Hoogar, Praveen, Hosgood, H. Dean, Hosseini, Seyed Mostafa, Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi, Hostiuc, Mihaela, Hostiuc, Sorin, Hotez, Peter J., Hoy, Damian G., Hsairi, Mohamed, Htet, Aung Soe, Hu, Guoqing, Huang, John J., Huynh, Chantal K., Iburg, Kim Moesgaard, Ikeda, Chad Thomas, Ileanu, Bogdan, Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen, Iqbal, Usman, Irvani, Seyed Sina Naghibi, Irvine, Caleb Mackay Salpeter, Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful, Islami, Farhad, Jacobsen, Kathryn H., Jahangiry, Leila, Jahanmehr, Nader, Jain, Sudhir Kumar, Jakovljevic, Mihajlo, Javanbakht, Mehdi, Jayatilleke, Achala Upendra, Jeemon, Panniyammakal, Jha, Ravi Prakash, Jha, Vivekanand, Ji, John S., Johnson, Catherine O., Jonas, Jost B., Jozwiak, Jacek Jerzy, Jungari, Suresh Banayya, Jürisson, Mikk, Kabir, Zubair, Kadel, Rajendra, Kahsay, Amaha, Kalani, Rizwan, Kanchan, Tanuj, Karami, Manoochehr, Karami Matin, Behzad, Karch, André, Karema, Corine, Karimi, Narges, Karimi, Seyed M., Kasaeian, Amir, Kassa, Dessalegn H., Kassa, Getachew Mullu, Kassa, Tesfaye Dessale, Kassebaum, Nicholas J., Katikireddi, Srinivasa Vittal, Kawakami, Norito, Karyani, Ali Kazemi, Keighobadi, Masoud Masoud, Keiyoro, Peter Njenga, Kemmer, Laura, Kemp, Grant Rodgers, Kengne, Andre Pascal, Keren, Andre, Khader, Yousef Saleh, Khafaei, Behzad, Khafaie, Morteza Abdullatif, Khajavi, Alireza, Khalil, Ibrahim A., Khan, Ejaz Ahmad, Khan, Muhammad Shahzeb, Khan, Muhammad Ali, Khang, Young-Ho, Khazaei, Mohammad, Khoja, Abdullah T., Khosravi, Ardeshir, Khosravi, Mohammad Hossein, Kiadaliri, Aliasghar A., Kiirithio, Daniel N., Kim, Cho-Il, Kim, Daniel, Kim, Pauline, Kim, Young-Eun, Kim, Yun Jin, Kimokoti, Ruth W., Kinfu, Yohannes, Kisa, Adnan, Kissimova-Skarbek, Katarzyna, Kivimäki, Mika, Knudsen, Ann Kristin Skrindo, Kocarnik, Jonathan M., Kochhar, Sonali, Kokubo, Yoshihiro, Kolola, Tufa, Kopec, Jacek A., Kosen, Soewarta, Kotsakis, Georgios A., Koul, Parvaiz A., Koyanagi, Ai, Kravchenko, Michael A., Krishan, Kewal, Krohn, Kristopher J., Kuate Defo, Barthelemy, Kucuk Bicer, Burcu, Kumar, G. Anil, Kumar, Manasi, Kyu, Hmwe Hmwe, Lad, Deepesh P., Lad, Sheetal D., Lafranconi, Alessandra, Lalloo, Ratilal, Lallukka, Tea, Lami, Faris Hasan, Lansingh, Van C., Latifi, Arman, Lau, Kathryn Mei-Ming, Lazarus, Jeffrey V., Leasher, Janet L., Ledesma, Jorge R., Lee, Paul H., Leigh, James, Leung, Janni, Levi, Miriam, Lewycka, Sonia, Li, Shanshan, Li, Yichong, Liao, Yu, Liben, Misgan Legesse, Lim, Lee-Ling, Lim, Stephen S., Liu, Shiwei, Lodha, Rakesh, Looker, Katharine J., Lopez, Alan D., Lorkowski, Stefan, Lotufo, Paulo A., Low, Nicola, Lozano, Rafael, Lucas, Tim C. D., Lucchesi, Lydia R., Lunevicius, Raimundas, Lyons, Ronan A., Ma, Stefan, Macarayan, Erlyn Rachelle King, Mackay, Mark T., Madotto, Fabiana, Magdy Abd El Razek, Hassan, Magdy Abd El Razek, Muhammed, Maghavani, Dhaval P., Mahotra, Narayan Bahadur, Mai, Hue Thi, Majdan, Marek, Majdzadeh, Reza, Majeed, Azeem, Malekzadeh, Reza, Malta, Deborah Carvalho, Mamun, Abdullah A., Manda, Ana-Laura, Manguerra, Helena, Manhertz, Treh, Mansournia, Mohammad Ali, Mantovani, Lorenzo Giovanni, Mapoma, Chabila Christopher, Maravilla, Joemer C., Marcenes, Wagner, Marks, Ashley, Martins-Melo, Francisco Rogerlândio, Martopullo, Ira, März, Winfried, Marzan, Melvin B., Mashamba-Thompson, Tivani Phosa, Massenburg, Benjamin Ballard, Mathur, Manu Raj, Matsushita, Kunihiro, Maulik, Pallab K., Mazidi, Mohsen, McAlinden, Colm, McGrath, John J., McKee, Martin, Mehndiratta, Man Mohan, Mehrotra, Ravi, Mehta, Kala M., Mehta, Varshil, Mejia-Rodriguez, Fabiola, Mekonen, Tesfa, Melese, Addisu, Melku, Mulugeta, Meltzer, Michele, Memiah, Peter T. N., Memish, Ziad A., Mendoza, Walter, Mengistu, Desalegn Tadese, Mengistu, Getnet, Mensah, George A., Mereta, Seid Tiku, Meretoja, Atte, Meretoja, Tuomo J., Mestrovic, Tomislav, Mezerji, Naser Mohammad Gholi, Miazgowski, Bartosz, Miazgowski, Tomasz, Millear, Anoushka I., Miller, Ted R., Miltz, Benjamin, Mini, G. K., Mirarefin, Mojde, Mirrakhimov, Erkin M., Misganaw, Awoke Temesgen, Mitchell, Philip B., Mitiku, Habtamu, Moazen, Babak, Mohajer, Bahram, Mohammad, Karzan Abdulmuhsin, Mohammadifard, Noushin, Mohammadnia-Afrouzi, Mousa, Mohammed, Mohammed A., Mohammed, Shafiu, Mohebi, Farnam, Moitra, Modhurima, Mokdad, Ali H., Molokhia, Mariam, Monasta, Lorenzo, Moodley, Yoshan, Moosazadeh, Mahmood, Moradi, Ghobad, Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar, Moradinazar, Mehdi, Moraga, Paula, Morawska, Lidia, Moreno Velásquez, Ilais, Morgado-Da-Costa, Joana, Morrison, Shane Douglas, Moschos, Marilita M., Mountjoy-Venning, W. Cliff, Mousavi, Seyyed Meysam, Mruts, Kalayu Brhane, Muche, Achenef Asmamaw, Muchie, Kindie Fentahun, Mueller, Ulrich Otto, Muhammed, Oumer Sada, Mukhopadhyay, Satinath, Muller, Kate, Mumford, John Everett, Murhekar, Manoj, Musa, Jonah, Musa, Kamarul Imran, Mustafa, Ghulam, Nabhan, Ashraf F., Nagata, Chie, Naghavi, Mohsen, Naheed, Aliya, Nahvijou, Azin, Naik, Gurudatta, Naik, Nitish, Najafi, Farid, Naldi, Luigi, Nam, Hae Sung, Nangia, Vinay, Nansseu, Jobert Richie, Nascimento, Bruno Ramos, Natarajan, Gopalakrishnan, Neamati, Nahid, Negoi, Ionut, Negoi, Ruxandra Irina, Neupane, Subas, Newton, Charles Richard James, Ngunjiri, Josephine W., Nguyen, Anh Quynh, Nguyen, Ha Thu, Nguyen, Huong Lan Thi, Nguyen, Huong Thanh, Nguyen, Long Hoang, Nguyen, Minh, Nguyen, Nam Ba, Nguyen, Son Hoang, Nichols, Emma, Ningrum, Dina Nur Anggraini, Nixon, Molly R., Nolutshungu, Nomonde, Nomura, Shuhei, Norheim, Ole F., Noroozi, Mehdi, Norrving, Bo, Noubiap, Jean Jacques, Nouri, Hamid Reza, Nourollahpour Shiadeh, Malihe, Nowroozi, Mohammad Reza, Nsoesie, Elaine O., Nyasulu, Peter S., Odell, Christopher M., Ofori-Asenso, Richard, Ogbo, Felix Akpojene, Oh, In-Hwan, Oladimeji, Olanrewaju, Olagunju, Andrew T., Olagunju, Tinuke O., Olivares, Pedro R., Olsen, Helen Elizabeth, Olusanya, Bolajoko Olubukunola, Ong, Kanyin L., Ong, Sok King, Oren, Eyal, Ortiz, Alberto, Ota, Erika, Otstavnov, Stanislav S., Øverland, Simon, Owolabi, Mayowa Ojo, P A, Mahesh, Pacella, Rosana, Pakpour, Amir H., Pana, Adrian, Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra, Parisi, Andrea, Park, Eun-Kee, Parry, Charles D. H., Patel, Shanti, Pati, Sanghamitra, Patil, Snehal T., Patle, Ajay, Patton, George C., Paturi, Vishnupriya Rao, Paulson, Katherine R., Pearce, Neil, Pereira, David M., Perico, Norberto, Pesudovs, Konrad, Pham, Hai Quang, Phillips, Michael R., Pigott, David M., Pillay, Julian David, Piradov, Michael A., Pirsaheb, Meghdad, Pishgar, Farhad, Plana-Ripoll, Oleguer, Plass, Dietrich, Polinder, Suzanne, Popova, Svetlana, Postma, Maarten J., Pourshams, Akram, Poustchi, Hossein, Prabhakaran, Dorairaj, Prakash, Swayam, Prakash, V., Purcell, Caroline A., Purwar, Manorama B., Qorbani, Mostafa, Quistberg, D. AlexRadfar, Amir, Rafay, Anwar, Rafiei, Alireza, Rahim, Fakher, Rahimi, Kazem, Rahimi-Movaghar, Afarin, Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa, Rahman, Mahfuzar, Rahman, Mohammad Hifz ur, Rahman, Muhammad Aziz, Rahman, Sajjad Ur, Rai, Rajesh Kumar, Rajati, Fatemeh, Ram, Usha, Ranjan, Prabhat, Ranta, Anna, Rao, Puja C., Rawaf, David Laith, Rawaf, Salman, Reddy, K. Srinath, Reiner, Robert C., Reinig, Nickolas, Reitsma, Marissa Bettay, Remuzzi, Giuseppe, Renzaho, Andre M. N., Resnikoff, Serge, Rezaei, Satar, Rezai, Mohammad Sadegh, Ribeiro, Antonio Luiz P., Roberts, Nicholas L. 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Subjects: YLDs, global burden of disease, General & Internal Medicine, Medicine (all), prevalence, incidence, Human medicine, global burden of disease, YLDs, incidence, prevalence, GBD, years lived with disability
Abstract: Background The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2017 (GBD 2017) includes a comprehensive assessment of incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability (YLDs) for 354 causes in 195 countries and territories from 1990 to 2017. Previous GBD studies have shown how the decline of mortality rates from 1990 to 2016 has led to an increase in life expectancy, an ageing global population, and an expansion of the non-fatal burden of disease and injury. These studies have also shown how a substantial portion of the world's population experiences non-fatal health loss with considerable heterogeneity among different causes, locations, ages, and sexes. Ongoing objectives of the GBD study include increasing the level of estimation detail, improving analytical strategies, and increasing the amount of high-quality data. Methods We estimated incidence and prevalence for 354 diseases and injuries and 3484 sequelae. We used an updated and extensive body of literature studies, survey data, surveillance data, inpatient admission records, outpatient visit records, and health insurance claims, and additionally used results from cause of death models to inform estimates using a total of 68 781 data sources. Newly available clinical data from India, Iran, Japan, Jordan, Nepal, China, Brazil, Norway, and Italy were incorporated, as well as updated claims data from the USA and new claims data from Taiwan (province of China) and Singapore. We used DisMod-MR 2.1, a Bayesian meta-regression tool, as the main method of estimation, ensuring consistency between rates of incidence, prevalence, remission, and cause of death for each condition. YLDs were estimated as the product of a prevalence estimate and a disability weight for health states of each mutually exclusive sequela, adjusted for comorbidity. We updated the Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a summary development indicator of income per capita, years of schooling, and total fertility rate. Additionally, we calculated differences between male and female YLDs to identify divergent trends across sexes. GBD 2017 complies with the Guidelines for Accurate and Transparent Health Estimates Reporting. Findings Globally, for females, the causes with the greatest age-standardised prevalence were oral disorders, headache disorders, and haemoglobinopathies and haemolytic anaemias in both 1990 and 2017. For males, the causes with the greatest age-standardised prevalence were oral disorders, headache disorders, and tuberculosis including latent tuberculosis infection in both 1990 and 2017. In terms of YLDs, low back pain, headache disorders, and dietary iron deficiency were the leading Level 3 causes of YLD counts in 1990, whereas low back pain, headache disorders, and depressive disorders were the leading causes in 2017 for both sexes combined. All-cause age-standardised YLD rates decreased by 39% (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 3.1-4. 6) from 1990 to 2017; however, the all-age YLD rate increased by 7.2% (6.0-8.4) while the total sum of global YLDs increased from 562 million (421-723) to 853 million (642-1100). The increases for males and females were similar, with increases in all-age YLD rates of 7.9% (6 6-9. 2) for males and 6.5% (5.4-7.7) for females. We found significant differences between males and females in terms of age-standardised prevalence estimates for multiple causes. The causes with the greatest relative differences between sexes in 2017 included substance use disorders (3018 cases [95% UI 2782-3252] per 100 000 in males vs 1400 [1279-1524] per 100 000 in females), transport injuries (3322 [3082-3583] vs 2336 [2154-2535]), and self-hatin and interpersonal violence (3265 [2943-3630] vs 5643 [5057-6302]). Interpretation Global all-cause age-standardised YLD rates have improved only slightly over a period spanning nearly three decades. However, the magnitude of the non-fatal disease burden has expanded globally, with increasing numbers of people who have a wide spectrum of conditions. A subset of conditions has remained globally pervasive since 1990, whereas other conditions have displayed more dynamic trends, with different ages, sexes, and geographies across the globe experiencing varying burdens and trends of health loss. This study emphasises how global improvements in premature mortality for select conditions have led to older populations with complex and potentially expensive diseases, yet also highlights global achievements in certain domains of disease and injury. Copyright (C) 2018 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.
Published: 2018

8. Global, regional, and national age-sex-specific mortality and life expectancy, 1950–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017

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Ahmed, Muktar Beshir, Aichour, Amani Nidhal, Aichour, Ibtihel, Aichour, Miloud Taki Eddine, Akanda, Ali S, Akbari, Mohammad Esmaeil, Akibu, Mohammed, Akinyemi, Rufus Olusola, Akinyemiju, Tomi, Akseer, Nadia, Alahdab, Fares, Al-Aly, Ziyad, Alam, Khurshid, Alebel, Animut, Aleman, Alicia V, Alene, Kefyalew Addis, Al-Eyadhy, Ayman, Ali, Raghib, Alijanzadeh, Mehran, Alizadeh-Navaei, Reza, Aljunid, Syed Mohamed, Alkerwi, Ala'a, Alla, François, Allebeck, Peter, Allen, Christine A, Alonso, Jordi, Al-Raddadi, Rajaa M, Alsharif, Ubai, Altirkawi, Khalid, Alvis-Guzman, Nelson, Amare, Azmeraw T, Amini, Erfan, Ammar, Walid, Amoako, Yaw Ampem, Anber, Nahla Hamed, Andrei, Catalina Liliana, Androudi, Sofia, Animut, Megbaru Debalkie, Anjomshoa, Mina, Anlay, Degefaye Zelalem, Ansari, Hossein, Ansariadi, Ansariadi, Ansha, Mustafa Geleto, Antonio, Carl Abelardo T, Appiah, Seth Christopher Yaw, Aremu, Olatunde, Areri, Habtamu Abera, Ärnlöv, Johan, Arora, Megha, Artaman, Al, Aryal, Krishna K, Asadi-Lari, 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Melku, Mulugeta, Memiah, Peter T N, Memish, Ziad A, Mendoza, Walter, Mengistu, Desalegn Tadese, Mengistu, Getnet, Mensah, George A, Mereta, Seid Tiku, Meretoja, Atte, Meretoja, Tuomo J, Mestrovic, Tomislav, Mezgebe, Haftay Berhane, Miangotar, Yode, Miazgowski, Bartosz, Miazgowski, Tomasz, Miller, Ted R, Mini, G.K., Mirica, Andreea, Mirrakhimov, Erkin M, Misganaw, Awoke Temesgen, Moazen, Babak, Moges, Nurilign Abebe, Mohammad, Karzan Abdulmuhsin, Mohammadi, Moslem, Mohammadifard, Noushin, Mohammadi-Khanaposhtani, Maryam, Mohammadnia-Afrouzi, Mousa, Mohammed, Shafiu, Mohammed, Mohammed A, Mohan, Viswanathan, Mokdad, Ali H, Molokhia, Mariam, Monasta, Lorenzo, Moradi, Ghobad, Moradi, Mahmoudreza, Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar, Moradinazar, Mehdi, Moraga, Paula, Morawska, Lidia, Moreno Velásquez, Ilai, Morgado-da-Costa, Joana, Morrison, Shane Dougla, Mosapour, Abba, Moschos, Marilita M, Mousavi, Seyyed Meysam, Muche, Achenef Asmamaw, Muchie, Kindie Fentahun, Mueller, Ulrich Otto, Mukhopadhyay, Satinath, Mullany, Erin C, Muller, Kate, Murhekar, Manoj, Murphy, Tasha B, Murthy, G.V.S., Murthy, Sriniva, Musa, Jonah, Musa, Kamarul Imran, Mustafa, Ghulam, Muthupandian, Saravanan, Nachega, Jean B, Nagel, Gabriele, Naghavi, Mohsen, Naheed, Aliya, Nahvijou, Azin, Naik, Gurudatta, Nair, Sanjeev, Najafi, Farid, Nangia, Vinay, Nansseu, Jobert Richie, Nascimento, Bruno Ramo, Nawaz, Haseeb, Ncama, Busisiwe P, Neamati, Nahid, Negoi, Ionut, Negoi, Ruxandra Irina, Neupane, Suba, Newton, Charles Richard Jame, Ngalesoni, Frida N, Ngunjiri, Josephine W, Nguyen, Ha Thu, Nguyen, Huong Thanh, Nguyen, Long Hoang, Nguyen, Michele, Nguyen, Trang Huyen, Ningrum, Dina Nur Anggraini, Nirayo, Yirga Legesse, Nisar, Muhammad Imran, Nixon, Molly R, Nolutshungu, Nomonde, Nomura, Shuhei, Norheim, Ole F, Noroozi, Mehdi, Norrving, Bo, Noubiap, Jean Jacque, Nouri, Hamid Reza, Nourollahpour Shiadeh, Malihe, Nowroozi, Mohammad Reza, Nsoesie, Elaine O, Nyasulu, Peter S, Ofori-Asenso, Richard, Ogah, Okechukwu Samuel, Ogbo, Felix Akpojene, Oh, In-Hwan, Okoro, Anselm, Oladimeji, Olanrewaju, Olagunju, Andrew T, Olagunju, Tinuke O, Olivares, Pedro R, Olusanya, Bolajoko Olubukunola, Olusanya, Jacob Olusegun, Ong, Sok King, Opio, John Nelson, Oren, Eyal, Ortiz, Justin R, Ortiz, Alberto, Ota, Erika, Otstavnov, Stanislav S, Øverland, Simon, Owolabi, Mayowa Ojo, Oyekale, Abayomi Samuel, P A, Mahesh, Pacella, Rosana, Pakhale, Smita, Pakhare, Abhijit P, Pana, Adrian, Panda, Basant Kumar, Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra, Pandey, Achyut Raj, Pandian, Jeyaraj Durai, Parisi, Andrea, Park, Eun-Kee, Parry, Charles D H, Parsian, Hadi, Patel, Shanti, Patle, Ajay, Patten, Scott B, Patton, George C, Paudel, Deepak, Pearce, Neil, Peprah, Emmanuel K, Pereira, Alexandre, Pereira, David M, Perez, Krystle M, Perico, Norberto, Pervaiz, Aslam, Pesudovs, Konrad, Petri, William A, Petzold, Max, Phillips, Michael R, Pigott, David M, Pillay, Julian David, Pirsaheb, Meghdad, Pishgar, Farhad, Plass, Dietrich, Polinder, Suzanne, Pond, Constance Dimity, Popova, Svetlana, Postma, Maarten J, Pourmalek, Farshad, Pourshams, Akram, Poustchi, Hossein, Prabhakaran, Dorairaj, Prakash, V., Prakash, Swayam, Prasad, Narayan, Qorbani, Mostafa, Quistberg, D Alex, Radfar, Amir, Rafay, Anwar, Rafiei, Alireza, Rahim, Fakher, Rahimi, Kazem, Rahimi-Movaghar, Afarin, Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa, Rahman, Mahfuzar, Rahman, Mohammad Hifz Ur, Rahman, Muhammad Aziz, Rahman, Sajjad ur, Rai, Rajesh Kumar, Rajati, Fatemeh, Rajsic, Sasa, Raju, Sree Bhushan, Ram, Usha, Ranabhat, Chhabi Lal, Ranjan, Prabhat, Ranta, Anna, Rasella, Davide, Rawaf, David Laith, Rawaf, Salman, Ray, Sarah E, Razo-García, Christian, Rego, Maria Albertina Santiago, Rehm, Jürgen, Reiner, Robert C, Reinig, Nickola, Reis, Cesar, Remuzzi, Giuseppe, Renzaho, Andre M N, Resnikoff, Serge, Rezaei, Satar, Rezaeian, Shahab, Rezai, Mohammad Sadegh, Riahi, Seyed Mohammad, Ribeiro, Antonio Luiz P, Riojas, Horacio, Rios-Blancas, Maria Jesu, Roba, Kedir Teji, Robinson, Stephen R, Roever, Leonardo, Ronfani, Luca, Roshandel, Gholamreza, Roshchin, Denis O, Rostami, Ali, Rothenbacher, Dietrich, Rubagotti, Enrico, Ruhago, George Mugambage, Saadat, Soheil, Sabde, Yogesh Damodar, Sachdev, Perminder S, Saddik, Basema, Sadeghi, Ehsan, Moghaddam, Sahar Saeedi, Safari, Hosein, Safari, Yahya, Safari-Faramani, Roya, Safdarian, Mahdi, Safi, Sare, Safiri, Saeid, Sagar, Rajesh, Sahebkar, Amirhossein, Sahraian, Mohammad Ali, Sajadi, Haniye Sadat, Salahshoor, Mohamadreza, Salam, Nasir, Salama, Joseph S, Salamati, Payman, Saldanha, Raphael de Freita, Salimi, Yahya, Salimzadeh, Hamideh, Salz, Inbal, Sambala, Evanson Zondani, Samy, Abdallah M, Sanabria, Juan, Sanchez-Niño, Maria Dolore, Santos, Itamar S, Santos, João Vasco, Santric Milicevic, Milena M, Sao Jose, Bruno Piassi, Sardana, Mayank, Sarker, Abdur Razzaque, Sarrafzadegan, Nizal, Sartorius, Benn, Sarvi, Shahabeddin, Sathian, Brijesh, Satpathy, Maheswar, Savic, Miloje, Sawant, Arundhati R, Sawhney, Monika, Saxena, Sonia, Sayyah, Mehdi, Scaria, Vinod, Schaeffner, Elke, Schelonka, Kathryn, Schmidt, Maria Inê, Schneider, Ione J C, Schöttker, Ben, Schutte, Aletta Elisabeth, Schwebel, David C, Schwendicke, Falk, Scott, James G, Sekerija, Mario, Sepanlou, Sadaf G, Serván-Mori, Edson, Shabaninejad, Hosein, Shackelford, Katya Anne, Shafieesabet, Azadeh, Shaheen, Amira A, Shaikh, Masood Ali, Shakir, Raad A, Shams-Beyranvand, Mehran, Shamsi, MohammadBagher, Shamsizadeh, Morteza, Sharafi, Heidar, Sharafi, Kiomar, Sharif, Mehdi, Sharif-Alhoseini, Mahdi, Sharma, Meenakshi, Sharma, Jayendra, Sharma, Rajesh, She, Jun, Sheikh, Aziz, Sheth, Kevin N, Shi, Peilin, Shibuya, Kenji, Shifa, Girma Temam, Shiferaw, Mekonnen Sisay, Shigematsu, Mika, Shiri, Rahman, Shirkoohi, Reza, Shiue, Ivy, Shokraneh, Farhad, Shrime, Mark G, Shukla, Sharvari Rahul, Si, Si, Siabani, Soraya, Siddiqi, Tariq J, Sigfusdottir, Inga Dora, Sigurvinsdottir, Rannveig, Silpakit, Nari, Silva, Diego Augusto Santo, Silva, João Pedro, Silveira, Dayane Gabriele Alve, Singam, Narayana Sarma Venkata, Singh, Jasvinder A, Singh, Virendra, Sinha, Anju Pradhan, Sinha, Dhirendra Narain, Sitas, Freddy, Skirbekk, Vegard, Sliwa, Karen, Soares Filho, Adauto Martin, Sobaih, Badr Hasan, Sobhani, Soheila, Soofi, Moslem, Soriano, Joan B, Soyiri, Ireneous N, Sposato, Luciano A, Sreeramareddy, Chandrashekhar T, Srinivasan, Vinay, Srivastava, Rakesh Kumar, Starodubov, Vladimir I, Stathopoulou, Vasiliki, Steel, Nichola, Stein, Dan J, Steiner, Caitlyn, Stewart, Leo G, Stokes, Mark A, Sudaryanto, Agu, Sufiyan, Mu'awiyyah Babale, Sulo, Gerhard, Sunguya, Bruno F, Sur, Patrick John, Sutradhar, Ipsita, Sykes, Bryan L, Sylaja, P.N., Sylte, Dillon O, Szoeke, Cassandra E I, Tabarés-Seisdedos, Rafael, Tabuchi, Takahiro, Tadakamadla, Santosh Kumar, Takahashi, Ken, Tandon, Nikhil, Tassew, Aberash Abay, Tassew, Segen Gebremeskel, Tavakkoli, Mohammad, Taveira, Nuno, Tawye, Nega Yimer, Tehrani-Banihashemi, Arash, Tekalign, Tigist Gashaw, Tekle, Merhawi Gebremedhin, Temesgen, Habtamu, Temsah, Mohamad-Hani, Temsah, Omar, Terkawi, Abdullah Sulieman, Teshale, Manaye Yihune, Tessema, Belay, Teweldemedhin, Mebrahtu, Thakur, Jarnail Singh, Thankappan, Kavumpurathu Raman, Thirunavukkarasu, Sathish, Thomas, Laura Anne, Thomas, Nihal, Thrift, Amanda G, Tilahun, Binyam, To, Quyen G, Tobe-Gai, Ruoyan, Tonelli, Marcello, Topor-Madry, Roman, Topouzis, Foti, Torre, Anna E, Tortajada-Girbés, Miguel, Tovani-Palone, Marcos Roberto, Towbin, Jeffrey A, Tran, Bach Xuan, Tran, Khanh Bao, Tripathi, Suryakant, Tripathy, Srikanth Prasad, Truelsen, Thomas Clement, Truong, Nu Thi, Tsadik, Afewerki Gebremeskel, Tsilimparis, Nikolao, Tudor Car, Lorainne, Tuzcu, E Murat, Tyrovolas, Stefano, Ukwaja, Kingsley Nnanna, Ullah, Irfan, Usman, Muhammad Shariq, Uthman, Olalekan A, Uzun, Selen Begüm, Vaduganathan, Muthiah, Vaezi, Afsane, Vaidya, Gaurang, Valdez, Pascual R, Varavikova, Elena, Varughese, Santosh, Vasankari, Tommi Juhani, Vasconcelos, Ana Maria Nogale, Venketasubramanian, Narayanaswamy, Vidavalur, Ramesh, Villafaina, Santo, Violante, Francesco S, Vladimirov, Sergey Konstantinovitch, Vlassov, Vasily, Vollset, Stein Emil, Vos, Theo, Vosoughi, Kia, Vujcic, Isidora S, Wagner, Gregory R, Wagnew, Fasil Wagnew Shiferaw, Waheed, Yasir, Wang, Yanping, Wang, Yuan-Pang, Wassie, Molla Mesele, Weiderpass, Elisabete, Weintraub, Robert G, Weiss, Daniel J, Weiss, Jordan, Weldegebreal, Fitsum, Weldegwergs, Kidu Gidey, Werdecker, Andrea, Westerman, Ronny, Whiteford, Harvey A, Widecka, Justyna, Widecka, Katarzyna, Wijeratne, Tissa, Winkler, Andrea Sylvia, Wiysonge, Charles Shey, Wolfe, Charles D A, Wondemagegn, Sintayehu Ambachew, Wu, Shouling, Wyper, Grant M A, Xu, Gelin, Yadav, Rajaram, Yakob, Bereket, Yamada, Tomohide, Yan, Lijing L, Yano, Yuichiro, Yaseri, Mehdi, Yasin, Yasin Jemal, Ye, Pengpeng, Yearwood, Jamal A, Yentür, Gökalp Kadri, Yeshaneh, Alex, Yimer, Ebrahim M, Yip, Paul, Yisma, Engida, Yonemoto, Naohiro, Yoon, Seok-Jun, York, Hunter W, Yotebieng, Marcel, Younis, Mustafa Z, Yousefifard, Mahmoud, Yu, Chuanhua, Zachariah, Geevar, Zadnik, Vesna, Zafar, Shamsa, Zaidi, Zoubida, Zaman, Sojib Bin, Zamani, Mohammad, Zare, Zohreh, Zeeb, Hajo, Zeleke, Mulugeta Molla, Zenebe, Zerihun Menlkalew, Zerfu, Taddese Alemu, Zhang, Kai, Zhang, Xueying, Zhou, Maigeng, Zhu, Jun, Zodpey, Sanjay, Zucker, Inbar, Zuhlke, Liesl Joanna J, Lopez, Alan D, Gakidou, Emmanuela, and Murray, Christopher J L
Subjects: Child mortality, Alnæmi, Dánartíðni, Heilsufar, GBD, Börn, Dauði, Almennar lyflækningar, Fullorðnir, General & Internal Medicine, parasitic diseases, Psychology, age-specific mortality, Estimating adult mortality, Medicine (all), HIV, 11 Medical And Health Sciences, General Medicine, All-cause mortality, humanities, Countries, Death, mortality, national, Sálfræði, Health, GBD, mortality, Human medicine, Trends
Abstract: The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the funders. Data for this research was provided by MEASURE Evaluation, funded by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). Views expressed do not necessarily reflect those of USAID, the US Government, or MEASURE Evaluation. The Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics granted the researchers access to relevant data in accordance with licence no. SLN2014-3-170, after subjecting data to processing aiming to preserve the confidentiality of individual data in accordance with the General Statistics Law-2000. The researchers are solely responsible for the conclusions and inferences drawn upon available data., Background Assessments of age-specific mortality and life expectancy have been done by the UN Population Division, Department of Economics and Social Affairs (UNPOP), the United States Census Bureau, WHO, and as part of previous iterations of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD). Previous iterations of the GBD used population estimates from UNPOP, which were not derived in a way that was internally consistent with the estimates of the numbers of deaths in the GBD. The present iteration of the GBD, GBD 2017, improves on previous assessments and provides timely estimates of the mortality experience of populations globally. Methods The GBD uses all available data to produce estimates of mortality rates between 1950 and 2017 for 23 age groups, both sexes, and 918 locations, including 195 countries and territories and subnational locations for 16 countries. Data used include vital registration systems, sample registration systems, household surveys (complete birth histories, summary birth histories, sibling histories), censuses (summary birth histories, household deaths), and Demographic Surveillance Sites. In total, this analysis used 8259 data sources. Estimates of the probability of death between birth and the age of 5 years and between ages 15 and 60 years are generated and then input into a model life table system to produce complete life tables for all locations and years. Fatal discontinuities and mortality due to HIV/AIDS are analysed separately and then incorporated into the estimation. We analyse the relationship between age-specific mortality and development status using the Socio-demographic Index, a composite measure based on fertility under the age of 25 years, education, and income. There are four main methodological improvements in GBD 2017 compared with GBD 2016: 622 additional data sources have been incorporated; new estimates of population, generated by the GBD study, are used; statistical methods used in different components of the analysis have been further standardised and improved; and the analysis has been extended backwards in time by two decades to start in 1950. Findings Globally, 18·7% (95% uncertainty interval 18·4–19·0) of deaths were registered in 1950 and that proportion has been steadily increasing since, with 58·8% (58·2–59·3) of all deaths being registered in 2015. At the global level, between 1950 and 2017, life expectancy increased from 48·1 years (46·5–49·6) to 70·5 years (70·1–70·8) for men and from 52·9 years (51·7–54·0) to 75·6 years (75·3–75·9) for women. Despite this overall progress, there remains substantial variation in life expectancy at birth in 2017, which ranges from 49·1 years (46·5–51·7) for men in the Central African Republic to 87·6 years (86·9–88·1) among women in Singapore. The greatest progress across age groups was for children younger than 5 years; under-5 mortality dropped from 216·0 deaths (196·3–238·1) per 1000 livebirths in 1950 to 38·9 deaths (35·6–42·83) per 1000 livebirths in 2017, with huge reductions across countries. Nevertheless, there were still 5·4 million (5·2–5·6) deaths among children younger than 5 years in the world in 2017. Progress has been less pronounced and more variable for adults, especially for adult males, who had stagnant or increasing mortality rates in several countries. The gap between male and female life expectancy between 1950 and 2017, while relatively stable at the global level, shows distinctive patterns across super-regions and has consistently been the largest in central Europe, eastern Europe, and central Asia, and smallest in south Asia. Performance was also variable across countries and time in observed mortality rates compared with those expected on the basis of development. Interpretation This analysis of age-sex-specific mortality shows that there are remarkably complex patterns in population mortality across countries. The findings of this study highlight global successes, such as the large decline in under-5 mortality, which reflects significant local, national, and global commitment and investment over several decades. However, they also bring attention to mortality patterns that are a cause for concern, particularly among adult men and, to a lesser extent, women, whose mortality rates have stagnated in many countries over the time period of this study, and in some cases are increasing., Research reported in this publication was supported by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, the University of Melbourne, Public Health England, the Norwegian Institute of Public Health, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, the National Institute on Aging of the National Institutes of Health (award P30AG047845), and the National Institute of Mental Health of the National Institutes of Health (award R01MH110163).
Published: 2018
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9. Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors in Child and Adolescent Health, 1990 to 2017: Findings From the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors 2017 Study.

Author: Reiner RC Jr, Olsen HE, Ikeda CT, Echko MM, Ballestreros KE, Manguerra H, Martopullo I, Millear A, Shields C, Smith A, Strub B, Abebe M, Abebe Z, Adhena BM, Adhikari TB, Akibu M, Al-Raddadi RM, Alvis-Guzman N, Antonio CAT, Aremu O, Asgedom SW, Asseffa NA, Avila-Burgos L, Barac A, Bärnighausen TW, Bassat Q, Bensenor IM, Bhutta ZA, Bijani A, Bililign N, Cahuana-Hurtado L, Malta DC, Chang JC, Charlson FJ, Dharmaratne SD, Doku DT, Edessa D, El-Khatib Z, Erskine HE, Ferrari AJ, Fullman N, Gupta R, Hassen HY, Hay SI, Ilesanmi OS, Jacobsen KH, Kahsay A, Kasaeian A, Kassa TD, Kebede S, Khader YS, Khan EA, Khan MN, Khang YH, Khubchandani J, Kinfu Y, Kochhar S, Kokubo Y, Koyanagi A, Defo BK, Lal DK, Kumsa FA, Larson HJ, Leung J, Mamun AA, Mehata S, Melku M, Mendoza W, Mezgebe HB, Miller TR, Moges NA, Mohammed S, Mokdad AH, Monasta L, Neupane S, Nguyen HLT, Ningrum DNA, Nirayo YL, Nong VM, Ogbo FA, Olagunju AT, Olusanya BO, Olusanya JO, Patton GC, Pereira DM, Pourmalek F, Qorbani M, Rafay A, Rai RK, Ram U, Ranabhat CL, Renzaho AMN, Rezai MS, Ronfani L, Roth GA, Safiri S, Sartorius B, Scott JG, Shackelford KA, Sliwa K, Sreeramareddy C, Sufiyan MB, Terkawi AS, Topor-Madry R, Tran BX, Ukwaja KN, Uthman OA, Vollset SE, Weldegwergs KG, Werdecker A, Whiteford HA, Wijeratne T, Yonemoto N, Yotebieng M, Zuhlke LJ, Kyu HH, Naghavi M, Vos T, Murray CJL, and Kassebaum NJ
Subjects: Adolescent, Age Distribution, Child, Child, Preschool, Female, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Male, Quality-Adjusted Life Years, Risk Factors, Sex Distribution, Socioeconomic Factors, Spatio-Temporal Analysis, Wounds and Injuries etiology, Young Adult, Adolescent Health trends, Child Health trends, Global Burden of Disease trends, Global Health trends, Morbidity trends, Wounds and Injuries epidemiology
Abstract: Importance: Understanding causes and correlates of health loss among children and adolescents can identify areas of success, stagnation, and emerging threats and thereby facilitate effective improvement strategies., Objective: To estimate mortality and morbidity in children and adolescents from 1990 to 2017 by age and sex in 195 countries and territories., Design, Setting, and Participants: This study examined levels, trends, and spatiotemporal patterns of cause-specific mortality and nonfatal health outcomes using standardized approaches to data processing and statistical analysis. It also describes epidemiologic transitions by evaluating historical associations between disease indicators and the Socio-Demographic Index (SDI), a composite indicator of income, educational attainment, and fertility. Data collected from 1990 to 2017 on children and adolescents from birth through 19 years of age in 195 countries and territories were assessed. Data analysis occurred from January 2018 to August 2018., Exposures: Being under the age of 20 years between 1990 and 2017., Main Outcomes and Measures: Death and disability. All-cause and cause-specific deaths, disability-adjusted life years, years of life lost, and years of life lived with disability., Results: Child and adolescent deaths decreased 51.7% from 13.77 million (95% uncertainty interval [UI], 13.60-13.93 million) in 1990 to 6.64 million (95% UI, 6.44-6.87 million) in 2017, but in 2017, aggregate disability increased 4.7% to a total of 145 million (95% UI, 107-190 million) years lived with disability globally. Progress was uneven, and inequity increased, with low-SDI and low-middle-SDI locations experiencing 82.2% (95% UI, 81.6%-82.9%) of deaths, up from 70.9% (95% UI, 70.4%-71.4%) in 1990. The leading disaggregated causes of disability-adjusted life years in 2017 in the low-SDI quintile were neonatal disorders, lower respiratory infections, diarrhea, malaria, and congenital birth defects, whereas neonatal disorders, congenital birth defects, headache, dermatitis, and anxiety were highest-ranked in the high-SDI quintile., Conclusions and Relevance: Mortality reductions over this 27-year period mean that children are more likely than ever to reach their 20th birthdays. The concomitant expansion of nonfatal health loss and epidemiological transition in children and adolescents, especially in low-SDI and middle-SDI countries, has the potential to increase already overburdened health systems, will affect the human capital potential of societies, and may influence the trajectory of socioeconomic development. Continued monitoring of child and adolescent health loss is crucial to sustain the progress of the past 27 years.
Published: 2019
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9 results on '"Ikeda CT"'

1. Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors in Child and Adolescent Health, 1990 to 2017: Findings From the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors 2017 Study

2. Diseases, injuries, and risk factors in child and adolescent health, 1990 to 2017: Findings from the global burden of diseases, injuries, and risk factors 2017 study

3. Global, regional, and national disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 359 diseases and injuries and healthy life expectancy (HALE) for 195 countries and territories, 1990-2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017

4. Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors in Child and Adolescent Health, 1990 to 2017 Findings From the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors 2017 Study

5. Measuring progress from 1990 to 2017 and projecting attainment to 2030 of the health-related Sustainable Development Goals for 195 countries and territories: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017

6. Population and fertility by age and sex for 195 countries and territories, 1950-2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017

7. Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 354 diseases and injuries for 195 countries and territories, 1990-2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017

8. Global, regional, and national age-sex-specific mortality and life expectancy, 1950–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017

9. Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors in Child and Adolescent Health, 1990 to 2017: Findings From the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors 2017 Study.

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