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2. Effects of race and ethnicity on perinatal outcomes in high-income and upper-middle-income countries: an individual participant data meta-analysis of 2 198 655 pregnancies

Author

Abdollahain, Mali, Savitri, Ary I., Salvesen, Kjell Åsmund, Bhattacharya, Sohinee, Uiterwaal, Cuno S.P.M., Staff, Annetine C., Andersen, Louise Bjoerkholt, Olive, Elisa Llurba, Daskalakis, George, Macleod, Maureen, Thilaganathan, Baskaran, Ramírez, Javier Arenas, Massé, Jacques, Audibert, Francois, Magnus, Per Minor, Sletner, Line, Baschat, Ahmet, Ohkuchi, Akihide, McAuliffe, Fionnuala M., West, Jane, Askie, Lisa M., Mone, Fionnuala, Farrar, Diane, Zimmerman, Peter A., Smits, Luc J.M., Riddell, Catherine, Kingdom, John C., van de Post, Joris, Illanes, Sebastián E., Holzman, Claudia, van Kuijk, Sander M.J., Carbillon, Lionel, Villa, Pia M., Eskild, Anne, Chappell, Lucy, Prefumo, Federico, Velauthar, Luxmi, Seed, Paul, van Oostwaard, Miriam, Verlohren, Stefan, Poston, Lucilla, Ferrazzi, Enrico, Vinter, Christina A., Nagata, Chie, Brown, Mark, Vollebregt, Karlijn C., Takeda, Satoru, Langenveld, Josje, Widmer, Mariana, Saito, Shigeru, Haavaldsen, Camilla, Carroli, Guillermo, Olsen, Jørn, Wolf, Hans, Zavaleta, Nelly, Eisensee, Inge, Vergani, Patrizia, Lumbiganon, Pisake, Makrides, Maria, Facchinetti, Fabio, Sequeira, Evan, Gibson, Robert, Ferrazzani, Sergio, Frusca, Tiziana, Figueiró-Filho, Ernesto A., Lapaire, Olav, Laivuori, Hannele, Lykke, Jacob A., Conde-Agudelo, Agustin, Galindo, Alberto, Mbah, Alfred, Betran, Ana Pilar, Herraiz, Ignacio, Trogstad, Lill, Smith, Gordon G.S., Steegers, Eric A.P., Salim, Read, Huang, Tianhua, Adank, Annemarijne, Zhang, Jun, Meschino, Wendy S., Browne, Joyce L., Allen, Rebecca E., Da Silva Costa, Fabricio, Klipstein-Grobusch, Kerstin, Jørgensen, Jan Stener, Forest, Jean-Claude, Rumbold, Alice R., Mol, Ben W., Giguère, Yves, Ganzevoort, Wessel, Odibo, Anthony O., Myers, Jenny, Yeo, SeonAe, Teede, Helena J., Goffinet, Francois, McCowan, Lesley, Pajkrt, Eva, Haddad, Bassam G., Dekker, Gustaaf, Kleinrouweler, Emily C., LeCarpentier, Édouard, Roberts, Claire T., Groen, Henk, Skråstad, Ragnhild Bergene, Heinonen, Seppo, Eero, Kajantie, Kenny, Louise C., Anggraini, Dewi, Souka, Athena, Cecatti, Jose, Monterio, Ilza, Coomarasamy, Arri, Smuk, Melanie, Pillalis, Athanasios, Crovetto, Francesca, Souza, Renato, Ann Hawkins, Lee, Gabbay- Benziv, Rinat, Riley, Richard, Snell, Kym, Archer, Lucinda, Figuera, Francesc, van Gelder, Marleen, Sheikh, Jameela, Allotey, John, Kew, Tania, Fernández-Félix, Borja M, Zamora, Javier, Khalil, Asma, and Thangaratinam, Shakila

Published
2022
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5. Pregnancies with 'double-positive' multiple marker screening results: a population-based study in Ontario, Canada.

Author

Bellai-Dussault, Kara, Dougan, Shelley D., Fell, Deshayne B., Hawken, Steven, Huang, Tianhua, Venegas, Carolina Lavin, Little, Julian, Meng, Lynn, Okun, Nan, Walker, Mark, Armour, Christine M., and POTTER, Beth K.

Subjects
PREGNANT women, MULTIPLE pregnancy, PREGNANCY outcomes, PREMATURE labor, POISSON regression
Abstract

Background: Multiple marker screening is offered to pregnant individuals in many jurisdictions to screen for trisomies 21 and 18. On occasion, the result is 'double-positive'—a screening result that is unexpectedly positive for both aneuploidies. Although this occurs rarely, the paucity of available evidence about the outcomes of these pregnancies hinders patient counselling. This study aimed to investigate the association of double-positive results with preterm birth and other adverse perinatal outcomes. Methods: We conducted a population-based retrospective cohort study of pregnancies with an estimated date of delivery from September 1, 2016, to March 31, 2021, using province-wide perinatal registry data in Ontario, Canada. Pregnancies with double-positive screening results where trisomies 21 and 18 were ruled-out were compared to pregnancies with screen negative results for both aneuploidies. We used modified Poisson regression models with robust variance estimation to examine the association of double positive results with preterm birth and secondary outcomes. Results: From 429 540 pregnancies with multiple marker screening, 863 (0.2%) had a double-positive result; trisomies 21 and 18 were ruled out in 374 pregnancies, 203 of which resulted in a live birth. Among the pregnancies in the double-positive group resulting in a live birth, the risk of preterm birth was increased compared to pregnancies with a screen negative result: adjusted risk ratio (aRR) 2.6 (95%CI 2.0-3.6), adjusted risk difference (aRD) 10.5% (95%CI 5.4–15.7). In a sensitivity analysis excluding all diagnosed chromosomal abnormalities, the risk of preterm birth remained elevated to a similar degree: aRR 2.6 (95%CI 1.9–3.7), aRD 10.0% (95%CI 4.8–15.3). The risk of other adverse perinatal outcomes was also higher, including the risk of chromosomal abnormalities other than trisomies 21 and 18: aRR 81.1 (95%CI 69.4–94.8), aRD 34.0% (95%CI 29.2–38.8). Pregnancies with double-positive results were also less likely to result in a live birth, even when excluding all diagnosed chromosomal abnormalities; and at increased risk of adverse perinatal outcomes for those resulting in a live birth. Conclusion: Although rare, double-positive multiple marker screening results are associated with an increased risk of preterm birth and other adverse perinatal outcomes, even when excluding all identified chromosomal abnormalities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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9. Performance of a universal prenatal screening program incorporating cell-free fetal DNA analysis in Ontario, Canada

Author

Dougan, Shelley D., Okun, Nan, Bellai-Dussault, Kara, Meng, Lynn, Howley, Heather E., Huang, Tianhua, Reszel, Jessica, Lanes, Andrea, Walker, Mark C., and Armour, Christine M.

Subjects
Prenatal diagnosis -- Methods -- Evaluation, Health
Abstract

BACKGROUND: The emergence of cellfree fetal DNA (cfDNA) testing technology has disrupted the landscape of prenatal screening for trisomies 21 (T21) and 18 (T18). Publicly funded systems around the world are grappling with how to best integrate this more accurate but costly technology, as there is limited evidence about its incremental value in real-world conditions. The objectives of this study were to describe the population-based performance of Ontario's prenatal screening program, which incorporates publicly funded cfDNA screening for specific indications, and the effect of cfDNA testing on the screening and diagnostic choices made by pregnant people. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective, descriptive cohort study using routinely collected data from Better Outcomes & Registry Network (BORN) Ontario, which captures linked population data for prenatal and neonatal health encounters across Ontario. We included all singleton pregnancies with an estimated due date between Sept. 1, 2016, and Mar. 31, 2019, that underwent publicly funded prenatal screening in Ontario, and a comparison cohort from Apr. 1, 2012, and Mar. 31, 2013. We assessed performance of the screening program for the detection of T21 or T18 by calculating sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value against diagnostic cytogenetic results or birth outcomes. We assessed the impact of the program by calculating the proportion of T21 screen-positive pregnancies undergoing subsequent cfDNA screening and invasive prenatal diagnostic testing. RESULTS: The study cohort included 373682 pregnancies. The prenatal screening program had an uptake of 69.9%, a screen-positive rate and sensitivity of 1.6% and 89.9% for T21, and 0.2% and 80.5% for T18, respectively. The test failure rate for cfDNA screening was 2.2%. Invasive prenatal diagnostic testing decreased from 4.4% in 2012-2013 to 2.4% over the study period; 65.2% of pregnant people who received a screen-positive result from cfDNA testing went on to have invasive prenatal diagnostic testing. INTERPRETATION: This publicly funded screening program, incorporating cfDNA analysis for common aneuploidies, showed robust performance, a substantial reduction in invasive prenatal diagnostic testing and that pregnant people exercise autonomy in their choices about prenatal screening and diagnosis., Offering screening for chromosomal aneuploidies, including trisomies 21 (T21) and 18 (T18), is part of routine prenatal care. To this end, multiple marker screening, which uses a combination of ultrasound [...]

Published
2021
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19. Prenatal screening for preeclampsia: the roles of placental growth factor and pregnancy–associated plasma protein A in the first trimester and placental growth factor and soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1–placental growth factor ratio in the early second trimester

Author

Huang, Tianhua, primary, Rashid, Shamim, additional, Priston, Megan, additional, Rasasakaram, Evasha, additional, Mak-Tam, Ellen, additional, Gibbons, Clare, additional, Mei-Dan, Elad, additional, and Bedford, H. Melanie, additional

Published
2023
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20. Cytogenetic Outcomes Following a Failed Cell-Free DNA Screen: A Population-Based Retrospective Cohort Study of 35,146 Singleton Pregnancies

Author

Bellai-Dussault, Kara, Meng, Lynn, Howley, Heather, Reszel, Jessica, Huang, Tianhua, Lanes, Andrea, Walker, Mark C., Okun, Nan, Dougan, Shelley D., and Armour, Christine M.

Abstract

(Abstracted from Am J Obstet Gynecol2023;229:168.e1–e8)Cell-free DNA (cfDNA) screening is a form of prenatal genetic screening for aneuploidies. This method boasts lower false-positive rates than multiple-marker screening methods and is now commonly recommended.

Published
2024
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24. Highly dispersed CeO2– nanoparticles with rich oxygen vacancies enhance photocatalytic performance of g-C3N4 toward methyl orange degradation under visible light irradiation

Author

Huang Tianhua, Min Zhang, Shuang Liao, Huawen Hu, Xuejun Xu, Xiaohong Hu, Yisheng Xu, and Dongchu Chen

Subjects
Materials science, Nanoparticle, chemistry.chemical_element, General Chemistry, Photochemistry, Oxygen, Catalysis, chemistry.chemical_compound, Adsorption, chemistry, Geochemistry and Petrology, Photocatalysis, Methyl orange, Degradation (geology), Visible spectrum
Abstract

CeO2/g-C3N4 photocatalysts have attracted tremendous attention in the photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants. The design and construction of highly active CeO2/g-C3N4 photocatalysts without harsh conditions is still challenged. Herein, highly dispersed CeO2–x nanoparticles with rich oxygen vacancies were successfully precipitated on the surface of g-C3N4 under mild conditions. The fabricated CeO2–x/g-C3N4 exhibits remarkable activity and stability for photocatalytic degradation of MO pollutant. The optimal rate constant of MO degradation over CeO2–x/g-C3N4 is about 0.031 min–1, which is three times higher than that of g-C3N4. A negligible activity decrease is observed after three cycling runs. The enhanced catalytic performance can be ascribed to the excellent dispersion of CeO2–x with rich oxygen vacancies that benefit O2 adsorption and visible light absorption. In addition, the proper band alignment between CeO2–x and g-C3N4 is conducive to the highly efficient separation of photogenerated electron-hole pairs.

Published
2022

28. Effects of race and ethnicity on perinatal outcomes in high-income and upper-middle-income countries: an individual participant data meta-analysis of 2 198 655 pregnancies

Author

Sheikh, Jameela, primary, Allotey, John, additional, Kew, Tania, additional, Fernández-Félix, Borja M, additional, Zamora, Javier, additional, Khalil, Asma, additional, Thangaratinam, Shakila, additional, Abdollahain, Mali, additional, Savitri, Ary I., additional, Salvesen, Kjell Åsmund, additional, Bhattacharya, Sohinee, additional, Uiterwaal, Cuno S.P.M., additional, Staff, Annetine C., additional, Andersen, Louise Bjoerkholt, additional, Olive, Elisa Llurba, additional, Daskalakis, George, additional, Macleod, Maureen, additional, Thilaganathan, Baskaran, additional, Ramírez, Javier Arenas, additional, Massé, Jacques, additional, Audibert, Francois, additional, Magnus, Per Minor, additional, Sletner, Line, additional, Baschat, Ahmet, additional, Ohkuchi, Akihide, additional, McAuliffe, Fionnuala M., additional, West, Jane, additional, Askie, Lisa M., additional, Mone, Fionnuala, additional, Farrar, Diane, additional, Zimmerman, Peter A., additional, Smits, Luc J.M., additional, Riddell, Catherine, additional, Kingdom, John C., additional, van de Post, Joris, additional, Illanes, Sebastián E., additional, Holzman, Claudia, additional, van Kuijk, Sander M.J., additional, Carbillon, Lionel, additional, Villa, Pia M., additional, Eskild, Anne, additional, Chappell, Lucy, additional, Prefumo, Federico, additional, Velauthar, Luxmi, additional, Seed, Paul, additional, van Oostwaard, Miriam, additional, Verlohren, Stefan, additional, Poston, Lucilla, additional, Ferrazzi, Enrico, additional, Vinter, Christina A., additional, Nagata, Chie, additional, Brown, Mark;, additional, Vollebregt, Karlijn C., additional, Takeda, Satoru, additional, Langenveld, Josje, additional, Widmer, Mariana, additional, Saito, Shigeru, additional, Haavaldsen, Camilla, additional, Carroli, Guillermo, additional, Olsen, Jørn, additional, Wolf, Hans, additional, Zavaleta, Nelly, additional, Eisensee, Inge, additional, Vergani, Patrizia, additional, Lumbiganon, Pisake, additional, Makrides, Maria, additional, Facchinetti, Fabio, additional, Sequeira, Evan, additional, Gibson, Robert, additional, Ferrazzani, Sergio, additional, Frusca, Tiziana, additional, Figueiró-Filho, Ernesto A., additional, Lapaire, Olav, additional, Laivuori, Hannele, additional, Lykke, Jacob A., additional, Conde-Agudelo, Agustin, additional, Galindo, Alberto, additional, Mbah, Alfred, additional, Betran, Ana Pilar, additional, Herraiz, Ignacio, additional, Trogstad, Lill, additional, Smith, Gordon G.S., additional, Steegers, Eric A.P., additional, Salim, Read, additional, Huang, Tianhua, additional, Adank, Annemarijne, additional, Zhang, Jun, additional, Meschino, Wendy S., additional, Browne, Joyce L., additional, Allen, Rebecca E., additional, Da Silva Costa, Fabricio, additional, Klipstein-Grobusch, Kerstin, additional, Jørgensen, Jan Stener, additional, Forest, Jean-Claude, additional, Rumbold, Alice R., additional, Mol, Ben W., additional, Giguère, Yves, additional, Ganzevoort, Wessel, additional, Odibo, Anthony O., additional, Myers, Jenny, additional, Yeo, SeonAe, additional, Teede, Helena J., additional, Goffinet, Francois, additional, McCowan, Lesley, additional, Pajkrt, Eva, additional, Haddad, Bassam G., additional, Dekker, Gustaaf, additional, Kleinrouweler, Emily C., additional, LeCarpentier, Édouard, additional, Roberts, Claire T., additional, Groen, Henk, additional, Skråstad, Ragnhild Bergene, additional, Heinonen, Seppo, additional, Eero, Kajantie, additional, Kenny, Louise C., additional, Anggraini, Dewi, additional, Souka, Athena, additional, Cecatti, Jose, additional, Monterio, Ilza, additional, Coomarasamy, Arri, additional, Smuk, Melanie, additional, Pillalis, Athanasios, additional, Crovetto, Francesca, additional, Souza, Renato, additional, Ann Hawkins, Lee, additional, Gabbay- Benziv, Rinat, additional, Riley, Richard, additional, Snell, Kym, additional, Archer, Lucinda, additional, Figuera, Francesc, additional, and van Gelder, Marleen, additional

Published
2022
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29. Investigation on the prevalence and influencing factors of myopia among children and adolescents in Liyang city

Author

Chen, Chunming, Shao, Yan, Zhong, Hong, Huang, Tianhua, Shen, Jun, Xu, Qian, Qing, Chengyao, Liu, Zehao, Sun, Wenxiu, Li, Min, and Shi, Wei

Subjects
Original Article
Abstract

Objective: To investigate the prevalence of myopia among children and adolescents in a local area (Liyang City) of China and analyze the influencing factors, so as to formulate corresponding preventive measures. Methods: A questionnaire survey was conducted, mainly investigating subjects’ age, gender, residence (urban/rural areas), parental myopia, daily time spent outdoors, daily sleep time, distance between computer screen and eyes, less than one punch (10 cm) from the chest to the edge of the desk when reading and writing, one inch (3 cm) between finger and pen tip when writing, number of in-school physical education (PE) classes, length of TV watching, and size of TV. The myopia of all participants was recorded. Results: This study enrolled 7,948 children and adolescents, including 4,733 (59.55%) cases of myopia, 1,025 (12.90%) of astigmatism, 251 (3.16%) of hyperopia, and 699 (8.79%) of anisometropia respectively. There were 2,519 (53.22%) cases of myopia in the left eye and 2,214 (46.78%) in the right eye. Low, moderate, and high myopia were determined in 2,682 (56.67%), 1,583 (33.45%), and 468 (9.89%), respectively. In terms of spherical equivalent (SEQ), a statistically lower SEQ was observed in urban areas (-1.56±0.46 d) versus suburban counties (-1.17±0.33 d), and in females (-1.68±0.30 d) compared with males (-1.17±0.44 d). The mean SEQ gradually decreased with age. The prevalence of myopia was 63.84% (2,436/3,816) in females, statistically higher than that of 55.59% (2,197/4,132) in males (χ(2)=56.00, P < 0.0001). The incidence of myopia was statistically higher in urban areas (67.93% [3,321/4,889]) versus rural areas (46.16% [1,412/3,059]). Parental myopia, one inch between finger and pen tip when writing, daily time spent outdoors, daily sleep time, distance between computer screen and eyes, less than one punch from the chest to the edge of the desk when reading and writing, number of in-school PE classes, and daily length of TV watching were significantly correlated with the occurrence of myopia. Conclusions: Parents are advised to pay attention to daily time spent outdoors, sleep time, distance between the computer screen and the eyes, distance between the chest and the edge of the table when reading and writing, and length of TV watching of their children. As far as schools are concerned, PE activity time should be properly maintained to ensure that children have enough outdoor exercise time to reduce eye fatigue.

Published
2022

45. Degradation of Reinforced Concrete Beams Subjected to Sustained Loading and Multi-Environmental Factors.

Author

Li, Shengyuan, Lv, Henglin, Huang, Tianhua, Zhang, Zhigang, Yao, Jin, and Ni, Xin

Subjects
DETERIORATION of concrete, CONCRETE beams, STEEL bars, REINFORCED concrete, STEEL corrosion, COMPRESSIVE strength, TENSILE strength
Abstract

In the process of service, reinforced concrete structures have to bear both load and multi-environmental factors. The deterioration of reinforced concrete beams is critical to the durability, safety, and sustainability of reinforced concrete structures. The main aim of the present research is to determine the degradation mechanism of reinforced concrete beams subjected to sustained loading and multi-environmental factors. Reinforced concrete beam specimens were prepared, loaded and then exerted multi-environmental factors. At the end of each degradation period, the degradation of concrete (chemical contents of concrete beam surfaces, carbonation depth, compressive strength and maximum cracks) and the corrosion of steel bars (corrosion ratio and tensile strength) were continuously measured. Moreover, degraded reinforced concrete beams were flexural loaded in four-point bending failure tests. The degradation mechanism of reinforced concrete beams subjected to sustained loading and multi-environmental factors was analyzed. Thus, this study can promote a comprehensive understanding of reinforced concrete beams subjected to sustained loading and multi-environmental factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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47. Data Resource Profile: Better Outcomes Registry & Network (BORN) Ontario

Author

Murphy, Malia S Q, primary, Fell, Deshayne B, additional, Sprague, Ann E, additional, Corsi, Daniel J, additional, Dougan, Shelley, additional, Dunn, Sandra I, additional, Holmberg, Vivian, additional, Huang, Tianhua, additional, Johnson, Moya, additional, Kotuba, Michael, additional, Bisnaire, Lise, additional, Chakraborty, Pranesh, additional, Richardson, Susan, additional, Teitelbaum, Mari, additional, and Walker, Mark C, additional

Published
2021
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