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9. Action Mechanisms of Postbiotics and Their Applications in Food Field

Author

XIE Yingying, PANG Xu, ZHOU Haiyong, XU Jian, QI Jiaojiao, ZHU Jianfeng, LI Xueling, YANG Meiyan, HU Wenfeng

Subjects
postbiotics, heat-killed lactic acid bacteria, action mechanism, food, application, Food processing and manufacture, TP368-456
Abstract

Postbiotics are inanimate microbial cells and/or their components as well as microecological preparations made from their metabolites, which are beneficial to the health of the host. Postbiotics can regulate intestinal microbial balance, enhance immunity, and have anti-inflammatory and antibacterial effects. Compared with probiotics, living bacterial cells, postbiotics are safer, and more stable, effective and convenient. This article summarizes the origin, microbial sources, preparation methods and advantages of postbiotics, and elucidates the mechanisms of action of postbiotics in comparison with those of probiotics. In addition, it introduces readers to the applications of postbiotics as functional food supplements, food quality improvers, food preservatives and detoxifying agents in foods. We believe that as the definition, classification, and functional components of postbiotics become clearer, they will be more widely used in the fields of foods, nutraceuticals, foods for special medical purpose, infant foods, and personal care products. The development of postbiotics will also promote the leapfrog development of basic and applied science.

Published
2024
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16. Preface

Author

Song, Yongchen, primary, Chen, Cong, additional, and Hu, Wenfeng, additional

Published
2024
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50. Dual blockage of STAT3 and ERK1/2 eliminates radioresistant GBM cells

Author

Xie, Bowen, Zhang, Lu, Hu, Wenfeng, Fan, Ming, Jiang, Nian, Duan, Yumei, Jing, Di, Xiao, Wenwu, Fragoso, Ruben C, Lam, Kit S, Sun, Lun-Quan, and Li, Jian Jian

Subjects
Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Medicinal and Biomolecular Chemistry, Chemical Sciences, Biological Sciences, Orphan Drug, Brain Cancer, Radiation Oncology, Cancer, Brain Disorders, Rare Diseases, Neurosciences, Animals, Cell Line, Tumor, Disease Models, Animal, Enzyme Activation, Gene Expression, Genes, Reporter, Glioblastoma, Humans, Mice, Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1, Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3, Mutation, Prognosis, Radiation Tolerance, STAT3 Transcription Factor, GBM, Radiotherapy, Radioresistance, STAT3, ERK1/2, Tumor regrowth, Medical Biochemistry and Metabolomics, Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biochemistry and cell biology, Medicinal and biomolecular chemistry
Abstract

Radiotherapy (RT) is the major modality for control of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), the most aggressive brain tumor in adults with poor prognosis and low patient survival rate. To improve the RT efficacy on GBM, the mechanism causing tumor adaptive radioresistance which leads to the failure of tumor control and lethal progression needs to be further elucidated. Here, we conducted a comparative analysis of RT-treated recurrent tumors versus primary counterparts in GBM patients, RT-treated orthotopic GBM tumors xenografts versus untreated tumors and radioresistant GBM cells versus wild type cells. The results reveal that activation of STAT3, a well-defined redox-sensitive transcriptional factor, is causally linked with GBM adaptive radioresistance. Database analysis also agrees with the worse prognosis in GBM patients due to the STAT3 expression-associated low RT responsiveness. However, although the radioresistant GBM cells can be resensitized by inhibition of STAT3, a fraction of radioresistant cells can still survive the RT combined with STAT3 inhibition or CRISPR/Cas9-mediated STAT3 knockout. A complementally enhanced activation of ERK1/2 by STAT3 inhibition is identified responsible for the survival of the remaining resistant tumor cells. Dual inhibition of ERK1/2 and STAT3 remarkably eliminates resistant GBM cells and inhibits tumor regrowth. These findings demonstrate a previously unknown feature ofSTAT3-mediated ERK1/2 regulation and an effective combination of two targets in resensitizing GBM to RT.

Published
2019

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