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Both silicone gel and quercetin are effective in scar treatment but have different action mechanisms. Quercetin is mainly applied in the gel form and can lead to poor adhesion of silicone gel sheet; therefore, they cannot be combined in clinical use. In this study, a silicone gel sheet that releases quercetin in a sustained manner for 48 hours was successfully developed. Four round scars (Ø: 1 cm) were made in the ears of New Zealand albino rabbits (n = 10). After scar healing, the rabbits were divided into four groups: blank control group with no treatment, silicone gel sheet group with dressing change every 2 days, quercetin group with dressing change three times daily, and combination treatment group with dressing change every 2 days. Scar assessment was performed 3 months later. Transepidermal water loss showed no difference between the combination treatment group and the silicone gel sheet group, but was lower than that in the quercetin group and the blank control group. Immunohistochemistry of CD 31 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen showed the following results: combination treatment group < silicone gel sheet group = quercetin group < blank control group. Polymerase chain reaction results showed that the expression of type-I and type-III collagen in the combination treatment group and the quercetin group was significantly lower than that in the other two groups. Thus, quercetin-modified silicone gel sheet combines the advantages of the two treatments and is more effective at inhibiting cell proliferation in scar tissue than either of the two treatments alone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to evaluate burn-related variations of inflammation and immunity. Fifty-five mice were divided randomly into sham burn and burn groups. Eighty-seven hospitalized burn patients were also reviewed. In mice, neutrophils and monocytes were elevated significantly on post burn day (PBD 1). Lymphocytes were reduced on PBDs 1 and 3. Levels of serum tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 were highest on PBD 1. Interleukin-1β levels were the highest on PBD 3. On PBD 3, CD4CD25T regulatory cells/CD4 cells in spleen were higher. On PBDs 1, 3, 7, and 14, percentage of splenic dendritic cells were significantly lower than the sham burn group. In patients, neutrophils and monocytes were significantly elevated on PBD 1. Levels declined but remained elevated at most days to PBD 7. Lymphocytes in burn groups 1 and 2 were reduced on PBDs 1 and 3, respectively. Our results exhibited that severe burn injury initiated a hyperinflammatory response and immunosuppression. PBDs 1 to 3 were important for changes in inflammation and immunosuppression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim Patients and Methods Results Conclusion This study aims to investigate the role of recombinant human type III collagen (RHC3) in preventing abdominal adhesion.The amino acid sequence was analysed to determine the content of GPP fragments. RHC3 was co‐cultured with macrophages, and the phenotypic classification of macrophages was based on immunofluorescence detection of inducible nitric oxide synthase for M1 macrophages and arginase 1 for M2 macrophages. This approach was used to assess the impact of RHC3 on promoting M2 polarisation. Levels of inflammatory factor levels, including interleukin 1‐beta (IL‐1β), tumour necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α), and IL‐10, were quantified using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay to evaluate the improvement in inflammatory response. The capability of RHC3 to prevent abdominal adhesions was assessed by rinsing the abdominal cavity in an animal model.RHC3 contains GPP fragments that account for over 5% of its amino acid sequence. Cell studies indicated that RHC3 induced M2 polarisation in macrophages, significantly reduced levels of pro‐inflammatory factors (IL‐1β and TNF‐α), and significantly increased levels of the anti‐inflammatory factor IL‐10. Similarly, animal studies demonstrated a significant reduction in abdominal adhesion scores.These results suggest that RHC3 exhibits notable inflammation‐ameliorating activity and effectively prevents abdominal adhesions when used as a lavage solution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]