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Autophagy is a cellular process that involves the degradation and recycling of cellular components, including damaged proteins and organelles. It is an important mechanism for maintaining cellular homeostasis and has been implicated in various diseases, including cancer. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a class of RNA molecules that do not code for proteins but instead play regulatory roles in gene expression. Emerging evidence suggests that lncRNAs can influence autophagy and contribute to the development and progression of colorectal cancer (CRC). Several lncRNAs have been identified as key players in modulating autophagy in CRC. The dysregulation of autophagy and non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) in CRC suggests a complex interplay between these two factors in the pathogenesis of the disease. Modulating autophagy may sensitize cancer cells to existing therapies or improve the efficacy of new treatment approaches. Additionally, targeting specific lncRNAs involved in autophagy regulation could potentially be used as a therapeutic intervention to inhibit tumor growth, metastasis, and overcome drug resistance in CRC. In this review, a thorough overview is presented, encompassing the functions and underlying mechanisms of autophagy-related lncRNAs in a range of critical areas within tumor biology. These include cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, invasion, drug resistance, angiogenesis, and radiation resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: In recent years, the development of drug-eluting embolization beads that can be imaged has become a hot research topic in regard to meeting clinical needs. In our previous study, we successfully developed nano-assembled microspheres (NAMs) for multimodal imaging purposes. NAMs can not only be visualized under CT/MR/Raman imaging but can also load clinically required doses of doxorubicin. It is important to systematically compare the pharmacokinetics of NAMs with those of commercially available DC Beads and CalliSpheres to evaluate the clinical application potential of NAMs. Methods: In our study, we compared NAMs with two types of drug-eluting beads (DEBs) in terms of irinotecan, drug-loading capacity, release profiles, microsphere diameter variation, and morphological characteristics. Results: Our results indicate that NAMs had an irinotecan loading capacity similar to those of DC Beads and CalliSpheres but exhibited better sustained release in vitro. Conclusion: NAMs have great potential for application in transcatheter arterial chemoembolization for the treatment of colorectal cancer liver metastases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The progress of visceral artery aneurysms (VAAs) after the endovascular repair of artery aneurysms is often accompanies by the potential risks of stent fracture. The clinical reported cases of VAAs stent fractures with stent displacement were extremely rare but severe complication, particularly for the superior mesenteric artery aneurysm (SMAA). Method: We here reported a 62-year-old female patient with recurrent symptoms of SMAA 2 years after the successful endovascular repair using coil embolization and two partial overlapping stent-grafts in SMAA. The open surgery was performed instead of secondary endovascular intervention. Result and conclusion: The patient experienced a good recovery. As one of the complications after endovascular repair, stent fracture maybe more dangerous than SMAA itself, the stent fracture after endovascular repair treated by open surgery with satisfactory results is alternative and feasible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: There is an association between migraine and dementia, however, their causal relationship remains unclear. This study employed bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) to investigate the potential causal relationship between migraine and dementia and its subtypes: Alzheimer's disease (AD), vascular dementia (VaD), frontotemporal dementia (FTD), and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). Methods: Summary-level statistics data were obtained from publicly available genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for both migraine and five types of dementia. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with migraine and each dementia subtype were selected. MR analysis was conducted using inverse variance weighting (IVW) and weighted median (WM) methods. Sensitivity analyses included Cochran's Q test, MR pleiotropy residual sum and outlier (MR-PRESSO) analysis, the intercept of MR-Egger, and leave-one-out analysis. Results: Migraine showed a significant causal relationship with AD and VaD, whereas no causal relationship was observed with all-cause dementia, FTD, or DLB. Migraine may be a potential risk factor for AD (odds ratio [OR]: 1.09; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.02–0.14; P = 0.007), while VaD may be a potential risk factor for migraine (OR: 1.04; 95% CI: 0.02–0.06; P = 7.760E-5). Sensitivity analyses demonstrated the robustness of our findings. Conclusion: Our study suggest that migraine may have potential causal relationships with AD and VaD. Migraine may be a risk factor for AD, and VaD may be a risk factor for migraine. Our study contributes to unraveling the comprehensive genetic associations between migraine and various types of dementia, and our findings will enhance the academic understanding of the comorbidity between migraine and dementia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ethyl carbamate (EC) is a natural by-product in the production of fermented food and alcoholic beverages and is carcinogenic and genotoxic, posing a significant food safety concern. In this study, Clavispora lusitaniae Cl-p with a strong EC degradation ability was isolated from Daqu rich in microorganisms by using EC as the sole nitrogen source. When 2.5 g/L of EC was added to the fermentation medium, the strain decomposed 47.69% of ethyl carbamate after five days of fermentation. It was unexpectedly found that the strain had the ability to produce aroma and ester, and the esterification power reached 30.78 mg/(g·100 h). When the strain was added to rice wine fermentation, compared with the control group, the EC content decreased by 41.82%, and flavor substances such as ethyl acetate and β-phenylethanol were added. The EC degradation rate of the immobilized crude enzyme in the finished yellow rice wine reached 31.01%, and the flavor substances of yellow rice wine were not affected. The strain is expected to be used in the fermented food industry to reduce EC residue and improve the safety of fermented food. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chitin and chitosan are important structural macromolecules for most fungi and marine crustaceans. The functions and application areas of the two molecules are also adjacent beyond their similar molecular structure, such as tissue engineering and food safety where solution systems are involved. However, the elasticities of chitin and chitosan in solution lack comparison at the molecular level. In this study, the single-molecule elasticities of chitin and chitosan in different solutions are investigated via atomic force microscope (AFM) based single-molecule spectroscopy (SMFS). The results manifest that the two macromolecules share the similar inherent elasticity in DOSM due to their same chain backbone. However, obvious elastic deviations can be observed in aqueous conditions. Especially, a lower pH value (acid environment) is helpful to increase the elasticity of both chitin and chitosan. On the contrary, the tendency of elastic variation of chitin and chitosan in a larger pH value (alkaline environment) shows obvious diversity, which is mainly determined by the side groups. This basic study may produce enlightenment for the design of intelligent chitin and chitosan food packaging and biomedical materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

DC Beads and CalliSpheres are commonly used microspheres in clinical transcatheter arterial chemoembolization, but these microspheres cannot be visualized by themselves. Therefore, in our previous study, we developed multimodal imaging nano-assembled microspheres (NAMs), which are visualized under CT/MR and the location of embolic microspheres can be determined during postoperative review, facilitating the evaluation of embolic areas and guiding subsequent treatment. Moreover, the NAMs can be carried with positively and negatively charged drugs, increasing the choice of drugs. Systematic comparative analysis of the pharmacokinetics of NAMs with commercially available DC Bead and CalliSpheres microspheres is important for evaluating the clinical application of NAMs. In our study, we compared the similarities and differences between NAMs and two drug-eluting beads (DEBs) in respect to drug loading capacity, drug release profiles, diameter variation and morphological characteristics. The results indicate that NAMs had good drug delivery and release characteristics as well as DC Bead and CalliSpheres in vitro experimental stage. Therefore, NAMs have a good application prospect in transcatheter arterial chemoembolization treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Non-specific adsorption of bioprobes based on surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) technology inevitably endows white blood cells (WBC) in the peripheral blood with Raman signals, which greatly interfere the identification accuracy of circulating tumor cells (CTCs). In this study, an innovative strategy was proposed to effectively identify CTCs by using SERS technology assisted by a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Firstly, a magnetic Fe3O4–Au complex SERS bioprobe was developed, which could effectively capture the triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells and endow the tumor cells with distinct SERS signals. Then, the ROC curve obtained based on the comparison of SERS intensity of TNBC cells and WBC was used to construct a tumor cell identification model. The merit of the model was that the detection sensitivity and specificity could be intelligently switched according to different identification purposes such as accurate diagnosis or preliminary screening of tumor cells. Finally, the difunctional recognition ability of the model for accurate diagnosis and preliminary screening of tumor cells was further validated by using the healthy human blood added with TNBC cells and blood samples of real tumor patients. This novel difunctional identification strategy provides a new perspective for identification of CTCs based on the SERS technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]