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308 results on '"Haydon D"'

1. Critical analysis of rights based approaches to children 'at risk of offending' in Northern Ireland

Author

Haydon, D.

Subjects
364.36
Abstract

Following the 1998 Good Friday! Belfast Agreement, Northern Ireland has experienced unprecedented social and political change, its communities in transition from armed conflict. In 2007 devolution of powers from the British Government to the Northern Ireland Assembly was finally secured, with policing and criminal justice devolved in 2010. Since the late 1990s, the UK Government has consolidated 'early intervention' strategies targeting children and young people considered 'at risk' of 'negative outcomes', including their involvement in 'anti-social' or 'offending' behaviour. Pre-devolution these strategies influenced policy development in Northern Ireland, albeit with significant differences reflecting the jurisdiction's particular circumstances. The thesis examines the theoretical underpinnings of early intervention aimed at prevention of offending and the impact of 'risk' discourses in the development of early intervention programmes. Adopting a critical the, theoretical framework, it synthesises debates about social constructions of childhood, promotion of a children's rights agenda and the overarching dynamic of structural inequality. Following a detailed policy review, the primary research explores the implementation of Northern Ireland's 'Early Intervention for the Prevention of Offending' Programme, introduced in 2008. Funded by the Department of Health, Social Services and Public Safety and the (then) Northern Ireland Office, this Programme was delivered by three independent NGOs through five discrete Projects. Conducted in 2010, the qualitative research included semi-structured interviews with children aged 8-14, focus groups with Project staff and structured 'interviews with Project Workers - mapping the Programme's development and implementation from contrasting perspectives. Central to the thesis is the impact on state policy and professional practice of adult assumptions regarding 'normal' and 'acceptable' behaviour for 'children' and 'youth'. The research findings are critically analysed in the final chapter to draw out tensions and contradictions implicit in interventions that seek to address the complex needs and entitlements of children whose lives and experiences reflect the dynamics of structural inequalities.

Published
2014

9. Disrupted seasonal biology impacts health, food security and ecosystems

Author

Stevenson, T. J., Visser, M. E., Arnold, W., Barrett, P., Biello, S., Dawson, A., Denlinger, D. L., Dominoni, D., Ebling, F. J., Elton, S., Evans, N., Ferguson, H. M., Foster, R. G., Hau, M., Haydon, D. T., Hazlerigg, D. G., Heideman, P., Hopcraft, J. G. C., Jonsson, N. N., Kronfeld-Schor, N., Kumar, V., Lincoln, G. A., MacLeod, R., Martin, S. A. M., Martinez-Bakker, M., Nelson, R. J., Reed, T., Robinson, J. E., Rock, D., Schwartz, W. J., Steffan-Dewenter, I., Tauber, E., Thackeray, S. J., Umstatter, C., Yoshimura, T., and Helm, B.

Published
2015

10. Overviews of Pathogen Emergence: Which Pathogens Emerge, When and Why?

Author

Cleaveland, S., Haydon, D. T., Taylor, L., Compans, R. W., editor, Cooper, M. D., editor, Kyoto, T. Honjo, editor, Koprowski, H., editor, Basel, F. Melchers, editor, Oldstone, M. B. A., editor, Oslo, S. Olsnes, editor, Vogt, P. K., editor, Childs, James E., editor, Mackenzie, John S., editor, and Richt, Jürgen A., editor

Published
2007
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16. Low-coverage vaccination strategies for the conservation of endangered species

Author

Haydon, D. T., Randall, D. A., Matthews, L., Knobel, D. L., Tallents, L. A., Gravenor, M. B., Williams, S. D., Pollinger, J. P., Cleaveland, S., Woolhouse, M. E. J., Sillero-Zubiri, C., Marino, J., Macdonald, D. W., and Laurenson, M. K.

Subjects
Environmental issues, Science and technology, Zoology and wildlife conservation
Abstract

Author(s): D. T. Haydon (corresponding author) [1]; D. A. Randall [2, 3]; L. Matthews [4]; D. L. Knobel [3, 4]; L. A. Tallents [2, 3]; M. B. Gravenor [5]; S. [...]

Published
2006
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19. Hysteresis

Author

Beisner, B.E., primary, Haydon, D., additional, and Cuddington, K.L., additional

Published
2008
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26. Detection of Rare Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles by Active and Passive Surveillance Approaches

Author

Mather, A, Reeve, R, Mellor, D J, Matthews, L, Reid-Smith, R J, Dutil, L, Haydon, D T, and Reid, S W J

Abstract

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) surveillance systems are generally not specifically designed to detect emerging resistances and usually focus primarily on resistance to individual drugs. Evaluating the diversity of resistance, using ecological metrics, allows the assessment of sampling protocols with regard to the detection of rare phenotypes, comprising combinations of resistances. Surveillance data of phenotypic AMR of Canadian poultry Salmonella Heidelberg and swine Salmonella Typhimurium var. 5- were used to contrast active (representative isolates derived from healthy animals) and passive (diagnostic isolates) surveillance and assess their suitability for detecting emerging resistance patterns. Although in both datasets the prevalences of resistance to individual antimicrobials were not significantly different between the two surveillance systems, analysis of the diversity of entire resistance phenotypes demonstrated that passive surveillance of diagnostic isolates detected more unique phenotypes. Whilst the most appropriate surveillance method will depend on the relevant objectives, under the conditions of this study, passive surveillance of diagnostic isolates was more effective for the detection of rare and therefore potentially emerging resistance phenotypes.

Published
2016

33. The impact of host species and vector control measures on the fitness of African malaria vectors

Author

Lyimo, I.N., Haydon, D., Russell, T.L., Mbina, K.F., Daraja, A.A., Mbehela, E.M., Reeve, R., and Ferguson, H.

Subjects
QL, parasitic diseases
Abstract

Many malaria vector mosquitoes in Africa have an extreme preference for feeding on humans. This specialization allows them to sustain much higher levels of transmission than elsewhere, but there is little understanding of the evolutionary forces that drive this behaviour. In Tanzania, we used a semi-field system to test whether the well-documented preferences of the vectors An. arabiensis and An. gambiae s.s. for cattle and humans respectively are predicted by the fitness they obtain from host-seeking on these species relative to other available hosts. Mosquito fitness was contrasted when humans were fully exposed, and when they were protected by a typical bednet. The fitness of both vectors varied between host species. The predicted relationship between host preference and fitness was confirmed in An. arabiensis, but not in An. gambiae s.s. whose fitness was similar on humans and other mammals. Use of typical, imperfect bednets generated only minor reductions in An. gambiae s.s. feeding success and fitness on humans, but was predicted to generate a significant reduction in the lifetime reproductive success of An. arabiensis on human relative to cows. This supports the hypothesis that such human-protective measures could additionally benefit malaria control by increasing selection for zoophily in vectors.

Published
2013

34. Streptococcus agalactiae Multilocus sequence type 261 is associated with mortalities in the emerging Ghanaian tilapia industry.

Author

Verner‐Jeffreys, D. W., Wallis, T. J., Cano Cejas, I., Ryder, D., Haydon, D. J., Domazoro, J F, Dontwi, J., Field, T. R., Adjei‐Boteng, D., Wood, G., Bean, T., and Feist, S W

Subjects
FISH diseases, TILAPIA, AQUACULTURE, FISHERIES, PATHOGENIC microorganisms
Abstract

The article presents a study that examines how Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L.) aquaculture can offer a sustainable source of food, employment and promote economic activity in Ghana and elsewhere in Africa. It notes that farmers had variable experiences of medication, including in-feed application of antibiotics like oxytetracycline and amoxicillin. Antibiotics were mainly found to lower mortality, but only so long as they were actively administered.

Published
2018
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35. The fitness of African malaria vectors in the presence and limitation of host behaviour

Author

Lyimo, I.N., Haydon, D., Mbina, K.F., Daraja, A.A., Mbehela, E.M., Reeve, R., and Ferguson, H.

Subjects
QL, parasitic diseases
Abstract

Background\ud Host responses are important sources of selection upon the host species range of ectoparasites and phytophagous insects. However little is known about the role of host responses in defining the host species range of malaria vectors. This study aimed to estimate the relative importance of host behaviour to the feeding success and fitness of African malaria vectors, and assess its ability to predict their known host species preferences in nature.\ud Methods\ud Paired evaluations of the feeding success and fitness of African vectors Anopheles arabiensis and Anopheles gambiae s.s in the presence and limitation of host behaviour were conducted in a semi-field system (SFS) at Ifakara Health Institute, Tanzania. In one set of trials, mosquitoes were released within the SFS and allowed to forage overnight on a host that was free to exhibit natural behaviour in response to insect biting. In the other, mosquitoes were allowed to feed directly on from the skin surface of immobile hosts. The feeding success and subsequent fitness of vectors under these conditions were investigated on 6 host types (humans, calves, chickens, cows, dogs and goats) to assess whether physical movements of preferred host species (cattle for An. arabiensis, humans for An. gambiae s.s.) were less effective at preventing mosquito bites than those of common alternatives.\ud Results\ud Anopheles arabiensis generally had greater feeding success when applied directly to host skin than when foraging on unrestricted hosts (in five of six host species). However, An. gambiae s.s obtained blood meals from free and restrained hosts with similar success from most host types (four out of six). Overall, the blood meal size, oviposition rate, fecundity and post-feeding survival of mosquito vectors were significantly higher after feeding on hosts free to exhibit behaviour, than those who were immobilized during feeding trials. \ud Conclusions\ud Allowing hosts to move freely during exposure to mosquitoes was associated with moderate reductions in mosquito feeding success, but no detrimental impact to the subsequent fitness of mosquitoes that were able to feed upon them. This suggests that physical defensive behaviours exhibited by common host species including humans do not impose substantial fitness costs on African malaria vectors.

Published
2012

38. PATHOLOGY

Author

Adachi, J.-i., primary, Totake, K., additional, Shirahata, M., additional, Mishima, K., additional, Suzuki, T., additional, Yanagisawa, T., additional, Fukuoka, K., additional, Nishikawa, R., additional, Arimappamagan, A., additional, Manoj, N., additional, Mahadevan, A., additional, Bhat, D., additional, Arvinda, H., additional, Indiradevi, B., additional, Somanna, S., additional, Chandramouli, B., additional, Petterson, S. A., additional, Hermansen, S. K., additional, Dahlrot, R. H., additional, Hansen, S., additional, Kristensen, B. W., additional, Carvalho, F., additional, Jalali, S., additional, Singh, S., additional, Croul, S., additional, Aldape, K., additional, Zadeh, G., additional, Choi, J., additional, Park, S.-H., additional, Khang, S. K., additional, Suh, Y.-L., additional, Kim, S. P., additional, Lee, Y. S., additional, Kim, S. H., additional, Coberly, S., additional, Samayoa, K., additional, Liu, Y., additional, Kiaei, P., additional, Hill, J., additional, Patterson, S., additional, Damore, M., additional, Dahiya, S., additional, Emnett, R., additional, Phillips, J., additional, Haydon, D., additional, Leonard, J., additional, Perry, A., additional, Gutmann, D., additional, Epari, S., additional, Ahmed, S., additional, Gurav, M., additional, Raikar, S., additional, Moiyadi, A., additional, Shetty, P., additional, Gupta, T., additional, Jalali, R., additional, Georges, J., additional, Zehri, A., additional, Carlson, E., additional, Martirosyan, N., additional, Elhadi, A., additional, Nichols, J., additional, Ighaffari, L., additional, Eschbacher, J., additional, Feuerstein, B., additional, Anderson, T., additional, Preul, M., additional, Jensen, K., additional, Nakaji, P., additional, Girardi, H., additional, Monville, F., additional, Carpentier, S., additional, Giry, M., additional, Voss, J., additional, Jenkins, R., additional, Boisselier, B., additional, Frayssinet, V., additional, Poggionovo, C., additional, Catteau, A., additional, Mokhtari, K., additional, Sanson, M., additional, Peyro-Saint-Paul, H., additional, Giannini, C., additional, Hide, T., additional, Nakamura, H., additional, Makino, K., additional, Yano, S., additional, Anai, S., additional, Shinojima, N., additional, Kuroda, J.-i., additional, Takezaki, T., additional, Kuratsu, J.-i., additional, Higuchi, F., additional, Matsuda, H., additional, Iwata, K., additional, Ueki, K., additional, Kim, P., additional, Kong, J., additional, Cooper, L., additional, Wang, F., additional, Gao, J., additional, Teodoro, G., additional, Scarpace, L., additional, Mikkelsen, T., additional, Schniederjan, M., additional, Moreno, C., additional, Saltz, J., additional, Brat, D., additional, Cho, U., additional, Hong, Y.-K., additional, Lober, R., additional, Lu, L., additional, Gephart, M. H., additional, Fisher, P., additional, Miyazaki, M., additional, Nishihara, H., additional, Itoh, T., additional, Kato, M., additional, Fujimoto, S., additional, Kimura, T., additional, Tanino, M., additional, Tanaka, S., additional, Nguyen, N., additional, Moes, G., additional, Villano, J. L., additional, Kanno, H., additional, Kato, Y., additional, Ohnishi, T., additional, Harada, H., additional, Ohue, S., additional, Kouno, S., additional, Inoue, A., additional, Yamashita, D., additional, Okamoto, S., additional, Nitta, M., additional, Muragaki, Y., additional, Maruyama, T., additional, Sawada, T., additional, Komori, T., additional, Saito, T., additional, Okada, Y., additional, Omay, S. B., additional, Gunel, J. M., additional, Clark, V. E., additional, Li, J., additional, Omay, E. Z. E., additional, Serin, A., additional, Kolb, L. E., additional, Hebert, R. M., additional, Bilguvar, K., additional, Ozduman, K., additional, Pamir, M. N., additional, Kilic, T., additional, Baehring, J., additional, Piepmeier, J. M., additional, Brennan, C. W., additional, Huse, J., additional, Gutin, P. H., additional, Yasuno, K., additional, Vortmeyer, A., additional, Gunel, M., additional, Pugh, S., additional, Rogers, C. L., additional, Brachman, D., additional, McMillan, W., additional, Jenrette, J., additional, Barani, I., additional, Shrieve, D., additional, Sloan, A., additional, Mehta, M., additional, Prabowo, A., additional, Iyer, A., additional, Veersema, T., additional, Anink, J., additional, Meeteren, A. S.-v., additional, Spliet, W., additional, van Rijen, P., additional, Ferrier, T., additional, Capper, D., additional, Thom, M., additional, Aronica, E., additional, Chharchhodawala, T., additional, Sable, M., additional, Sharma, M. C., additional, Sarkar, C., additional, Suri, V., additional, Singh, M., additional, Santosh, V., additional, Thota, B., additional, Srividya, M., additional, Sravani, K., additional, Shwetha, S., additional, Arivazhagan, A., additional, Thennarasu, K., additional, Hegde, A., additional, Kondaiah, P., additional, Somasundaram, K., additional, Rao, M., additional, Kumar, V. P., additional, Shastry, A., additional, Narayan, R., additional, Naz, S., additional, Venneti, S., additional, Garimella, M., additional, Sullivan, L., additional, Martinez, D., additional, Heguy, A., additional, Santi, M., additional, Thompson, C., additional, Judkins, A., additional, Voronovich, Z., additional, Chen, L., additional, Clark, K., additional, Walsh, M., additional, Mannas, J., additional, Horbinski, C., additional, Wiestler, B., additional, Holland-Letz, T., additional, Korshunov, A., additional, von Deimling, A., additional, Pfister, S. M., additional, Platten, M., additional, Weller, M., additional, Wick, W., additional, Zieman, G., additional, Dardis, C., additional, and Ashby, L., additional

Published
2013
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48. Overviews of Pathogen Emergence: Which Pathogens Emerge, When and Why?

Author

Compans, R. W., Cooper, M. D., Kyoto, T. Honjo, Koprowski, H., Basel, F. Melchers, Oldstone, M. B. A., Oslo, S. Olsnes, Vogt, P. K., Childs, James E., Mackenzie, John S., Richt, Jürgen A., Cleaveland, S., Haydon, D. T., and Taylor, L.

Abstract

An emerging pathogen has been defined as the causative agent of an infectious disease whose incidence is increasing following its appearance in a new host population or whose incidence is increasing in an existing population as a result of long-term changes in its underlying epidemiology (Woolhouse and Dye 2001). Although we appear to be in a period where novel diseases are appearing and old diseases are spreading at an unprecedented rate, disease emergence per se is not a new phenomenon. It is almost certain that disease emergence is a routine event in the evolutionary ecology of pathogens, and part of a ubiquitous response of pathogen populations to shifting arrays of host species. While our knowledge of emerging diseases is, for the most part, limited to the time span of the human lineage, this history provides us with a modern reflection of these deeper evolutionary processes, and it is clear from this record that at many times throughout human history, demographic and behavioural changes in society have provided opportunities for pathogens to emerge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2007
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