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A series of ultra-microporous copper(i)-1,2,4-triazolate frameworks exhibit moderate C2H2 uptake capacity, high C2H2/CO2 and C2H2/C2H4 separation ability, and remarkably lower isosteric heat of C2H2 adsorption regulated by halogen hydrogen bond.

BACKGROUND Severe bony Bankart lesions are a difficult challenge in clinical treatment and research. The current treatment methods consist mostly of Latarjet-Bristow surgery and its modified procedures. While good results have been achieved, there are also complications such as coracoid fracture, bone graft displacement, and vascular and nerve injury. AIM To analyze the techniques and biomechanical properties of transversely fixing a bone block from the scapular spine using bone allograft pins with suture threads to repair bony Bankart lesions. METHODS Fresh human shoulder joint specimens and a cadaver specimen model for scapular bone grafting with allograft pin fixation for repair of bony Bankart lesions were used. When the humeral rotation angles were 0°, 30°, 60° and 90°, and the axial loads were 30 N, 40 N, and 50 N, the humerus displacement was studied by biomechanical experiments. RESULTS When the angle of external rotation of the humerus was 0°, 30°, 60°, and 90°, with axial loads of 30 N, 40 N, and 50 N, the data of the normal control group, allograft pin repair group, and titanium alloy hollow screw repair group were compared with each other by the q-test, which showed that there were no statistically differences among the three groups (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION The joints repaired with bone block from the scapular spine transversely fixed with allograft bony pins to repair bony Bankart lesions show good mechanical stability. The bone block has similar properties to normal glenohumeral joints in terms of biomechanical stability.

Objective To investigate the outcomes of C‐shaped release around the greater trochanter in gluteal muscle contracture under arthroscopy. Methods From December 2016 to January 2018, 185 patients with gluteal muscle contracture who treated under arthroscopy were reviewed, including 69 males and 116 females. All patients had a history of repeated intramuscular injection into the buttocks. The follow signs were positive in all the patients before surgery: squatting and crouching disability, difficulty in crossing the leg, Ober's sign positive, clicking sound during rotation of the hip. The C‐shaped release around the greater trochanter under arthroscopy was performed in 96 cases (C‐shaped release group) with an average age of 24.6 ± 4.9 years old, and conventional gluteal muscle contracture release under arthroscopy was performed in 89 cases (conventional release group) with an average age of 25.1 ± 5.0 years. The released tissues in the C‐shaped release group: iliotibial band (ITB) about 5 cm distal to the proximal end of the greater trochanter, the contracture tissue near the posterior and superior of the greater trochanter, which depended on both intraoperative physical examination and arthroscopic observation. The released tissues in conventional release group: the contracture tissues in gluteal muscles according to observation under arthroscopy. The gluteal muscle contracture disability scale (GDS) and Visual analogue scale (VAS) were evaluated before surgery and at the last follow‐up. Results The average release time after making arthroscopic operation space for each lower limb were 12.2 ± 3.2 min in the C‐shaped release group, and 21.4 ± 6.1 min in the conventional release group (P = 0.000). All the patients were followed for at least of 2 years after operation. There was one case of wound hematoma in the C‐shaped release group and five cases in the conventional release group(P = 0.079), abductor weakness (IV level)occurred in two patients in the C‐shaped release group and five cases in the conventional release group (P = 0.208). GDS was 49.3 ± 17.3 (22 to 70) in theC‐shaped release group and 48.1 ± 15.6 (23 to 69) in the conventional release group before surgery (P = 0.622), 91.7 ± 5.2 (83 to 100) in the C‐shaped release group and 90.2 ± 6.1 (83 to 98) in the conventional release group (P = 0.073) with difference nearly significant at last follow‐up. Conclusion Arthroscopic C‐shaped release around the greater trochanter had less operation time, acceptable complication occurrence, and it has an optimistic outcome for gluteal muscle contracture under arthroscope., The target area of arthroscopic C‐shaped release was formed by the iliotibial band tissue 5 cm distal to the proximal end of the greater trochanter (A), the contracture tissue nearly posterior (B) and superior (C) of the greater trochanter.

In recent year, optic-fiber optical tweezers were considered as a valuable manipulated tool, allowing for trapping and sorting numerous interest microparticles in biological and microfluidic application. Especially for dual optic-fiber array with misalignment, vortex optical field can be utilized to cause particle realizing periodic orbital rotation, contributing to measure unknown parameters such as torque, viscosity, and angular momentum. Yet, this optic-fiber array with several misalignments creating more vortex fields remains an interesting work for a large range of microparticle trapping and rotation. Therefore, motion profiles of particle exerting by four optic-fibers forming quad-beam were studied by changing offset distance in our numerical model. Compared to dual beam, the array of such four optic-fibers has much more controllable variables, reflecting the asymmetric radial distance relevant to particle. Herein, these motion characteristics relevant to microparticle have been simulated based on ray optics approximation. Finally, dynamic simulations imply that quad-beam can generate two or more vortexes inducing particle to move in orbital rotation, which have revealed different rotational radius, direction, and velocity. As a results, this optic-fiber array may be readily implemented in cellular trapping and manipulation, exploring biophysical properties of different types of cell.

Isopropanol dehydrogenase (IPADH) is one of the most attractive options for nicotinamide cofactor regeneration due to its low cost and simple downstream processing. However, poor thermostability and strict cofactor dependency hinder its practical application for bioconversions. In this study, we simultaneously improved the thermostability (433-fold) and catalytic activity (3.3-fold) of IPADH from Brucella suis via a flexible segment engineering strategy. Meanwhile, the cofactor preference of IPADH was successfully switched from NAD(H) to NADP(H) by 1.23 × 10(6)-fold. When these variants were employed in three typical bioredox reactions to drive the synthesis of important chiral pharmaceutical building blocks, they outperformed the commonly used cofactor regeneration systems (glucose dehydrogenase [GDH], formate dehydrogenase [FDH], and lactate dehydrogenase [LDH]) with respect to efficiency of cofactor regeneration. Overall, our study provides two promising IPADH variants with complementary cofactor specificities that have great potential for wide applications. IMPORTANCE Oxidoreductases represent one group of the most important biocatalysts for synthesis of various chiral synthons. However, their practical application was hindered by the expensive nicotinamide cofactors used. Isopropanol dehydrogenase (IPADH) is one of the most attractive biocatalysts for nicotinamide cofactor regeneration. However, poor thermostability and strict cofactor dependency hinder its practical application. In this work, the thermostability and catalytic activity of an IPADH were simultaneously improved via a flexible segment engineering strategy. Meanwhile, the cofactor preference of IPADH was successfully switched from NAD(H) to NADP(H). The resultant variants show great potential for regeneration of nicotinamide cofactors, and the engineering strategy might serve as a useful approach for future engineering of other oxidoreductases.

Metal-azolate-carboxylate frameworks have great potential for gas adsorption applications because azole ligands with a small size easily construct small pore MOFs with bare −N(H) donor sites. Howev...

Both methane (CH4) and acetylene (C2H2) are important energy source and raw chemicals in many industrial processes. The development of an energy-efficient and environmentally friendly separation and purification strategy for CH4 and C2H2 is necessary. Ultramicroporous metal-organic framework (MOF) materials have shown great success in the separation and purification of small-molecule gases. Herein, the synergy effect of tritopic polytetrazolate and ditopic terephthalate ligands successfully generates a series of isoreticular ultramicroporous cadmium tetrazolate-carboxylate MOF materials (SNNU-13-16) with excellent CH4 and C2H2 purification performance. Except for the uncoordinated tetrazolate N atoms serving as Lewis base sites, the pore size and pore surface of MOFs are systematically engineered by regulating dicarboxylic acid ligands varying from OH-BDC (SNNU-13) to Br-BDC (SNNU-14) to NH2-BDC (SNNU-15) to 1,4-NDC (SNNU-16). Benefiting from the ultramicroporous character (3.8-5.9 A), rich Lewis base N sites, and tunable pore environments, all of these ultramicroporous MOFs exhibit a prominent separation capacity for carbon dioxide (CO2) or C2 hydrocarbons from CH4 and C2H2. Remarkably, SNNU-16 built by 1,4-NDC shows the highest ideal adsorbed solution theory CO2/CH4, ethylene (C2H4)/CH4, and C2H2/CH4 separation selectivity values, which are higher than those of most famous MOFs with or without open metal sites. Dynamic breakthrough experiments show that SNNU-16 can also efficiently separate the C2H2/CO2 mixtures with a gas flow rate of 4 mL min-1 under 1 bar and 298 K. The breakthrough time (18 min g-1) surpasses most best-gas-separation MOFs and nearly all other metal azolate-carboxylate MOF materials under the same conditions. The above prominently CH4 and C2H2 purification abilities of SNNU-13-16 materials were further confirmed by the Grand Canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) simulations.

It is well-known that the formation of ferroalloy with the addition of the second or third metal during the steel-making process usually can improve the performance of the iron. Inspired by ferroalloy materials, it is speculated that the pore environment, framework charge, and catalytic properties of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) could be optimized dramatically via the introduction of ferroalloy-like inorganic building blocks. However, different to ferroalloy, the accurate integration of different metals into one MOF platform is still challenging. Herein, taking advantages of the good compatibility for metals in trigonal prismatic trinuclear cluster, a series of Fe-based alloy-like [M3O(O2C)6] motifs (M3 = Fe3, Fe1.5Ni1.5, Fe1.5Co1.5, Fe1.5Ti1.5, FeCoNi, and FeTiCo) are successfully generated, which further lead to a robust Fe-MOF material family (SNNU-5s). These multicomponent MOFs not only provide a good chance to explore the impact of pore environment on gas adsorption/separation but also offer an opportunity to the efficient electrocatalytic reaction directly. Accordingly, compared with the SNNU-5-Fe parent structure, the pore characters of heterometallic SNNU-5 MOFs are clearly regulated by the type of alloy-like building blocks. SNNU-5-FeTi displays more superior gas separation performance for CO2/CH4, C2H2/CH4, C2H4/CH4, and C2H2/CO2 gas mixtures. What is more, benefited from the multimetallic active sites and their catalytic synergy, FeCoNi-ternary alloy-like cluster-based SNNU-5 MOF material exhibits an exceptional oxygen evolution reaction activity in aqueous solution at pH = 13, which delivers a low overpotential (ηj=10 = 317 mV), a fast reaction kinetics (Tafel slope = 37 mV dec-1), and excellent catalytic stability. This facile multialloy-like building block strategy holds promise to accurately design and improve the performance of MOFs, as well as open an avenue to understand the related mechanisms.

Acetylene (C2H2) purification is of great importance for many chemical synthesis and processes. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are widely used for gas adsorption and separation due to their variable structure and porosity. However, the exploitation of ideal MOF adsorbents for C2H2 keeps a challenging task. Herein, a combination of open metal sites (OMSs) and Lewis basic sites (LBSs) in robust MOFs is demonstrated to effectively promote the C2H2 purification performance. Accordingly, SNNU-37(Fe/Sc), two isostructural MOFs constituted by [Fe3O(COO)6] or [Sc3O(COO)6] trinuclear clusters and amide-functionalized tricarboxylate linkers, were designed with extra-stable 3,6-connected new architectures. Derived from the coexistence of high-density OMSs and LBSs, the C2H2 adsorption amounts of SNNU-37(Fe/Sc) are much higher than those values for C2H4 and CO2. Theoretical IAST selectivity values of SNNU-37(Fe) are 2.4 for C2H2/C2H4 (50/50, v/v) and 9.9 for C2H2/CO2 (50/50, v/v) at 298 K and 1 bar, indicating an excellent C2H2 separation ability. Experimental breakthrough curves also revealed that SNNU-37(Fe) could effectively separate C2H2/C2H4 and C2H2/CO2 under ambient conditions. GCMC simulations further indicate that open Fe or Sc sites and amide groups mainly contribute to stronger adsorption sites for C2H2 molecules.

The present study focused on the novel roles and the underlying mechanisms of miR-135b in pyroptosis of MPP+-induced Parkinson's disease (PD). We established an in vitro PD model induced by MPP+. Our results demonstrated miR-135b was lower while FoxO1 was inversely higher in MPP+-treated SH-SY5Y and PC-12 cells. Luciferase reporter assay showed FoxO1 was a downstream target of miR-135b. MiR-135b mimics suppressed MPP+-induced pyroptosis and the upregulation of TXNIP, NLRP3, Caspase-1, ASC, GSDMDNterm and IL-1β. Moreover, FoxO1 overexpression had no effect on miR-135b but reversed its own downregulation caused by miR-135b mimics. Meanwhile, overexpression of FoxO1 abolished the inhibitory effects of miR-135b on pyroptosis and reversed the downregulation of pyroptotic genes and LDH release. In summary, miR-135b played a protective role in Parkinson's disease via inhibiting pyroptosis by targeting FoxO1. MiR-135b might serve as a potential therapeutic target in the treatment of Parkinson's disease.

Strong mutual coupling between both adjacent and nonadjacent elements is unavoidable, especially when antenna array is densely arranged. In this paper, an efficient T-shaped decoupling network is primarily proposed to decouple closely spaced two-element E-plane antenna array based on network analysis and implementation deduction. Subsequently, it is extended to a three-element one by combining with a fine transmission line and further generalized to a multielement linear one. All the accordant simulation and measurement results demonstrate that as compared to the coupled arrays, impedance matching, radiation patterns, and scanning characteristics of the decoupled arrays are evidently improved through adding the decoupling network, while mutual coupling between every two elements is greatly reduced. Moreover, such combined decoupling network is effective in the H-plane array and monopole antenna array, implying its huge potential for large-scale array and various arrays.

As a cleaner, cheaper and globally distributed fuel, methane (CH4) has considerable environmental, economic, and political advantages over petroleum as a source of energy for the transportation sector. However, it is still challenging to achieve efficient CH4 purification from CO2 or C2-hydrocarbons and its following storage for practical application, where the design of high-performance adsorbent materials is critical. Here we report two isostructural ultra-stable double-interpenetrated yttrium-based metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), SNNU-324 and SNNU-325, which are rationally designed by a topology-guided strategy with 1,3,5-tris(4-carboxyphenyl)benzene (BTB) and 2,4,6-tris(4-carboxyphenyl)- 1,3,5-triazine (TATB) as tritopic linkers and [Y3(OH)2(H2O)4(COO)8] and [Y4O2(H2O)4(COO)8] clusters as secondary building units (SBUs), respectively. Notably, thanks to the high-connectivity and double-interpenetrated architectures, SNNU-324-325 MOFs exhibit extra-high thermal, water and pH stability. Low-pressure gas adsorption, IAST selectivity and breakthrough curves reveal a remarkable CO2/C2-hydrocarbons over CH4 separation performance of SNNU-324 and SNNU-325. In particular, the breakthrough interval times can reach up to 20, 45, 38, and 61 min g-1 for CO2/CH4, C2H2/CH4, C2H4/CH4 and C2H6/CH4 with 2 mL min-1 for SNNU-325 at 298 K, which exceed most well-known MOF adsorbents. High-pressure gas uptake experiments further indicate SNNU-324 and SNNU-325 are promising CH4 storage adsorbents. Specially, at room temperature, SNNU-325 exhibits a total CH4 uptake of 120 cm3 cm−3 under 35 bar and deliver capacity of 65/78 cm3 cm-3 under 35/65 bar, which are comparable with most top-level methane storage MOFs.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is currently the most prevalent neurodegenerative disease in the aging population. It is characterized by massive deposition of extracellular β-amyloid peptide and formation of intracellular neurofibrillary tangles. Cancer is also an age-related disease. Some epidemiological studies have shown an inverse relationship between AD and the onset of various types of cancers, that is, the risk of cancer in patients with AD is reduced, and vice versa. Epigenetic mechanisms play important roles in the development of AD and cancer. In this article, we will review the recent research advances on the epigenetic mechanisms of AD and cancer onset, and provide new ideas for rethinking the relevance of AD and cancer with a "holistic concept".

Background: This study was performed to identify the alterations of Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) induced by oxidative stress and investigate the functional roles of SNHG16 in the pathological angiogenesis by human retinal microvascular endothelial cells (HMRECs). Methods: The expression profiles of lncRNAs and mRNAs induced by oxidative stress were identified by RNA-Seq, and the dysregulation of 16 lncRNAs including SNHG16 was verified in H2O2-treated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Luciferase reporter assay and RIP analysis were used to investigate the binding relationship of SNHG16 to miR-195. Results: We confirmed that over-expression of SNGH16 attenuated H2O2-induced angiogenesis by HMRECs. In addition, SNHG16 was significantly decreased, whereas miR-195, a predictive target of SNHG16, was upregulated in H2O2, HG, and AGE-treated HMRECs. The binding relationship of SNHG16 to miR-195 was subsequently verified by luciferase reporter assay and RIP analysis. SNHG16 cotransfection abolished miR-195-mediated repression on mitofusin 2 (mfn2) protein level and counteracted the inductive effect of miR-195 on angiogenesis by HMRECs. Conclusion: These results indicated that decreased SNHG16 accelerates oxidative stress-induced pathological angiogenesis in HMRECs by regulating the miR-195/mfn2 axis, providing a potential target for diabetic retinopathy (DR) therapy.

As an important organic intermediate, benzonitrile (BN) is widely involved in organic synthetic chemistry and pharmaceutical and dyestuff industries. However, the exploration of a more efficient and controllable synthesis technique and the corresponding greener catalysts for the synthesis of BN still poses a great challenge. Herein, with multimetallic two-dimensional conductive metal-organic frameworks (2D cMOF) as anodic electrocatalysts, we develop a green, convenient, and highly efficient electrochemical synthesis strategy for BN. Thanks to the intrinsic 2D electrically conductive structure and the optimized the multimetallic coupling catalytic effect, the resulting multimetallic 2D cMOFs exhibit excellent benzylamine (BA) electrooxidation performance. Especially, the trimetallic 2D cMOF (NiCoFe-CAT) requires an ultralow potential of 1.29 V vs reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) to achieve a 10 mA·cm-2 current density, which indicates the fastest reaction and the most favorable thermodynamic condition. A very high yield (0.058 mmol·mg-1·h-1) and faradic efficiency (∼87%) of benzonitrile are both achieved during the BA electrooxidation reaction at 1.45 V. The reaction mechanism investigations indicated that the various redox mediators of MII/MIII (Ni, Co, Fe) may be regarded as multimetal active species to promote BA conversion. Also, the excellent cycling durability of multimetallic 2D cMOFs further promotes their potential practical applications. These electrocatalytic performances are considered excellent and nearly surpass all other reported Ni-based inorganics or MOF-based electrocatalysts for the electrocatalytic oxidation of benzylamine.

The pathogenesis of popliteal cyst (Baker’s cyst) is related to meniscus injury, knee osteoarthritis, and synovitis. The cyst is common connected with the joint cavity, and it can be touched at the popliteal fossa. When the synovial fluid exudates more in the knee joint, it can flow into the popliteal cyst through the passage. The cyst can shrink when patient lies on prone position. Large cysts may affect the movement of the knee joint, and sometimes it even compress the blood vessels or nerves behind the knee, causing local swelling pain, numbness of the foot, or other neurological symptoms. The traditional treatment of popliteal cyst is open surgery. Because of the abundant blood vessels and nerves in popliteal area, and the location of the cyst is deep and difficult to expose, the incision is always long, and the trauma is large. The scar after surgery not only affects the beauty but also affects the function of knee joint. The recurrence rate of popliteal cyst after resection is high (Fig. 8.1). The author removed the popliteal cyst under endoscopy with local anesthesia and received good results.

ACL is divided into anteromedial bundle (AMB) and posterolateral bundle (PLB) (Fig. 21.1). The anteromedial bundle (AMB) can resist the tibial forward movement during the flexion of the knee joint, and the posterolateral bundle (PLB) can stabilize the knee joint during the extension position. The stability of knee joint will be affected by partial or complete injury of ACL.

During the surgery of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, the fixation methods can be divided into direct fixation and indirect fixation according to the fixation position of the tendon and the relationship between the graft and the bone tunnel. Direct fixation methods included interface screw and Rigidfix cross nail. Indirect fixation included button steel plate, transfix suspension, and PEG fixation [1]. The cost of either fixation method is high for patients. The author designed the technique of tendon knot press-fitted method to reconstruct ACL and achieved good results [2, 3].

Fractures of extremities are usually fixed with plates and screws. After fracture healing, plates and screws are always removed by conventional open surgery (Fig. 10.1). In 2001, the author designed the technique to remove the plate and screws under endoscopy [1]. The advantages of this technique include less bleeding, clear operative field, minimally invasive, shorter hospital stay, faster functional recovery, and no complications such as nerve and blood vessel injury. This technique enriches the indication of minimally invasive surgery and widens the application field of endoscopy.

The Achilles tendon, the most powerful tendon in the human body that carries and transmits the body’s load, is formed by the joint of the gastrocnemius and soleus tendons and attached to the calcaneal tuberosity (Fig. 11.1) [1, 2]. Achilles tendinopathy may be associated with exercise overload, repeated accumulation of chronic fatigue injury, resulting in chronic damage to Achilles tendon fibers [3].

A novel frequency reconfigurable Quasi-Yagi antenna is proposed. The antenna has two dipoles on different layers of the substrate and they are fed by two coplanar striplines. Four PIN diodes, loading inside the coplanar striplines, are used as the switches. By switching the states of the four diodes, the antenna can work in three modes with different working bands around 3.5 GHz (cover the band of WiMAX), 5.2 GHz (cover the band of WLAN) and 7 GHz respectively. In addition, the working bands can be independently tuned by adjusting several parameters of the antenna. A prototype antenna was fabricated and tested. Good agreement between the simulation and the measurement is achieved. The results prove that the antenna can realize frequency reconfiguration effectively while maintaining the pattern characteristic of Yagi antenna at all frequency.

Functionalization by amine groups has been recognized as an effective route to promote the gas capture and separation performance of MOF materials; however, it remains elusive to date what is the optimal number of functional amine groups and which specific MOFs are suitable to be functionalized. To answer these questions, systemic investigations on the interactions between gas molecules and NH2-functionalized MOFs are necessary. Here a microporous Zn-F-triazolate framework which can be easily decorated by different −NH2 groups is selected (Zn-F-TRZ, Zn-F-ATRZ, and Zn-F-DATRZ; TRZ = 1,2,4-triazole, ATRZ = 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole, DATRZ = 3,5-diamino-1,2,4-triazole) to discuss the effect of amine groups on CO2 and C1/C2 hydrocarbon capture and separation. When the pressure is lower than about 0.15 atm, the CO2 uptakes increase directly with the number of anime groups (Zn-F-TRZ < Zn-F-ATRZ < Zn-F-DATRZ). However, at 1 atm, the decoration of one amine group effectively improves the CO2 adsorption of the Zn-F-t...

Pillared-layer metal–organic frameworks show great promise for gas storage and separation because their pore size as well as functionality usually can be controlled and adjusted synergistically. By combining the common pyridine and carboxylate groups, we design herein a new 3D pillared-layer framework, [Co2(DBPT)(BPY)2(CO3)]n (SNNU-95). Dinuclear [Co2] motifs are connected by DBPT ligands to form a 2D layer, which is further bridged by BPY to obtain the 3D pillar-layered framework of SNNU-95. Remarkably, two un-coordinated pyridine groups of DBPT not only help stabilize the 2D layer through π⋯π stacking but also point into the 1D channels to create an ultramicroporous environment. Taking advantage of the ultramicroporosity and pyridine Lewis basic sites, SNNU-95 shows not only extra high CO2 over CH4 and C2 hydrocarbons over CH4 selectivity, but also remarkable C2H2/CO2, C2H2/C2H4, and C2H4/CO2 separation under ambient conditions. This synergistic effect resulting from functional groups and pore size provides a promising route to design porous materials for the highest possible gas uptake and separation performance.