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Penyengat Island has a valuable historical footprint not only for Indonesia but also for Malaysia and Singapore, as well as having a wealth of ancient literacy and influential religious values. Data were collected from tourists visiting Penyengat Island through distributing questionnaires to 100 respondents, combined with in-depth interviews, focused discussions with representative and competent key persons related to the issues discussed. This study found that the accommodation and amenities components are still the main problems in developing tourism on Penyengat Island. The factors of tourism management, tourist safety, public awareness of tourism, and environmental preservation are other central issues that need attention. The development of broad tourism promotion using information technology media and supported by professional management will be able to accelerate the tourism growth of Penyengat Island. Purpose of this study is to measure the dynamics of historical and religious tourism on Penyengat Island using the 5 A attribute approach (attractions, accessibility, accommodation, amenities and awareness). This research is focused on the empirical conditions of the dynamics of tourism development in Penyengat Island, with a qualitative descriptive research method through questionnaires, in-depth interviews, observations, and transects. The attributes of accommodation, amenities, and awareness of public tourism are still low. The main factor of the problem lies in the management of tourism in Penyengat Island that has not been done professionally and integratedly by targeting foreign tourists Overall and integrated tourism management by building destinations that ensure the comfort and safety of tourists, building information technology-based promotional media that can reach the wider community, and building a network of partnerships with stakeholders in the development of tourist destinations and strengthening human resources.

ABSTRAK Secara perhitungan teknis, antara ketersediaan air dan kebutuhan air per kapita mencukupi di Kabupaten Timor Tengah Selatan (TTS) Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur, namun permasalahan aksesibilitas yang menyebabkan terjadinya kekeringan dibeberapa wilayah. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Kecamatan Kolbano dan Kualin, Kab. TTS bertujuan pembuktian teori Homer-Dixon dan Gleick tentang konflik berbasis sumber daya alam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwapertama, ketidakadilan akses terhadap sumber daya air tidak menimbulkan konflik antar masyarakat, dan kedua, tidak terjadi migrasi besar dari wilayah langka air ke wilayah lain. Faktor yang melandasiadalah adanyanilai-nilai budaya yang masih dipercaya dan dijaga, sehingga mampumenciptakan harmoni sosial. Temuan empirik ini menjadi sebuah penemuan teori baru dari pengembangan teori Homer-Dixon dan Gleick yang menyatakan bahwa kelangkaan sumber daya alam/air menimbulkan konflik, namun tidak terjadi dalam konteks masyarakat di Kec. Kolbano dan Kualin, dan wilayah lain di Kab. TTS. Kata kunci: Kelangkaan air, konflik, sumberdaya air, sumber daya alam ABSTRACT In technical calculations, between water availability and water demand per capita is sufficient in Timor Tengah Selatan (TTS) East Nusa Tenggara province, but the problem of accessibility caused drought in some areas. This research was conducted in the District Kolbano and Kualin, Kab. TTS aims at proving the theory Homer-Dixon and Gleick about natural resource-based conflicts. The results showed that the first, inequality in access to water resources does not generate conflicts between communities, and second, there was no major migration of water-scarce region to region. Factors underlying is their cultural values ​​are still believed and guarded, so as to create social harmony. These empirical findings into a discovery of a new theory of the development of the theory of Homer-Dixon and Gleick stating that the scarcity of natural resources / water conflict, but did not occur in the context of the community in the district Kolbano and Kualin, and other areas in the district TTS. Keywords: Conflict, natural resources, water resources, water scarcity Cara sitasi: Jocom, H., Kameo, D.D., Utami, I., dan Kristijanto, A.I. (2016). Air dan Konflik: Studi Kasus Kabupaten Timor Tengah Selatan. Jurnal Ilmu Lingkungan. 14(1),51-61, doi:10.14710/jil.14.1.51-61