46 results on '"Grimaud, E"'
Search Results
2. LEUKAEMIA INHIBITORY FACTOR (LIF) IS EXPRESSED IN HYPERTROPHIC CHONDROCYTES AND VASCULAR SPROUTS DURING OSTEOGENESIS
- Author
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Grimaud, E, Blanchard, F, Charrier, C, Gouin, F, Redini, F, and Heymann, D
- Published
- 2002
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Low tech ? Wild tech !
- Author
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Grimaud, E. (ed.), Tastevin, Y.P. (ed.), and Vidal, Denis (ed.)
- Abstract
On ne compte plus aujourd'hui les appels à repenser l'innovation. Il y aurait urgence écologique. Et certains n'hésitent pas à prédire la fin du monde à moins d'une rupture radicale de nos modèles de croissance. Alors que chaque nouvelle génération de téléphone ou d'ordinateur est célébrée comme si elle constituait un progrès décisif pour l'humanité, le low tech à l'inverse, cet ensemble hétérogène de techniques, de modes de composition alternatifs, définis tantôt négativement (pauvreté ou économie de moyens) tantôt positivement (faire beaucoup avec peu de choses, faire avec ce qu'on a, faire plus local et plus participatif, etc.) viendrait partout ébranler la toute puissance du high tech. Avec lui, ce ne sont pas seulement une autre lecture des techniques et d'autres façons de concevoir qui se donnent à voir, mais des population entières d'hommes et de procédés, dont le rôle a bien souvent été sous-estimé, de l'Inde à l'Afrique en passant par l'Asie. L'objectif de ce numéro n'est pas de cataloguer les formes de résistance ou d'invention très diverses que recouvre l'étiquette de low tech, mais plutôt de poser les bases d'une cartographie alternative des modes d'assemblage à l'échelle planétaire, et de donner des outils pour mieux penser des manières de fabriquer qui échappent à toute classification.
- Published
- 2017
4. Qui est là ? : présences-limites et effets de personne
- Author
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Vidal, Denis, Grimaud E., (ed.), Taylor A.C., (ed.), Dufrêne T., (ed.), Unite de recherche migrations et sociétés (URMIS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR205, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), and Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR205-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
- Subjects
MONDE ,[SHS.ANTHRO-SE]Humanities and Social Sciences/Social Anthropology and ethnology ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS - Abstract
International audience
- Published
- 2016
5. Effets spéciaux et artifices [dossier]
- Author
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Grimaud, E. (ed.), Houdard, S. (ed.), and Vidal, Denis (ed.)
- Subjects
MODERNITE ,IMAGE PHOTOGRAPHIQUE ,ARCHITECTURE ,ACTIVITE ARTISTIQUE ,PHOTOGRAPHIE ,ANTHROPOLOGIE CULTURELLE ,SPECTACLE ,THEATRE ,EFFET SPECIAUX ,ART ,CINEMA - Published
- 2006
6. Variabilité des populations du puceron du pois (Acyrthosiphon pisum Harris) prélevées sur la luzerne (Medicago sativa L.) dans deux zones géographiques. Caractérisation biochimique
- Author
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Grimaud, E., Laboratoire de recherches de zoologie, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), and Faculté des Sciences, Poitiers, FRA.
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[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,MARQUEUR BIOCHIMIQUE - Abstract
* INRA, Laboratoire de Zoologie, 86600 Lusignan (FRA) Diffusion du document : INRA, Laboratoire de Zoologie, 86600 Lusignan (FRA) Diplôme : Maîtrise
- Published
- 1998
7. Solid malignant neoplasms after childhood irradiation: decrease of the relative risk with time after irradiation
- Author
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Florent de Vathaire, Shamsaldin A, Grimaud E, Campbell S, Guerra M, Raquin M, Bessa E, Hardiman C, Jan P, and Rumeau N
- Subjects
Male ,Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced ,Time Factors ,Adolescent ,Radiotherapy ,Age Factors ,Infant, Newborn ,Infant ,Cohort Studies ,Risk Factors ,Child, Preschool ,Humans ,Female ,Child - Abstract
The pattern of the temporal distribution of solid cancer incidence after irradiation in childhood is not well known, although, its importance in radioprotection is well known. We studied a cohort of 1,055 children from 8 European cancer centres, who received radiotherapy between 1942 and 1985 for a first cancer in childhood. After a mean follow-up of 19 years, 26 children developed a solid second malignant neoplasm (SMN), as compared to 5.6 expected from general population rates. Both the excess relative risk and the excess of absolute risk of solid SMN were higher among children who were younger at time of the irradiation. After reaching a maximum 15 to 20 years after irradiation, the excess relative risk of SMN decreased with time after irradiation, when controlling for age at irradiation and sex. The analysis of the risk of thyroid, brain and breast cancer together, as a function of the dose averaged on these 3 organs lead to similar results.
- Published
- 1995
8. Metatarsal Giant Cell Tumors and Giant Cell Reparative Granuloma are Similar Entities
- Author
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Gouin, F., primary, Grimaud, E., additional, Redini, F., additional, Moreau, A., additional, Passuti, N., additional, and Heymann, D., additional
- Published
- 2003
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Second malignant neoplasms after a first cancer in childhood: temporal pattern of risk according to type of treatment
- Author
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Vathaire, F de, primary, Hawkins, M, additional, Campbell, S, additional, Oberlin, O, additional, Raquin, M-A, additional, Schlienger, J-Y, additional, Shamsaldin, A, additional, Diallo, I, additional, Bell, J, additional, Grimaud, E, additional, Hardiman, C, additional, Lagrange, J-L, additional, Daly-Schveitzer, N, additional, Panis, X, additional, Zucker, J-M, additional, Sancho-Garnier, H, additional, Eschwège, F, additional, Chavaudra, J, additional, and Lemerle, J, additional
- Published
- 1999
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Estimation of the radiation dose delivered to any point outside the target volume per patient treated with external beam radiotherapy
- Author
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Diallo, I., primary, Lamon, A., additional, Shamsaldin, A., additional, Grimaud, E., additional, de Vathaire, F., additional, and Chavaudra, J., additional
- Published
- 1996
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Class I and II HLA Typing After a 10 Gy-4 I-iour Therayeutic Total Body Irradiation
- Author
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Cosset, J. M., primary, Raffoux, C., additional, Chaillet, M. P., additional, Socie, G., additional, Briot, E., additional, Follezou, J. Y., additional, Grimaud, E., additional, Dubray, B., additional, and Girinski, T., additional
- Published
- 1993
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. Prospective Study of the Clinical Symptoms of Therapeutic Whole Body Irradiation
- Author
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Chaillet, M. P., primary, Cosset, J. M., additional, Socie, G., additional, Pico, J. L., additional, Grimaud, E., additional, Dubray, B., additional, Alapetite, C., additional, and Girinsky, T., additional
- Published
- 1993
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. Epidemiological evidence for a common mechanism for neuroblastoma and differentiated thyroid tumour
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de Vathaire, F, primary, François, P, additional, Schlumberger, M, additional, Schweisguth, O, additional, Hardiman, C, additional, Grimaud, E, additional, Oberlin, O, additional, Hill, C, additional, Lemerle, J, additional, and Flamant, R, additional
- Published
- 1992
- Full Text
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14. Breast cancer treatment: which inhomogeneities have to be taken into account?
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Grimaud, E., primary and Chavaudra, J., additional
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- 1991
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15. Dose distribution throughout the body from radiotherapy for Hodgkin's disease in childhood
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Shamsaldin, A., Grimaud, E., Hardiman, C., Diallo, I., De-Vathaire, F., and Chavaudra, J.
- Published
- 1998
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Comparison of gels used for molecular sieving of proteins by electron microscopy and pore parameters determinations
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Grimaud, E., primary, Lecoq, J.C., additional, Boschetti, E., additional, and Corgier, M., additional
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- 1978
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. Osteoprotegerin: a new therapeutic agent for the treatment of bone disease
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Grimaud, E., Redini, F., and Heymann, D.
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- 2001
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. Class I and II HLA typing after a 10 Gy-4 hour therapeutic total body irradiation
- Author
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Cosset, J. M., Dubray, B., Raffoux, C., Girinski, T., Socie, G., Chaillet, M. P., Follezou, J. Y., Briot, E., and Grimaud, E.
- Subjects
IRRADIATION - Published
- 1993
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. Prospective study of the clinical symptoms of therapeutic whole bodyirradiation
- Author
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Socie, G., Pico, J. L., Dubray, B., Cosset, J. M., Alapetite, C., Chaillet, M. P., Girinsky, T., and Grimaud, E.
- Subjects
IRRADIATION ,MEDICAL research - Published
- 1993
20. FORME E FUNZIONI DEI SIMULACRI E DEI FANTOCCI ANIMATI NELLE FESTE SICILIANE
- Author
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Buttitta, I, Perricone, R, Pasqualino, C, Dufrene, T, Buttitta, I, Perricone, R, Vidal, D, Grimaud, E, Paré, Z, Gonzàlez Alcantud, JA, and Leone, A
- Subjects
rituals artifacts, anthropomorphic and theriomorphic puppets, religious festivals, Sicily ,Settore M-DEA/01 - Discipline Demoetnoantropologiche ,manufatti rituali, pupi antropomorfi e teriomorfi, feste religiose, Sicilia - Abstract
In Sicilia, in occasione di numerose cerimonie religiose, soprattutto a Pasqua, entrano in scena statue con arti mobili (soprattutto Crocifissi e Madonne) e fantocci antropomorfi o teriomorfi animati da un manipolatore posto al loro interno. Se dal punto di vista fenomenologico, questi ultimi artefatti, costituiscono un ibrido, un incrocio tra umano e artificiale, dai punti di vista funzionale e simbolico, sia che rappresentino i santi apostoli sia che rappresentino eroi fondatori o animali leggendari, si pro-pongono, sempre e comunque, come entità altre dall’umano. I fantocci animati, pertanto, al pari dei mascherati e dei simulacri processionali dei santi, sono da considerarsi delle epifanie di una “alterità” con cui bisogna mantenere un sistema di relazioni positive al fine di garantire la ciclica ricostituzione dell’ordine naturale e sociale. Non a caso, quando irrompono nello spazio comunitario, sono caratte-rizzati da un lato da comportamenti a-normali, tesi a enfatizzarne la diversità e la non-umanità, dall’altro sono destinatari di offerte che rinnovano quel circuito del dono che sempre sostanzia ai rap-porti tra immanenza e trascendenza. In tutti casi, inoltre, le loro peculiarità morfologiche e i loro singo-lari comportamenti performativi, non di rado tricksterici e predatori, rivelano un modo “altro” di vivere il sacro e, più in generale, un modo di vivere “altro” che li propone come espressioni totemiche di una specifica appartenenza comunitaria. In Sicily, on the occasion of numerous religious ceremonies, especially at Easter, statues with movable limbs (especially Crucifixes and Madonnas) and anthropomorphic or theriomorphic puppets animated by a manipulator placed inside them enter the scene. If from a phenomenological point of view, these last artifacts constitute a hybrid, a cross between human and artificial, from a functional and symbolic point of view, whether they represent the holy apostles or that they represent founding heroes or legendary animals, they propose, always and in any case, as entities other than the human. The animated puppets, therefore, like the masked ones and the processional simulacra of the saints, are to be considered epiphanies of an "otherness" with which it is necessary to maintain a system of positive relationships in order to guarantee the cyclical reconstitution of the natural and social order. It is no coincidence that when they break into the community space, they are characterized on the one hand by a-normal behaviour, aimed at emphasizing their diversity and non-humanity, and on the other they are recipients of offers which renew that circuit of the gift which always substantiates to the relationship between immanence and transcendence. In all cases, moreover, their morphological peculiarities and their singular performative behaviors, often tricksteric and predatory, reveal an "other" way of experiencing the sacred and, more generally, an "other" way of living than proposes as totemic expressions of a specific community membership.
- Published
- 2021
21. Low tech ? Wild tech !
- Author
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Vidal, Denis, Subramaniam, D., Grimaud, E. (ed.), Tastevin, Y.P. (ed.), and Vidal, Denis (ed.)
- Published
- 2017
22. La ville amplifiée : synthétiseurs, sonorisation et effets électro-acoustiques dans les rituels urbains au Caire
- Author
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Nicolas Puig, Grimaud, E. (ed.), Tastevin, Y.P. (ed.), Vidal, Denis (ed.), Unite de recherche migrations et sociétés (URMIS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), and COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR205
- Subjects
effets électro-acoustiques ,060106 history of social sciences ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Sound system ,amplification ,0404 agricultural biotechnology ,rituels ,11. Sustainability ,0601 history and archaeology ,rituals ,media_common ,synthesizer ,electroacoustic effects ,synthétiseur ,social and cultural differentiation ,06 humanities and the arts ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,Art ,General Medicine ,[SHS.ANTHRO-SE]Humanities and Social Sciences/Social Anthropology and ethnology ,040401 food science ,différenciation sociale et culturelle ,sound system ,Égypte ,Egypt ,Humanities - Abstract
International audience; In recent history, sound techniques of urban rituals in Cairo have had a series of innovations, wich consequences have, sometimes unintentionally, changed the sound environments, influenced musical aesthetics, and ultimately shaped a part of popular culture. The synthesizer, modified for Arabic music, takes an important part of the development of the sound tehnologies and it has become an important source of the diffusion of the new sounds, with the modes of amplification and transformation of the sounds.From codified exposition of city society to religious ceremonies in front of by the tombs of the saints, these rituals are qualified by a specific sound environment that can be identified by both those who acknowledge it and those who reject it. Thus, electrified sounds and specific uses of the synthesizer draw the contours of social and cultural differentiations in the city.This article proposes some lines of research around the appariation of the synthesizer and the development of sound systems that highlight the collaborative and non-linear nature of these innovations and their contribution to national cultural history.; Les techniques de sonorisation des rituels urbains au Caire ont connu dans l’histoire récente une série d’innovations dont les conséquences parfois involontaires ont modifié les environnements sonores, influencé l’esthétique musicale, et au final façonné un pan de la culture populaire. Le synthétiseur a accompagné le développement de la sonorisation au prix de quelques modifications, et il est devenu une source importante de la diffusion des nouvelles sonorités, avec les modes d’amplification et de transformation des sons. Cadre codifié d’exposition de la société citadine ou bien cérémonies religieuses adossées aux tombeaux des saints, ces rituels sont désormais qualifiés par un environnement sonore spécifique identifiable à la fois par ceux qui s’en reconnaissent et ceux qui le rejettent. Ainsi, sonorités électrifiées et usages spécifiques du synthétiseur dessinent les contours de différenciations sociales et culturelles dans la ville. Cet article propose quelques pistes de recherche autour de l’avènement du synthétiseur et de la mise au point de modes de sonorisation qui mettent en relief le caractère collaboratif et non linéaire de ces innovations et leur contribution à l’histoire culturelle nationale.
- Published
- 2017
23. Low tech ? Wild tech !
- Author
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Grimaud, Emmanuel, Tastevin, Yann Philippe, Vidal, Denis, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Solidarités, Sociétés, Territoires (LISST), École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-École Nationale Supérieure de Formation de l'Enseignement Agricole de Toulouse-Auzeville (ENSFEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unite de recherche migrations et sociétés (URMIS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR205, Grimaud, E. (ed.), Tastevin, Y.P. (ed.), Vidal, Denis (ed.), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-École Nationale Supérieure de Formation de l'Enseignement Agricole de Toulouse-Auzeville (ENSFEA), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), and Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR205-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
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Low tech ,high tech ,[SHS.ANTHRO-SE]Humanities and Social Sciences/Social Anthropology and ethnology ,wild tech - Abstract
International audience; On ne compte plus aujourd'hui les appels à repenser l'innovation. Il y aurait urgence écologique. Et certains n'hésitent pas à prédire la fin du monde à moins d'une rupture radicale de nos modèles de croissance. Alors que chaque nouvelle génération de téléphone ou d'ordinateur est célébrée comme si elle constituait un progrès décisif pour l'humanité, le low tech à l'inverse, cet ensemble hétérogène de techniques, de modes de composition alternatifs, définis tantôt négativement (pauvreté ou économie de moyens) tantôt positivement (faire beaucoup avec peu de choses, faire avec ce qu'on a, faire plus local et plus participatif, etc.) viendrait partout ébranler la toute puissance du high tech. Avec lui, ce ne sont pas seulement une autre lecture des techniques et d'autres façons de concevoir qui se donnent à voir, mais des population entières d'hommes et de procédés, dont le rôle a bien souvent été sous-estimé, de l'Inde à l'Afrique en passant par l'Asie. L'objectif de ce numéro n'est pas de cataloguer les formes de résistance ou d'invention très diverses que recouvre l'étiquette de low tech, mais plutôt de poser les bases d'une cartographie alternative des modes d'assemblage à l'échelle planétaire, et de donner des outils pour mieux penser des manières de fabriquer qui échappent à toute classification.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Aux frontières de l'humain : pour une anthropologie comparée des créatures artificielles
- Author
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Vidal, Denis, Grimaud, Emmanuel, Unite de recherche migrations et sociétés (URMIS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR205, Vidal, Denis (ed.), Grimaud, E. (ed.), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), and Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR205-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
- Subjects
RELATION HOMME MACHINE ,ROBOTIQUE ,TECHNOLOGIE ,MONDE ,ROBOT ,CAPACITE COGNITIVE ,ANTHROPOLOGIE ,HISTOIRE ,[SHS.ANTHRO-SE]Humanities and Social Sciences/Social Anthropology and ethnology ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS ,ANTHROPOMORPHISME - Abstract
International audience
- Published
- 2012
25. Robots étrangement humains
- Author
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Denis Vidal, Unite de recherche migrations et sociétés (URMIS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR205, Vidal, Denis (ed.), Grimaud, E. (ed.), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), and Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR205-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
- Subjects
RELATION HOMME MACHINE ,ROBOTIQUE ,MONDE ,ROBOT ,COGNITION ,ANTHROPOLOGIE ,HISTOIRE ,[SHS.ANTHRO-SE]Humanities and Social Sciences/Social Anthropology and ethnology ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS ,ANTHROPOMORPHISME - Abstract
Partant d’un exemple ethnographique issu d’un terrain en cours aupres de roboticiens a Paris, l’auteur propose de contraster les notions de « piege » et de « pacte » anthropomorphiques pour tenter de mieux saisir la facon dont est concue aujourd’hui l’interaction entre des robots humanoides et leurs utilisateurs ;et, plus generalement, pour faire ainsi ressortir ce qui peut distinguer les diverses attitudes qu’il est possible d’adopter vis-a-vis de l’anthropomorphisme, avec les implications methodologiques mais aussi ethiques qui pourront en resulter, en particulier dans le domaine des nouvelles technologies.
- Published
- 2012
26. Les sirènes de l'expérience : populisme expérimental ou démocratie du jugement
- Author
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Vidal, Denis, Unite de recherche migrations et sociétés (URMIS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR205, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR205-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Grimaud, E. (ed.), Houdard, S. (ed.), and Vidal, Denis (ed.)
- Subjects
EUROPE ,POPULISME ,MYTHE ,CREDULITE ,SPECTACLE ,INDONESIE ,SCIENCE ,CULTURE POPULAIRE ,HISTOIRE ,[SHS.ANTHRO-SE]Humanities and Social Sciences/Social Anthropology and ethnology ,SIRENE ,JAPON ,MUSEE DE CURIOSITES ,INDE ,ETATS UNIS ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS - Abstract
International audience
- Published
- 2006
27. Effets spéciaux et artifices
- Author
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Denis Vidal, Sophie Houdart, Emmanuel Grimaud, Grimaud, E. (ed.), Houdard, S. (ed.), Vidal, Denis (ed.), Unite de recherche migrations et sociétés (URMIS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR205, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), and Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR205-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
- Subjects
MODERNITE ,IMAGE PHOTOGRAPHIQUE ,ARCHITECTURE ,media_common.quotation_subject ,PHOTOGRAPHIE ,ANTHROPOLOGIE CULTURELLE ,SPECTACLE ,Art ,[SHS.ANTHRO-SE]Humanities and Social Sciences/Social Anthropology and ethnology ,THEATRE ,CINEMA ,ACTIVITE ARTISTIQUE ,Anthropology ,EFFET SPECIAUX ,Humanities ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS ,ART ,media_common - Abstract
Outils centraux dans le champ du spectacle, de la mise en scene et plus globalement dans le champ de la representation depuis la fin du XVIIIe siecle, les artifices et effets speciaux constituent des dispositifs techniques qui visent a troubler d’une maniere ou d’une autre l’ordre de la realite. Ce numero a pour objectif de rendre compte de la variete des moyens souvent savants mobilises sur les scenes, plus ou moins publiques, des theâtres, musees, ateliers, laboratoires et studios, pour stimuler la perception, orienter l’attention ou la transformer, remodeler la sensibilite, ou deformer les corps et les objets. Se dessine ainsi le cadre historique commun dans lequel se sont developpees un certain nombre de pratiques (prestidigitation, cinema, arts de l’exposition foraine, demonstrations scientifiques, entre autres) qui ont largement communique au xixe siecle et joue un role crucial dans la formation de notre modernite.
- Published
- 2006
28. Delayed acute bronchiolitis in infants hospitalized for COVID-19.
- Author
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Grimaud E, Challiol M, Guilbaud C, Delestrain C, Madhi F, Ngo J, Epaud R, and Nattes E
- Subjects
- Betacoronavirus, COVID-19, Child, Humans, Infant, Internationality, SARS-CoV-2, Bronchiolitis, Coronavirus Infections, Pandemics, Pneumonia, Viral, Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Malignant breast tumors after radiotherapy for a first cancer during childhood.
- Author
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Guibout C, Adjadj E, Rubino C, Shamsaldin A, Grimaud E, Hawkins M, Mathieu MC, Oberlin O, Zucker JM, Panis X, Lagrange JL, Daly-Schveitzer N, Chavaudra J, and de Vathaire F
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Antineoplastic Agents adverse effects, Child, Child, Preschool, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Hodgkin Disease radiotherapy, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Middle Aged, Radiotherapy Dosage, Time Factors, Breast Neoplasms etiology, Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced, Neoplasms, Second Primary etiology
- Abstract
Purpose: To assess the specific role of treatment and type of first cancer (FC) in the risk of long-term subsequent breast cancer (BC) among childhood cancer survivors., Patients and Methods: In a cohort of 1,814 3-year female survivors treated between 1946 and 1986 in eight French and English centers, data on chemotherapy and radiotherapy were collected. Individual estimation of radiation dose to each breast was performed for the 1,258 patients treated by external radiotherapy; mean dose to breast was 5.06 Gy (range, 0.0 to 88.0 Gy) delivered in 20 fractions (mean)., Results: Mean follow-up was 16 years; 16 patients developed a clinical BC, 13 after radiotherapy. The cumulative incidence of BC was 2.8% (95% CI, 1.0% to 4.5%) 30 years after the FC and 5.1% (95% CI, 2.1% to 8.2%) at the age of 40 years. The annual excess incidence increased as age increased, whereas the standardized incidence ratio decreased. On average, each Gray unit received by any breast increased the excess relative risk of BC by 0.13 (< 0.0 to 0.75). After stratification on castration and attained age, and adjusting for radiation dose, FC type, and chemotherapy, a higher risk of a subsequent BC was associated with Hodgkin's disease (relative risk, 7.0; 95% CI, 1.4 to 30.9)., Conclusion: The reported high risk of BC after childhood Hodgkin's disease treatment seems to be due not only to a higher radiation dose to the breasts, but also to a specific susceptibility.
- Published
- 2005
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30. Radiation dose, chemotherapy and risk of soft tissue sarcoma after solid tumours during childhood.
- Author
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Menu-Branthomme A, Rubino C, Shamsaldin A, Hawkins MM, Grimaud E, Dondon MG, Hardiman C, Vassal G, Campbell S, Panis X, Daly-Schveitzer N, Lagrange JL, Zucker JM, Chavaudra J, Hartman O, and de Vathaire F
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Case-Control Studies, Child, Child, Preschool, Cohort Studies, Combined Modality Therapy, Humans, Middle Aged, Risk, Antineoplastic Agents adverse effects, Neoplasms therapy, Neoplasms, Second Primary etiology, Radiotherapy Dosage, Sarcoma etiology
- Abstract
Soft tissue sarcoma (STS) is one of the most frequent second primary cancer that occurs during the first 20 years following treatment for a solid cancer in childhood. Our aim was to quantify the risk of STS as a second malignant neoplasm and to investigate its relationship with radiotherapy and chemotherapy. A cohort study of 4,400 3-year survivors of a first solid cancer diagnosed during childhood in France or the United Kingdom, between 1942 and 1985, was followed 15 years on average. In a partially nested case-control study, we matched 25 cases of STS and 121 controls for sex, type of first cancer, age at first cancer and duration of follow-up. Sixteen STS occurred in the cohort, as compared to 0.3 expected from the general population (Standardized Incidence Radio, SIR = 54 (95%CI: 34-89)). The SIR was 113 (95% CI: 62-185) after chemotherapy plus radiotherapy (13 STS), whereas it was 28 (95%CI: 2-125) after chemotherapy alone (1 STS) and 19 (95%CI: 3-60) after radiotherapy alone (2 STS). After adjustment for treatment, there was no evidence of variation in the annual excess of incidence or in the SIR with either age at first cancer or time since 1st cancer. In the case-control study, the risk of a STS was increased with the square of the dose of radiation to the site of STS development and with the administration of Procarbazine. The increased risk of soft tissue sarcoma that occurred after childhood cancer is independently related to exposure to radiotherapy and Procarbazine. A closer surveillance of children treated with this treatment combination is strongly recommended., (Copyright 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc.)
- Published
- 2004
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31. Receptor activator of nuclear factor kappaB ligand (RANKL)/osteoprotegerin (OPG) ratio is increased in severe osteolysis.
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Grimaud E, Soubigou L, Couillaud S, Coipeau P, Moreau A, Passuti N, Gouin F, Redini F, and Heymann D
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Carrier Proteins genetics, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Female, Glycoproteins genetics, Humans, Immunohistochemistry, Male, Membrane Glycoproteins genetics, Middle Aged, Osteoblasts metabolism, Osteoclasts metabolism, Osteolysis genetics, Osteoprotegerin, RANK Ligand, RNA, Messenger analysis, Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-kappa B, Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear genetics, Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction, Carrier Proteins metabolism, Glycoproteins metabolism, Membrane Glycoproteins metabolism, Osteolysis metabolism, Osteolysis pathology, Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear metabolism
- Abstract
Pathological osteolyses are considered a consequence of a disturbance in the mechanisms that govern the bone remodeling, mainly the communication between osteoclasts and osteoblasts. Osteoprotegerin (OPG) and receptor activator of NF-kappaB ligand (RANKL) are newly discovered molecules that play a key role in these communications. RANKL is essential for osteoclast differentiation via its receptor RANK located on the osteoclast membrane. OPG is a soluble decoy receptor that inhibits osteoclast differentiation through its binding to RANKL. The aim of this study is the analysis of the RANKL/OPG balance by complementary methods (semiquantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, immunohistochemistry, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) in human osteolysis associated to various bone etiologies (n = 60), tumoral (primitive, secondary) or not, compared to healthy tissues (n = 16). Results demonstrated that RANKL/OPG ratio was significantly increased in patients suffering from severe osteolysis compared to the control group and that this imbalance is involved in bone resorption mechanisms. In this study, OPG expression appears to reflect a protective mechanism of the skeleton to compensate increased bone resorption by inhibiting osteoclast formation and bone resorbing activity. Moreover, as revealed by immunohistochemistry, RANKL and OPG were colocalized in all of the tissues analyzed. To define the veracity of RANKL/OPG index in assessing and managing patients with severe osteolysis, an extended population of patients suffering from severe osteolysis must be now monitored.
- Published
- 2003
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32. Bone remodelling and tumour grade modifications induced by interactions between bone and swarm rat chondrosarcoma.
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Grimaud E, Damiens C, Rousselle AV, Passuti N, Heymann D, and Gouin F
- Subjects
- Animals, Anthraquinones, Bone and Bones diagnostic imaging, Cell Separation, Chondrosarcoma diagnostic imaging, Coculture Techniques, Coloring Agents, Male, Models, Biological, Neoplasm Transplantation, Osteoblasts pathology, Osteoclasts pathology, Radiography, Rats, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Bone Remodeling physiology, Bone and Bones pathology, Chondrosarcoma pathology
- Abstract
Chondrosarcoma is currently defined as a malignant cartilage tumour arising de novo or within a pre-existing benign cartilage tumour. Chondrosarcoma can be surgically resected, but all grades have significant rates of local recurrence. The purpose of the present study was to develop an animal intraosseous chondrosarcoma model simulating the progression of human chondrosarcoma and elucidating its behaviour and biology. An intraosseous Swarm rat model was designed to assess interactions between bone and chondrosarcoma. A comparison of tumour grading was carried out according to transplantation site. The effects of chondrosarcoma cells (SRC cells) on the mineralisation capacities of osteoblasts and on osteoclast differentiation were studied in relation to modifications observed in vivo at the cellular level. Transplantation of Swarm rat chondrosarcoma within bone marrow or contiguous to induced periosteal lesions led to extensive bone remodelling with trabecular bone rarefaction and periosteal apposition. Transplantation in close contact to bone but without any periosteal lesion had no effect on bone, suggesting that bone healing factors interact with tumour development. With the intramedullary model, the development of tumours of different grade confirms that bone environment is an important factor in malignancy. A decrease of bone nodule formation was noted after cocultures of SRC cells with rat bone marrow, but there was no modification of osteoclast differentiation after cultures of total rabbit bone cells with SRC cells. These data reveal the importance of interactions between bone environment and tumour in inducing bone remodelling and variations in tumour malignancy.
- Published
- 2002
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33. Radiation dose, chemotherapy and risk of lung cancer after breast cancer treatment.
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Rubino C, de Vathaire F, Diallo I, Shamsaldin A, Grimaud E, Labbe M, Contesso G, and Le M
- Subjects
- Adult, Aged, Breast Neoplasms drug therapy, Breast Neoplasms surgery, Case-Control Studies, Chemotherapy, Adjuvant, Cohort Studies, Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation, Female, Humans, Middle Aged, Risk Factors, Breast Neoplasms radiotherapy, Lung Neoplasms etiology, Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced pathology, Radiotherapy adverse effects, Survivors
- Abstract
It is of particular concern to evaluate the risk of lung cancer occurrence after breast cancer treatment as women with breast cancer quite often undergo radiation therapy as part of their initial treatment and their life expectancy remains long. From a roster of 7711 women initially treated for breast cancer between 1954 and 1984, a cohort-study was performed among 4171 1-year survivors followed during the period 1975-1995. The relationship between the radiation dose received by the lung and the risk of lung cancer was then evaluated in a nested case-control study of 11 breast-cancer patients who developed lung cancer and 22 controls matched for age at diagnosis of breast cancer, period of initial treatment and length of follow-up. Among the 4171 women, six developed lung cancer during the entire follow-up as compared to 5.4 cases expected (SIR = 1.1, 95% CI: 0.4-2.3). When considering only the women initially treated by radiotherapy with or without adjunction of chemotherapy and excluding the 10 first years of follow-up, the SIR was significantly increased (SIR = 3.2, 95%CI: 1.0-7.4). In the case-control study, nine of the 11 lung cancers occurred in the ipsilateral lung and two in the trachea. The overall odds ratio (OR) of lung cancer associated with initial radiotherapy was 1.4 (95% CI: 0.2-11.1) and an excess in the OR of 7% (90% CI: ? to 41%, p = 0.10) per gray delivered to the site of lung cancer was evidenced. Our results agree with previous studies in favor of an increased risk of lung cancer after radiation therapy for breast cancer.
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- 2002
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34. Recent advances in TGF-beta effects on chondrocyte metabolism. Potential therapeutic roles of TGF-beta in cartilage disorders.
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Grimaud E, Heymann D, and Rédini F
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- Animals, Cell Differentiation, Cell Division, Humans, MAP Kinase Signaling System, Models, Biological, Protein Isoforms, Signal Transduction, Transforming Growth Factor beta therapeutic use, Cartilage Diseases metabolism, Cartilage Diseases therapy, Chondrocytes drug effects, Chondrocytes metabolism, Transforming Growth Factor beta pharmacology
- Abstract
Novel approaches to treat osteoarthritis are required and progress in understanding the biology of cartilage disorders has led to the use of genes whose products stimulate cartilage repair or inhibit breakdown of the cartilaginous matrix. Among them, transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) plays a significant role in promoting chondrocyte anabolism in vitro (enhancing matrix production, cell proliferation, osteochondrogenic differentiation) and in vivo (short-term intra-articular injections lead to increased bone formation and subsequent cartilage formation, beneficial effects on osteochondrogenesis). In vivo induction of the expression of TGF-beta and the use of gene transfer may provide a new approach for treatment of osteoarthritic lesions.
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- 2002
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35. Potential synergies between matrix proteins and soluble factors on resorption and proteinase activities of rabbit bone cells.
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Rousselle AV, Damiens C, Grimaud E, Fortun Y, Padrines M, Passuti N, and Heymann D
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- Animals, Bone Resorption chemically induced, Bone and Bones cytology, Bone and Bones drug effects, Cathepsins metabolism, Cell Adhesion Molecules metabolism, Cells, Cultured, Collagen Type I administration & dosage, Collagen Type I metabolism, Drug Synergism, Extracellular Matrix Proteins administration & dosage, Human Growth Hormone administration & dosage, Human Growth Hormone pharmacology, Humans, Insulin-Like Growth Factor I administration & dosage, Insulin-Like Growth Factor I pharmacology, Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 metabolism, Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 metabolism, Rabbits, Receptors, Vitronectin antagonists & inhibitors, Receptors, Vitronectin metabolism, Vitronectin administration & dosage, Vitronectin metabolism, Bone Resorption metabolism, Bone and Bones metabolism, Endopeptidases metabolism, Extracellular Matrix Proteins metabolism
- Abstract
Human growth hormone (GH) has recently been found to stimulate osteoclastic resorption, cysteine-proteinase and metalloproteinase activities (MMP-2 and MMP-9) in vitro via insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) produced by stromal cells. The present study investigated the effects of two extracellular matrix components (vitronectin and type-I collagen) on hGH- and hIGF-1-stimulated osteoclastic resorption and proteinase activities in a rabbit bone cell model. After 4 days of rabbit bone cell culture on dentin slices with vitronectin coating, hGH and hIGF-1 stimulated bone resorption and hIGF-1 upmodulated cysteine-proteinase activities. MMP-2 expression (but not resorption, cathepsin or MMP-9 activities) was upmodulated by hGH and hIGF-1 on dentin slices coated with type I collagen as compared to those without coating. Then, vitronectin was synergistic with hIGF-1 in the regulation of cysteine-proteinase production whereas collagen showed synergy with hGH and hIGF-1 in the regulation of MMP-2 production. Anti-alphavbeta3 totally abolished the effects of hGH and hIGF-1 on metalloproteinase release, but had no influence on cathepsin release. The results suggest that cysteine-proteinase modulation is not mediated by alphavbeta3 integrin (strongly expressed on osteoclastic surface) whereas the resorption process and metalloproteinase modulation are clearly mediated by this integrin. Our finding about the collagen coating also suggests that hGH- and hIGF-1-stimulated MMP-2 activity are mediated, along with alphavbeta3 integrin, by another adhesion molecule.
- Published
- 2001
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36. Cysteine protease production by human osteosarcoma cells (MG63, SAOS2) and its modulation by soluble factors.
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Damiens C, Grimaud E, Rousselle AV, Charrier C, Fortun Y, Heymann D, and Padrines M
- Subjects
- Cathepsin L, Cysteine Endopeptidases biosynthesis, Growth Hormone pharmacology, Growth Inhibitors pharmacology, Human Growth Hormone, Humans, Insulin-Like Growth Factor I pharmacology, Interleukin-1 pharmacology, Interleukin-6 pharmacology, Leukemia Inhibitory Factor, Lymphokines pharmacology, Oncostatin M, Osteosarcoma, Peptides pharmacology, Solubility, Tumor Cells, Cultured, Cathepsin B biosynthesis, Cathepsins biosynthesis, Endopeptidases
- Abstract
The production of cysteine protease by two human osteosarcoma cell lines (MG-63 and SaOS2) was analyzed, as well as their modulation by interleukin 1beta (hIL-1 beta), interleukin 6 (hIL-6), insulin growth factor-1 (hIGF-1), oncostatin M (hOSM), leukemia inhibitory factor (hLIF) and growth hormone (hGH). Cysteine protease activities were detected using a synthetic substrate. The protease activities (especially cathepsin L activity) of both cell lines were increased significantly in the presence of hIL-1 beta, hIL-6 and hOSM. In contrast, hIGF-1 and hGH decreased these activities, and no effect was detectable in the presence of hLIF. The addition of antibodies against the gp-130 chain of the hIL-6 and hOSM receptors totally inhibited the stimulating effect of these two cytokines on cysteine protease activities. In increasing collagen type I degradation, hIL-1beta, hIL-6 and hOSM could be involved in bone resorption, whereas the inhibitory action of hIGF-1 and hGH on collagen type I degradation suggest that this factor could play a role in bone formation.
- Published
- 2000
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37. Thyroid carcinomas after irradiation for a first cancer during childhood.
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de Vathaire F, Hardiman C, Shamsaldin A, Campbell S, Grimaud E, Hawkins M, Raquin M, Oberlin O, Diallo I, Zucker JM, Panis X, Lagrange JL, Daly-Schveitzer N, Lemerle J, Chavaudra J, Schlumberger M, and Bonaïti C
- Subjects
- Adenoma epidemiology, Adenoma etiology, Adolescent, Adult, Carcinoma epidemiology, Carcinoma etiology, Child, Cohort Studies, Female, Follow-Up Studies, France epidemiology, Humans, Incidence, Male, Middle Aged, Radiotherapy Dosage, Retrospective Studies, Risk Factors, Thyroid Neoplasms epidemiology, Time Factors, United Kingdom epidemiology, Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced epidemiology, Neoplasms, Second Primary epidemiology, Thyroid Neoplasms etiology
- Abstract
Background: The thyroid gland is among the most radiosensitive organs. However, little is known about the long-term risk of developing a thyroid tumor after fractionated external radiotherapy for cancer during childhood., Objective: To study the long-term risk of developing a thyroid tumor in 4096 three-year survivors of childhood cancer treated between May 1942 and December 1985 in 8 centers in France and the United Kingdom, 2827 of whom had received external radiotherapy., Methods: A wide range of radiation doses were given to the thyroid: 1164 children received less than 0.5 Gy and 812 received more than 5.0 Gy, the average dose being 7.0 Gy., Results: After mean follow-up of 15 years (range, 3-45 years), 14 patients-all of whom had received radiotherapy-developed a clinical thyroid carcinoma. Within the cohort, the relation between radiation dose to the thyroid and risk of thyroid carcinoma and adenoma was similar to that observed in patients who received radiotherapy during childhood for other reasons, such as an excess relative risk per gray of 4 to 8, up to a few gray. In contrast, compared with thyroid cancer incidence in the general population, the standardized incidence of thyroid carcinoma was much higher than expected from the dose-response relationship estimated within the cohort and from patients who received radiotherapy during childhood for other reasons: a dose of 0.5 Gy was associated with a standardized incidence ratio of 35 (90% confidence interval, 10-87) and a dose of 3.6 Gy with a standardized incidence ratio of 73 (90% confidence interval, 28-153). We did not show a reduction in excess relative risk per gray with use of an increasing number of fractions., Conclusion: Although we cannot estimate the exact proportion, it is probable that some or all children who are treated for cancer are predisposed to developing a thyroid carcinoma.
- Published
- 1999
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38. Second malignant neoplasms after a first cancer in childhood: temporal pattern of risk according to type of treatment.
- Author
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de Vathaire F, Hawkins M, Campbell S, Oberlin O, Raquin MA, Schlienger JY, Shamsaldin A, Diallo I, Bell J, Grimaud E, Hardiman C, Lagrange JL, Daly-Schveitzer N, Panis X, Zucker JM, Sancho-Garnier H, Eschwège F, Chavaudra J, and Lemerle J
- Subjects
- Age of Onset, Antineoplastic Agents therapeutic use, Child, Child, Preschool, Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation, Follow-Up Studies, France epidemiology, Humans, Incidence, Infant, Neoplasms, Second Primary epidemiology, Risk Factors, Time Factors, United Kingdom epidemiology, Neoplasms, Second Primary therapy
- Abstract
The variation in the risk of solid second malignant neoplasms (SMN) with time since first cancer during childhood has been previously reported. However, no study has been performed that controls for the distribution of radiation dose and the aggressiveness of past chemotherapy, which could be responsible for the observed temporal variation of the risk. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of the treatment on the long-term pattern of the incidence of solid SMN after a first cancer in childhood. We studied a cohort of 4400 patients from eight centres in France and the UK. Patients had to be alive 3 years or more after a first cancer treated before the age of 17 years and before the end of 1985. For each patient in the cohort, the complete clinical, chemotherapy and radiotherapy history was recorded. For each patient who had received external radiotherapy, the dose of radiation received by 151 sites of the body were estimated. After a mean follow-up of 15 years, 113 children developed a solid SMN, compared to 12.3 expected from general population rates. A similar distribution pattern was observed among the 1045 patients treated with radiotherapy alone and the 2064 patients treated with radiotherapy plus chemotherapy; the relative risk, but not the excess absolute risk, of solid SMN decreased with time after first treatment; the excess absolute risk increased during a period of at least 30 years after the first cancer. This pattern remained after controlling for chemotherapy and for the average dose of radiation to the major sites of SMN. It also remained when excluding patients with a first cancer type or an associated syndrome known to predispose to SMN. When compared with radiotherapy alone, the addition of chemotherapy increases the risk of solid SMN after a first cancer in childhood, but does not significantly modify the variation of this risk during the time after the first cancer.
- Published
- 1999
- Full Text
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39. Risks of brain tumour following treatment for cancer in childhood: modification by genetic factors, radiotherapy and chemotherapy.
- Author
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Little MP, de Vathaire F, Shamsaldin A, Oberlin O, Campbell S, Grimaud E, Chavaudra J, Haylock RG, and Muirhead CR
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Brain Neoplasms etiology, Central Nervous System Neoplasms drug therapy, Central Nervous System Neoplasms radiotherapy, Child, Child, Preschool, Female, Follow-Up Studies, France epidemiology, Humans, Infant, Japan epidemiology, Male, Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced etiology, Neoplasms, Second Primary etiology, Neurofibromatoses drug therapy, Neurofibromatoses radiotherapy, Nuclear Warfare, Radiation, Ionizing, Radiotherapy adverse effects, Radiotherapy Dosage, Risk Factors, United Kingdom epidemiology, Antineoplastic Agents adverse effects, Brain Neoplasms epidemiology, Neoplasms drug therapy, Neoplasms radiotherapy, Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced epidemiology, Neoplasms, Second Primary epidemiology
- Abstract
A cohort of 4,400 persons treated for various cancers of childhood in France and the UK was followed up over an extended period to assess risks of subsequent brain tumour in relation to the radiotherapy and chemotherapy that the children received for their first cancer. Elevated risks of subsequent brain tumours were associated with first central nervous system (CNS) tumour (two-sided p = 0.0002) and neurofibromatosis (two-sided p = 0.001). There was also elevated brain tumour risk (two-sided p = 0.003) associated with ionising radiation exposure, the risk being concentrated among benign and unspecified brain tumours. The radiation-related risk of benign and unspecified brain tumours was significantly higher than that of malignant brain tumours (two-sided p< or =0.05); there was no significant change of malignant brain tumour risk with ionising radiation dose (two-sided p > 0.2). In general, there were no strong associations between alkylating agent dose and brain tumour risk. The only significant association between brain tumour risk and alkylating agent dose was in relation to compounds used (bleomycin, chloraminophen) that are thought not to deliver substantial doses to the brain; the statistical significance of the trend with dose depended on a single case, and thus must be considered a weak result.
- Published
- 1998
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40. Radiation dose, chemotherapy and risk of osteosarcoma after solid tumours during childhood.
- Author
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Le Vu B, de Vathaire F, Shamsaldin A, Hawkins MM, Grimaud E, Hardiman C, Diallo I, Vassal G, Bessa E, Campbell S, Panis X, Daly-Schveitzer N, Lagrange JL, Zucker JM, Eschwège F, Chavaudra J, and Lemerle J
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Bone Neoplasms chemically induced, Bone Neoplasms etiology, Case-Control Studies, Child, Child, Preschool, Cohort Studies, Female, Follow-Up Studies, France epidemiology, Humans, Incidence, Infant, Male, Middle Aged, Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced etiology, Neoplasms, Second Primary chemically induced, Neoplasms, Second Primary etiology, Odds Ratio, Osteosarcoma chemically induced, Osteosarcoma etiology, Risk Factors, Time Factors, United Kingdom epidemiology, Antineoplastic Agents adverse effects, Bone Neoplasms epidemiology, Neoplasms drug therapy, Neoplasms radiotherapy, Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced epidemiology, Neoplasms, Second Primary epidemiology, Osteosarcoma epidemiology, Radiotherapy adverse effects
- Abstract
Osteosarcoma is the most frequent second primary cancer occurring during the first 20 years following treatment for a solid cancer in childhood. Using a cohort study of children treated for a solid cancer, we investigated the incidence and etiology of osteosarcoma as a second malignant neoplasm after childhood cancer in a cohort and a case-control study. We analysed the relationship between the local dose of radiation and the risk of osteosarcoma, taking into account chemotherapy received. A cohort study of 4,400 3-year survivors of a first solid cancer during childhood diagnosed in France or the United Kingdom, between 1942 and 1986, revealed 32 subsequent osteosarcomas. In a nested case-control study, we matched 32 cases and 160 controls for sex, type of first cancer, age at first cancer and the duration of follow-up. Parameters studied were the incidence of osteosarcoma, the cumulative local dose of irradiation and the cumulative dose of chemotherapy received by cases and controls. The risk of a osteosarcoma was found to be a linear function of the local dose of radiation (excess relative risk per gray=1.8), and was found to increase with the number of moles of electrophilic agents per square meter but not with other drugs. No interaction was noted between radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Bilateral retinoblastoma, Ewing's sarcoma and soft tissue sarcoma were found to render patients susceptible to a higher risk of developing an osteosarcoma as a second malignant neoplasm. We recommend long-term surveillance of patients who were treated during childhood for bilateral retinoblastoma, Ewing's sarcoma, soft tissue sarcoma, as well as other first cancer treated with radiotherapy plus high doses of chemotherapy, without focusing exclusively on the radiation field.
- Published
- 1998
- Full Text
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41. Radiation and genetic factors in the risk of second malignant neoplasms after a first cancer in childhood.
- Author
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Kony SJ, de Vathaire F, Chompret A, Shamsaldim A, Grimaud E, Raquin MA, Oberlin O, Brugières L, Feunteun J, Eschwège F, Chavaudra J, Lemerle J, and Bonaïti-Pellié C
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Age of Onset, Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols classification, Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols therapeutic use, Case-Control Studies, Child, Child, Preschool, Cohort Studies, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Genes, p53 genetics, Heterozygote, Humans, Incidence, Lymphoma radiotherapy, Male, Middle Aged, Mutation genetics, Neurofibromatosis 1 genetics, Odds Ratio, Radiotherapy Dosage, Risk Factors, Sarcoma radiotherapy, Wilms Tumor radiotherapy, Neoplasms genetics, Neoplasms, Second Primary etiology, Radiotherapy adverse effects
- Abstract
Background: Radiotherapy and chemotherapy are associated with an increased risk of second malignant neoplasm (SMN). An association between SMN and familial aggregation has also been shown. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of familial factors in the risk of SMN and their potential interaction with the effect of treatment., Methods: We devised a case-control study of 25 children with SMN (cases) and 96 children with no SMN after a cancer treatment (controls), taken from a cohort of 649 children treated at our institution between 1953 and 1985. A complete family history was obtained for patients and controls and a familial index defined to evaluate the degree of familial aggregation. The radiation dose given at 151 sites in the body was estimated for each radiotherapy course for each child., Findings: Among family members of the 25 SMN cases, there were ten with early-onset (< or = 45 years) cancer, compared with eight among relatives of the 96 controls. Compared with patients who had no family history of early-onset cancer, those with one or more affected family members had an odds ratio for SMN of 4.7 (95% CI 1.3-17.1; p = 0.02). Adjustment for local radiation dose and exclusion of patients known to be predisposed to SMN (carriers of p53 mutation and those with Recklinghausen's disease) did not affect this risk substantially., Interpretation: Both genetic factors and exposure to ionising radiation have independent effects on the risk of SMN. Follow-up of children treated for cancer should be especially vigilant when there is a family history of early-onset cancer.
- Published
- 1997
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42. Solid malignant neoplasms after childhood irradiation: decrease of the relative risk with time after irradiation.
- Author
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de Vathaire F, Shamsaldin A, Grimaud E, Campbell S, Guerra M, Raquin M, Bessa E, Hardiman C, Jan P, and Rumeau N
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Age Factors, Child, Child, Preschool, Cohort Studies, Female, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Male, Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced secondary, Radiotherapy adverse effects, Risk Factors, Time Factors, Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced epidemiology
- Abstract
The pattern of the temporal distribution of solid cancer incidence after irradiation in childhood is not well known, although, its importance in radioprotection is well known. We studied a cohort of 1,055 children from 8 European cancer centres, who received radiotherapy between 1942 and 1985 for a first cancer in childhood. After a mean follow-up of 19 years, 26 children developed a solid second malignant neoplasm (SMN), as compared to 5.6 expected from general population rates. Both the excess relative risk and the excess of absolute risk of solid SMN were higher among children who were younger at time of the irradiation. After reaching a maximum 15 to 20 years after irradiation, the excess relative risk of SMN decreased with time after irradiation, when controlling for age at irradiation and sex. The analysis of the risk of thyroid, brain and breast cancer together, as a function of the dose averaged on these 3 organs lead to similar results.
- Published
- 1995
43. Regulatory, bioengineering and clinical requirements for cardiac valves: a new approach for a unique market.
- Author
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Lespinasse F, Grimaud E, and Piwnica A
- Subjects
- Biomedical Engineering, Europe, Forecasting, Humans, United States, United States Food and Drug Administration, Heart Valve Prosthesis standards
- Published
- 1994
44. Long-term effects on the thyroid of irradiation for skin angiomas in childhood.
- Author
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de Vathaire F, Fragu P, François P, Benhamou S, Ward P, Benhamou E, Avril MF, Grimaud E, Sancho-Garnier H, and Parmentier C
- Subjects
- Child, France epidemiology, Hemangioma epidemiology, Humans, Retrospective Studies, Risk, Skin Neoplasms epidemiology, Thyroid Nodule epidemiology, Time Factors, Hemangioma radiotherapy, Skin Neoplasms radiotherapy, Thyroid Gland radiation effects, Thyroid Nodule etiology
- Abstract
Thyroid morphological and functional tests were carried out on 396 patients who were recalled because their thyroid gland had been exposed during hemangioma irradiation in childhood 11-43 years before (median, 22 years). The irradiations have been classified into two categories based on their duration: short duration, from a few seconds to a few minutes (90S and X rays), and long duration, from 30 min to several hours (336Ra, 192Ir, and 32P). The risk of a thyroid nodule increased significantly with the total dose received by the thyroid; it was linked to the dose delivered in the short duration (excess relative risk per Gy = 10), but not to that delivered in the long duration. The risk of a simple diffuse goiter, which also increased with the dose received by the thyroid, did not depend on the duration of the irradiation. In conclusion, this study emphasizes the role of the dose rate in the risk of thyroid nodule, the detection of which does not appear to be improved by plasma thyroid marker determination.
- Published
- 1993
45. [Influence of the distribution of the dose on carcinogenic effects of ionizing radiations of low lineal energy transfer on the thyroid tissue].
- Author
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de Vathaire F, Fragu P, François P, Benhamou S, Grimaud E, Parmentier C, and Sancho-Garnier H
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Child, Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation, Energy Transfer, Head and Neck Neoplasms radiotherapy, Hemangioma radiotherapy, Humans, Radiation, Ionizing, Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced epidemiology, Thyroid Nodule epidemiology
- Abstract
The frequency of thyroid nodules has been studied among 396 children irradiated for a hemangioma, from 1946 to 1973. 226Ra, 192Ir, 90Y, 32P, 90Sr, as well as X-rays had been used for treatments. The doses of radiation received by the thyroid of each child have been estimated retrospectively. The irradiations have been classified in two categories based on their duration: less than 30 min., and more than 30 min. The doses received with each of these two types of irradiation were summed for each patient. The risk of thyroid nodule increased as a function of the dose to thyroid only for the dose delivered with the short duration. This study emphases the importance of the role of the dose rate in the risk of radio-induced tumour.
- Published
- 1992
46. Long-term risk of sarcoma following radiation treatment for breast cancer.
- Author
-
Taghian A, de Vathaire F, Terrier P, Le M, Auquier A, Mouriesse H, Grimaud E, Sarrazin D, and Tubiana M
- Subjects
- Adult, Aged, Breast Neoplasms epidemiology, Female, Fibrosarcoma epidemiology, Fibrosarcoma etiology, France epidemiology, Histiocytoma, Benign Fibrous epidemiology, Histiocytoma, Benign Fibrous etiology, Humans, Lymphangiosarcoma epidemiology, Lymphangiosarcoma etiology, Middle Aged, Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced epidemiology, Osteosarcoma epidemiology, Osteosarcoma etiology, Retrospective Studies, Sarcoma epidemiology, Time Factors, Breast Neoplasms radiotherapy, Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced etiology, Radiotherapy adverse effects, Sarcoma etiology
- Abstract
Between 1954 and 1983, 7620 patients were treated for breast carcinoma at Institut Gustave Roussy (France). Of these patients, 6919 were followed for at least 1 year. Out of these, 11 presented with sarcomas thought to be induced by irradiation, 2 of which were Steward-Treves Syndrome, and 9 of which were sarcomas within the irradiated fields. All histological slides were reviewed and a comparison with those of breast cancer was done. The sites of these sarcomas were: parietal wall, 1 case; second costal cartilage, 1 case; infraclavicular region, 1 case; supraclavicular region, 2 cases; internal third of the clavicle, 2 cases; axillary region 2 cases; and the internal side of the upper arm (Stewart-Treves syndrome), 2 cases. The median age of these 11 patients at the diagnosis of sarcomas was 65.8 (49-83). The mean latent period was 9.5 years (4-24). Three patients underwent radical mastectomy and nine modified radical mastectomy. Only one patient received chemotherapy. The radiation doses received at the site of the sarcoma were 45 Gy/18 fr. for 10 cases and 90-100 Gy for 1 case (due to overlapping between two fields). The histology was as follows: malignant fibrous histiocytoma, 5 cases; fibrosarcoma, 3 cases; lymphangiosarcoma, 2 cases; and osteochondrosarcoma, 1 case. The median survival following diagnosis of sarcoma was 2.4 years (4 months-9 years). Two patients are still alive: one with recurrence of her breast cancer, the other in complete remission, with 7 and 3 years follow-up, respectively. All other patients died from their sarcomas. The cumulative incidence of sarcoma following irradiation of breast cancer was 0.2% (0.09-0.47) at 10 years. The standardized incidence ratio (SIR) of sarcoma (observed n# of cases (Obs)/expected n# of cases (Exp) computed from the Danish Cancer Registry for the same period) was 1.81 (CI 0.91-3.23). This is significantly higher than one, with a p = 0.03 (One Tailed Exact Test). The mean annual excess (Obs-Exp)/100.000 person-years at risk during the same period/(100,000) was 9.92. This study suggests that patients treated by radiation for breast cancer have a risk of subsequent sarcomas that is higher than the general population. However, the benefit from adjuvant radiation therapy in the treatment of breast cancer exceeds the risk of second cancer; therefore, the potential of radiation-induced sarcomas should not be a factor in the selection of treatment for patients with breast cancer.
- Published
- 1991
- Full Text
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