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The electrochemical behavior of tin polycrystals in borate buffer solutions at pH 7.5 was systematically investigated using cyclic voltammetry, EC-STM and electrochemical impedance measurements. A systematic shift to more negative values of the potentials corresponding either to the major reduction peak either to the hydrogen evolution was measured when the anodization potential used for film growth was increased. A discussion about the different oxides there formed was included and a reassignation of tin oxidation and tin oxides reduction processes was given.

Smith, Darwin y sus propias observaciones como naturalista sirvieron a Kropotkin para desarrollar su teoría del apoyo mutuo como factor relevante del éxito adaptativo de las especies. Frente a la idea del propio interés como motivación económica fundamental, Kropotkin reivindicaba la importancia del comportamiento cooperativo basado en la empatía y la reciprocidad, algo que sólo recientemente ha empezado a atraer la atención de los economistas. Esta visión de la naturaleza humana fue uno de los elementos esenciales de la crítica de Kropotkin a la economía política y al llamado darwinismo social, que se analiza en el presente trabajo. Aunque el autor ruso fue seguramente el más leído por parte de los anarquistas españoles, estos no profundizaron en las implicaciones económicas de su obra ni en la idea del apoyo mutuo, dado que las cuestiones económicas fueron para ellos muy secundarias, careciendo de un pensamiento económico original y limitando generalmente sus análisis críticos al terreno ético. Palabras clave: Kropotkin, apoyo mutuo, cooperación, crítica a la economía política, anarquismo

Abstract To effectively navigate out of the climate crisis, a new interdisciplinary approach is needed to guide and facilitate research that integrates diverse understandings of how transitions evolve in intertwined social–environmental systems. The concept of tipping points, frequently used in the natural sciences and increasingly in the social sciences, can help elucidate processes underlying major social–environmental transitions. We develop the notion of interlinked ‘social–climatic tipping points’ in which desirability and intentionality are key constitutive features alongside stable states, feedbacks, reversibility and abruptness. We demonstrate the new insights that our interdisciplinary framework can provide by analysing the slowdown of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation and associated flooding of the Ahr Valley in Germany as a social–climatic tipping point. This framework can enable more sustainable and equitable futures by prioritising social–climatic tipping points for interdisciplinary research, identifying opportunities for action, and evaluating the nuanced desirability and acceptability of proposed solutions. Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.

This research focuses on examining the responses of interest groups listed in the European Transparency Register to the ongoing Russia–Ukraine war. Its aim is to investigate the nuanced reactions of 2579 commercial and business associations and 2957 companies and groups to the recent conflict, as expressed through their X (Twitter) activities. Utilizing advanced text mining and NLP and LDA techniques, this study conducts a comprehensive analysis encompassing language dynamics, thematic shifts, sentiment variations, and activity levels exhibited by these entities both before and after the outbreak of the war. The results obtained reflect a gradual decrease in negative emotions regarding the conflict over time. Likewise, multiple forms of outside lobbying are identified in the communication strategies of interest groups. All in all, this empirical inquiry into how interest groups adapt their messaging in response to complex geopolitical events holds the potential to provide invaluable insights into the multifaceted role of lobbying in shapi ng public policies.

Increasing economic, social and environmental limits to the development of conventional water supply sources have shifted water resource frontiers to alternative sources, most notably desalination and wastewater reuse. In the past few years, critical scholarship has been prolific in its exploration of how desalination may redraw the hydrosocial cycle in different geographies; wastewater reuse, however, has received much less attention. In this article, we aim to contribute to a critical exploration of the implications of different types of wastewater reuse for urban purposes. We do so through an examination of the case of the Metropolitan Area of Barcelona (AMB), an area with a fragile water supply system that has been undergoing a harsh drought in 2022/2023. We examine two examples of how treated wastewater may enter the residential sphere. The first involves the reuse of greywater for toilet flushing in residential buildings. The second is linked to the possibilities that advanced treatment of wastewater open up in terms of making urban water systems more robust and more resilient to recurring droughts; this advanced strategy enables both the bolstering of indirect reuse of reclaimed water for potable purposes and direct reuse through the development of dual networks of supply in new urban areas. In this paper, we attempt to unravel the different economic, social, environmental and political implications of those interventions through the lens of the hydrosocial cycle and resource frontiers. We triangulate a critical review of policy documents with informal conversations with policymakers and, in one of the case studies, previous research.

Summary: Clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) is an essential cellular process, conserved among eukaryotes. Yeast constitutes a powerful genetic model to dissect the complex endocytic machinery, yet there is a lack of specific pharmacological agents to interfere with CME in these organisms. TL2 is a light-regulated peptide inhibitor targeting the AP2-β-adaptin/β-arrestin interaction and that can photocontrol CME with high spatiotemporal precision in mammalian cells. Here, we study endocytic protein dynamics by live-cell imaging of the fluorescently tagged coat-associated protein Sla1-GFP, demonstrating that TL2 retains its inhibitory activity in S. cerevisiae spheroplasts. This is despite the β-adaptin/β-arrestin interaction not being conserved in yeast. Our data indicate that the AP2 α-adaptin is the functional target of activated TL2. We identified as interacting partners for the α-appendage, the Eps15 and epsin homologues Ede1 and Ent1. This demonstrates that endocytic cargo loading and sensing can be executed by conserved molecular interfaces, regardless of the proteins involved.

Electron transfer between mitochondrial cytochrome c and subunit of cytochrome bc 1 can proceed at long distance. Here the authors investigate further the mechanism and show phosphorylation regulation of the interactions between the protein partners in the electron transport chain.

The physiological activity of proteins is often studied with loss-of-function genetic approaches, but the corresponding phenotypes develop slowly and can be confounding. Photopharmacology allows direct, fast, and reversible control of endogenous protein activity, with spatiotemporal resolution set by the illumination method. Here, we combine a photoswitchable allosteric modulator (alloswitch) and 2-photon excitation using pulsed near-infrared lasers to reversibly silence metabotropic glutamate 5 (mGlu5) receptor activity in intact brain tissue. Endogenous receptors can be photoactivated in neurons and astrocytes with pharmacological selectivity and with an axial resolution between 5 and 10 µm. Thus, 2-photon pharmacology using alloswitch allows investigating mGlu5-dependent processes in wild-type animals, including synaptic formation and plasticity, and signaling pathways from intracellular organelles.

Uno de los propósitos de la línea de investigación Economía y Literatura es analizar la transmisión y divulgación de las ideas económicas, desde aquellos que reflexionaron en profundidad sobre las cuestiones económicas hasta el público en general. Precisamente, el presente trabajo profundiza en cómo se plasmaron las ideas de los escolásticos españoles sobre moral económica en una serie de obras dramáticas del Siglo de Oro. Se trata de piezas representadas en los corrales de comedias, a los que asistía un amplio y muy variado público, y entre cuyos autores están Calderón, Góngora, Lope de Vega, Ruiz de Alarcón o Aguilar.

In the intricate and multifaceted landscape of the European construction process, where the development and governance of the European Union take shape through a myriad of policies, institutions, and stakeholders, this study delves into the role of lobbies affiliated with the European Transparency Register. It focuses on the relationship between the utilization of social media platforms and the representation costs among interest groups. Analysis of data from 12,430 groups, encompassing website presence, social media engagement, and declared representation costs, reveals that 97.14% of groups maintain websites, while 67.52% actively use social media platforms. Among groups disclosing representation costs, the mean is EUR 181,333, with a median of EUR 74,999. Multiple linear regression analysis uncovers a positive association between Twitter and YouTube usage and representation costs, while Facebook usage demonstrates a negative correlation. However, no statistically significant relationships are observed for Instagram, TikTok, and LinkedIn. These findings offer insights into the potential impact of social media on representation costs for interest groups.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by neuronal and synaptic loss. One process that could contribute to this loss is the intracellular caspase cleavage of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) resulting in release of the toxic C-terminal 31-amino acid peptide APP-C31 along with the production of APPΔC31, full-length APP minus the C-terminal 31 amino acids. We previously found that a mutation in APP that prevents this caspase cleavage ameliorated synaptic loss and cognitive impairment in a murine AD model. Thus, inhibition of this cleavage is a reasonable target for new therapeutic development. In order to identify small molecules that inhibit the generation of APP-C31, we first used an APPΔC31 cleavage site-specific antibody to develop an AlphaLISA to screen several chemical compound libraries for the level of N-terminal fragment production. This antibody was also used to develop an ELISA for validation studies. In both high throughput screening (HTS) and validation testing, the ability of compounds to inhibit simvastatin- (HTS) or cerivastatin- (validation studies) induced caspase cleavage at the APP-D720 cleavage site was determined in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells stably transfected with wildtype (wt) human APP (CHO-7W). Several compounds, as well as control pan-caspase inhibitor Q-VD-OPh, inhibited APPΔC31 production (measured fragment) and rescued cell death in a dose-dependent manner. The effective compounds fell into several classes including SERCA inhibitors, inhibitors of Wnt signaling, and calcium channel antagonists. Further studies are underway to evaluate the efficacy of lead compounds - identified here using cells and tissues expressing wt human APP - in mouse models of AD expressing mutated human APP, as well as to identify additional compounds and determine the mechanisms by which they exert their effects.

Son numerosos los estudios que, desde diferentes perspectivas, han tratado el debate mantenido en el Imperio español durante el siglo XVI sobre la esclavitud del indio americano, protagonizado –entre otros– por Francisco de Vitoria y sus discípulos de la Escuela de Salamanca, y también –fuera del ámbito académico– por fray Bartolomé de las Casas y Juan Ginés de Sepúlveda. El objeto de este trabajo es estudiar si este debate caló en la sociedad española. Para ello se analizan tres piezas teatrales del Siglo de Oro firmadas por dramaturgos de la talla de Tirso de Molina, Lope de Vega y Pedro Calderón de Barca, que –dada su enorme popularidad– tuvieron capacidad de llegar al considerable público que se congregaba en los corrales de comedias. ¿Se impregnaron estos tres dramaturgos de la controversia sobre los indios protagonizada, entre otros autores, por Vitoria, Las Casas y Sepúlveda? ¿Captaron plenamente en sus obras el sutil debate que mantuvieron Vitoria, Las Casas y Sepúlveda cuando interpretaron de forma diferente los argumentos aristotélicos sobre la esclavitud y las consecuencias que de ellos se derivaban en cuanto la posibilidad de esclavizar o no a los indios?

Abstract Objective The aim of this scoping review was to overview the cost-of-illness studies conducted in rare diseases. Methods We searched papers published in English in PubMed from January 2007 to December 2018. We selected cost-of-illness studies on rare diseases defined as those with prevalence lower than 5 per 10,000 cases. Studies were selected by one researcher and verified by a second researcher. Methodological characteristics were extracted to develop a narrative synthesis. Results We included 63 cost-of-illness studies on 42 rare diseases conducted in 25 countries, and 9 systematic reviews. Most studies (94%) adopted a prevalence-based estimation, where the predominant design was cross-sectional with a bottom-up approach. Only four studies adopted an incidence-based estimation. Most studies used questionnaires to patients or caregivers to collect resource utilisation data (67%) although an important number of studies used databases or registries as a source of data (48%). Costs of lost productivity, non-medical costs and informal care costs were included in 68%, 60% and 43% of studies, respectively. Conclusion This review found a paucity of cost-of-illness studies in rare diseases. However, the analysis shows that the cost-of-illness studies of rare diseases are feasible, although the main issue is the lack of primary and/or aggregated data that often prevents a reliable estimation of the economic burden.

Combining historical climatology and environmental history, this article examines the diverse range of strategies deployed by the city government of Barcelona (Catalonia, NE Spain) to confront the recurrent drought episodes experienced between 1626 and 1650. Our reconstruction of drought in Barcelona for the period 1525–1821, based on pro pluvia rogations as documentary proxy data, identifies the years 1626–1635 and the 1640s as the most significant drought events of the series (highest drought frequency weighted index and drought duration index). We then focus on the period 1601–1650, providing a timeline that visualises rain rogation levels in Barcelona at a monthly resolution. Against this backdrop, we examine institutional responses to drought and discuss how water scarcity was perceived and confronted by Barcelona city authorities. Among the several measures implemented, we present the ambitious water supply projects launched by the city government, together with the construction of windmills as an alternative to watermills, as a diversification strategy aimed at coping better with diminishing water flows. We pay special attention to the institutional efforts to codify the knowledge about Barcelona's water supply, which in 1650 resulted in the Book of Fountains of the City of Barcelona (Llibre de les Fonts de la Ciutat de Barcelona). This manual of urban water supply, written by the city water officer after 3 decades of experience in his post, constitutes a rare and valuable source to study water management history but also includes significant information to interpret historical climate. We analyse the production of this manual in the context of 3 decades marked by recurrent episodes of severe drought. We interpret the city government aspiration to codify knowledge about urban water supply as an attempt to systematise and store historical information on infrastructure to improve institutional capacities to cope with future water scarcities.

Abstract Background The LipiDiDiet trial showed that Souvenaid, a medical food, might delay progression to dementia in prodromal Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The objective of this study was to assess the cost-utility of Souvenaid compared to placebo in patients with prodromal AD under the conditions applied in that trial. Methods A discrete event simulation model was developed based on the LipiDiDiet trial and a literature review to assess the cost-utility of Souvenaid from a societal perspective considering direct and indirect costs. For both intervention and control groups, patient trajectories in terms of functional decline on the Clinical Dementia Rating Sum of Boxes (CDR-SB) scale in LipiDiDiet were reproduced statistically with mixed models by assigning time until events to simulated patients. From the societal perspective, four scenarios were analysed by combining different options for treatment duration and diagnostic test cost. Univariate sensitivity analysis assessed parameter uncertainties. Results Validation results at year 2 of disease progression fit with CDR-SB progression in LipiDiDiet. The incremental cost-utility ratio (ICUR) in the baseline case was €22,743/quality-adjusted life year (QALY). All scenarios rendered an ICUR lower than €25,000/QALY (the societal threshold). Moreover, the treatment option was cost-saving and increased health benefits when diagnostic costs were not considered and treatment was only administered during the prodromal stage. Conclusions Treating prodromal AD with Souvenaid is a cost-effective intervention in all scenarios analysed. The LipiDiDiet trial showed a modest improvement in disease course but as the social costs of AD are very high, the intervention was efficient. Assessing small benefits at specific stages of AD is relevant because it is reasonable to expect that no effective, safe and affordable disease-modifying therapies will become available in the short to medium term.

Des de principis del segle xxi, una nova fornada d’estudis sobre la història del cooperativisme s’ha interessat per la influència d’aquest moviment d’emancipació en la configuració dels barris populars. Des d’una perspectiva urbana i microhistò- rica, la recerca sobre cooperatives i cooperativistes ha nodrit l’anàlisi de les relacions entre cooperativisme, obrerisme i associacionisme popular. L’estudi de la trajectòria de Celestí Ventura Raballí (1892-1969) en el sindicalisme i el cooperativisme, i la seva dedicació a la cooperativa La Fraternitat de la Barceloneta (Barcelona) per- met aprofundir en aquestes relacions de dues maneres. En primer lloc, examinant el rol de les cooperatives com a rereguarda del moviment obrer i, de forma més general, les mútues influències entre lluites obreres i expansió del cooperativisme. En segon lloc, i atenent a la participació de Ventura en les estructures sindicalistes, cooperativistes i mutualistes, explorant la multiplicitat de funcions que caracteritzà l’associacionisme obrerista a Catalunya durant bona part del segle xx.

Clay is of great interest as a 3D printing material thanks to its ease of use, recyclability and reusability. This paper analyses the technical aspects of the whole printing process. The behaviour of 3D printing clay is studied with respect to the environment and its specific application as a temporary or definitive formwork system for cement parts. The study addresses the performance of clay and the loss of its properties and characteristics according to the type of protection, whether it is in direct contact with air or cement, or protected with plastics, metal sheets, or combinations of both. A 3D printing system with various printers and 3D models has been considered, observing a direct relationship between the prototype shape, extrusion process and resulting material. The most important variables in 3D printing have been considered: layer height, line thickness, base definition, total model height, overhang angles, overlap between layers, etc. The main technical aspects have been analysed such as raw material properties, kneading, process control, post-treatments and material hardening. As a natural material, clay can be reused indefinitely under certain conditions to be part of a circular economy with low energy consumption and minimal resources. It is concluded that the option of using ceramics in 3D printing for very diverse uses in the architecture, engineering & construction (AEC) sector is very promising due to their ease of implementation, recycling capability and suitability to different environments.

Introduction: In our community up to 2016, treatment with direct-acting antivirals was limited to patients with advanced fibrosis, and from January 2017, treatment was allowed to all patients, regardless of their fibrosis stage. Objectives: To assess changes in the profile of patients treated, and their impact on th outcome. Methods: We collected clinical information, virological characteristics, type of therapy and Sustained Virological Response from patients treated between 2014-2016 (prioritised treatment) and 2017-June 2020 (universal access). Results: We treated 1148 patients until June 2020, 361 between 2014-2016 and 787 between 2017-June 2020. In both periods, the majority were male (although we see an increase in women in 2nd period, 35 vs 43%). The percentage of patients with fibrosis 3-4 was clearly higher in the first period (88.8), as expected due to the prioritisation policy, but in the 2nd period it still represents 30.6% of patients. Of these, 63.2 and 20.4% of patients had cirrhosis. We treated few patients with decompensated cirrhosis, most of them in the first period (10 vs. 2). Genotype 1, mainly 1b, was the most prevalent in both periods. Regarding treatment, 28.8% of patients in the first period had received some previous treatment (vs 7.8% in the 2nd period). In the first period ribavirin was routinely used (67.6% vs 11.7%), pan-genotypic treatments were used in only 14.1% of patients (vs. 75.2%) and treatments were longer (8 weeks: 0 vs. 44.7%, 12 weeks: 66.5 vs. 52.2%, 24 weeks: 32.7 vs. 2.7%). SVR rate was slightly superior in the second period (99.1 vs 96.1%). Conclusions: Despite having prioritised the treatment of patients with advanced fibrosis, these patients still represent one third of those subsequently treated. This should make us persevere in our efforts to identify patients with Hepatitis C. On the other hand, the advent of new, shorter duration pan-genotypic treatments has greatly simplified treatment and improved SVR rates.

Pérez-Olivares, Alejandro (2018)Victoria y control en el Madrid ocupado. Los del Europa (1939-1946)Madrid: Traficantes de Sueños, 211 p. (Publicat sota llicència Creative Commons 3.0)ISBN 978-84-948068-6-5

Understanding the dopaminergic system is a priority in neurobiology and neuropharmacology. Dopamine receptors are involved in the modulation of fundamental physiological functions, and dysregulation of dopaminergic transmission is associated with major neurological disorders. However, the available tools to dissect the endogenous dopaminergic circuits have limited specificity, reversibility, resolution, or require genetic manipulation. Here, we introduce azodopa, a novel photoswitchable ligand that enables reversible spatiotemporal control of dopaminergic transmission. We demonstrate that azodopa activates D1-like receptors in vitro in a light-dependent manner. Moreover, it enables reversibly photocontrolling zebrafish motility on a timescale of seconds and allows separating the retinal component of dopaminergic neurotransmission. Azodopa increases the overall neural activity in the cortex of anesthetized mice and displays illumination-dependent activity in individual cells. Azodopa is the first photoswitchable dopamine agonist with demonstrated efficacy in wild-type animals and opens the way to remotely controlling dopaminergic neurotransmission for fundamental and therapeutic purposes.

Abstract The ability to control neural activity is essential for research not only in basic neuroscience, as spatiotemporal control of activity is a fundamental experimental tool, but also in clinical neurology for therapeutic brain interventions. Transcranial‐magnetic, ultrasound, and alternating/direct current (AC/DC) stimulation are some available means of spatiotemporal controlled neuromodulation. There is also light‐mediated control, such as optogenetics, which has revolutionized neuroscience research, yet its clinical translation is hampered by the need for gene manipulation. As a drug‐based light‐mediated control, the effect of a photoswitchable muscarinic agonist (Phthalimide‐Azo‐Iper (PAI)) on a brain network is evaluated in this study. First, the conditions to manipulate M2 muscarinic receptors with light in the experimental setup are determined. Next, physiological synchronous emergent cortical activity consisting of slow oscillations—as in slow wave sleep—is transformed into a higher frequency pattern in the cerebral cortex, both in vitro and in vivo, as a consequence of PAI activation with light. These results open the way to study cholinergic neuromodulation and to control spatiotemporal patterns of activity in different brain states, their transitions, and their links to cognition and behavior. The approach can be applied to different organisms and does not require genetic manipulation, which would make it translational to humans.

Vicente Burgaleta, an industrial engineer (1891-1952) embodies some “lights” and “shadows” in Spain in the first third of the 20th century. On the side of the “lights”, his figure reflects the importance of engineers in the incorporation of Spain to the innovations of the second industrial revolution. It also illustrates the improvement experienced by the country in the field of technical training. In fact, Burgaleta brilliantly combined technical competence, scientific-academic concerns, and interest in economic and management issues. For example, he was one of the greatest experts in electric traction, was linked to the group of the first Spanish “relativists”, was among the forerunners of the failed introduction of Taylorism, and reflected on multiple socioeconomic issues. However, on the side of the “shadows”, Burgaleta’s position as General Inspector of Stores and his subsequent escape to Bolivia –accused of embezzlement and falsification of documents– exemplifies the old problems of corruption, inefficiency and fraud of the Public Administration.

Aina Gomila,1,2 J Carratalà,1–3 N Eliakim-Raz,4 E Shaw,1,2 I Wiegand,5 L Vallejo-Torres,6 A Gorostiza,2 JM Vigo,7 S Morris,6 M Stoddart,8 S Grier,8 C Vank,5 N Cuperus,9 L Van den Heuvel,9 C Vuong,5 A MacGowan,8 L Leibovici,4 I Addy,5 M Pujol1,2 On behalf of COMBACTE MAGNET WP5 RESCUING Study Group and Study Sites 1Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Institut Català de la Salut (ICS-HUB), Spanish Network for Research in Infectious Diseases (REIPI RD12/0015), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain; 2Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain; 3Infectious Diseases Department, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; 4Department of Medicine E, Beilinson Hospital, Rabin Medical Center, Petah-Tiqva and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel; 5AiCuris Anti-infective Cures, Wuppertal, Germany; 6UCL Department of Applied Health Research, University College London, London, UK; 7Informatics Unit, Fundació Institut Català de Farmacologia, Barcelona, Spain; 8Department of Medical Microbiology, Southmead Hospital, North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, UK; 9Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands Purpose: Complicated urinary tract infections (cUTIs) are among the most frequent health-care-associated infections. In patients with cUTI, Pseudomonas aeruginosa deserves special attention, since it can affect patients with serious underlying conditions. Our aim was to gain insight into the risk factors and prognosis of P. aeruginosa cUTIs in a scenario of increasing multidrug resistance (MDR). Methods: This was a multinational, retrospective, observational study at 20 hospitals in south and southeastern Europe, Turkey, and Israel including consecutive patients with cUTI hospitalized between January 2013 and December 2014. A mixed-effect logistic regression model was performed to assess risk factors for P. aeruginosa and MDR P. aeruginosa cUTI.Results: Of 1,007 episodes of cUTI, 97 (9.6%) were due to P. aeruginosa. Resistance rates of P. aeruginosa were: antipseudomonal cephalosporins 35 of 97 (36.1%), aminoglycosides 30 of 97 (30.9%), piperacillin–tazobactam 21 of 97 (21.6%), fluoroquinolones 43 of 97 (44.3%), and carbapenems 28 of 97 (28.8%). The MDR rate was 28 of 97 (28.8%). Independent risk factors for P. aeruginosa cUTI were male sex (OR 2.61, 95% CI 1.60–4.27), steroid therapy (OR 2.40, 95% CI 1.10–5.27), bedridden functional status (OR 1.79, 95% CI 0.99–3.25), antibiotic treatment within the previous 30 days (OR 2.34, 95% CI 1.38–3.94), indwelling urinary catheter (OR 2.41, 95% CI 1.43–4.08), and procedures that anatomically modified the urinary tract (OR 2.01, 95% CI 1.04–3.87). Independent risk factors for MDR P. aeruginosa cUTI were age (OR 0.96, 95% CI 0.93–0.99) and anatomical urinary tract modification (OR 4.75, 95% CI 1.06–21.26). Readmission was higher in P. aeruginosa cUTI patients than in other etiologies (23 of 97 [23.7%] vs 144 of 910 [15.8%], P=0.04), while 30-day mortality was not significantly different (seven of 97 [7.2%] vs 77 of 910 [8.5%], P=0.6).Conclusion: Patients with P. aeruginosa cUTI had characteristically a serious baseline condition and manipulation of the urinary tract, although their mortality was not higher than that of patients with cUTI caused by other etiologies. Keywords: health care-associated infections, complicated urinary tract infections, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, multidrug-resistance