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As promising photovoltaic materials, halide perovskites display large structural modifiability specific to their organic‐inorganic hybrid lattices, thus providing key to unlock many enhanced and novel physical properties. In particular, hybrid perovskites exhibit extraordinary functional responses to mechanical stimulation due to their soft lattices. However, a general pattern describing the evolution of perovskite properties under pressure is missing, rendering such research without theoretical guidance and further the optimization of optoelectronic performance. Here, a framework delineating the pressure‐dependent evolutions of lattice structure, bandgap, and photoluminescence (PL) across four distinct regions in all perovskites assuming 3D and 2D structures is unveiled, accrediting long‐range disorderness to be the common origin of bandgap blueshift, PL annihilation, and structural amorphization. Using such developed model as an instructional guideline, an optical bandgap and luminescent evolutions in quasi‐2D tin(II) iodide perovskites are revealed, where (C4H9NH3)2(CH3NH3)Sn2I7 (C4H9NH3+: butylammonium; CH3NH3+: methylammonium) is found to be the softest perovskite (bulk modulus ≈4.8 GPa) known so far. By meticulously choosing appropriate peak pressure ≈4 GPa, (C4H9NH3)2(CH3NH3)Sn2I7 shows irreversible defect healing (carrier lifetime prolongation from 7 to 22 ns) and permanent PL enhancement upon decompression to ambient condition, signifying practicality of the pressure‐driven behaviors unveiled in this work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the pursuit of low‐dose flat‐panel X‐ray detection and imaging, controlling dark current is pivotal. Modulating the bandgap and resistivity of photosensitive materials is one of the methods to reduce dark current. The study introduces a novel approach by first demonstrating a non‐perovskite orthorhombic phase δ‐CsPbI2Br thick film, fabricated using an innovative elastic molecular‐assisted coating strategy. This technique results in a material with an optimized bandgap of 2.30 eV and a significantly elevated resistivity of 2.42 × 10¹⁰ Ω cm. Consequently, this leads to an ultralow dark current of 1.34 nA cm⁻2. Leveraging this advancement, the developed X‐ray detectors showcase a groundbreaking low detection limit of 53 nGyair s⁻¹, surpassing the performance of their cubic‐phase counterparts. Remarkably, the material exhibits excellent phase stability, maintaining its properties for up to 80 days. By integrating with a thin‐film transistor array, a flat‐panel X‐ray detector that delivers high‐quality 8‐bit imaging across a 64 × 64 matrix is successfully engineered. This work not only presents a transformative approach to substantially reduce dark current in low‐dose X‐ray detection but also sets a new benchmark in the field by combining enhanced imaging capability with robust long‐term stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) are increasingly gaining attention due to its characteristics of low toxicity, high activity, and stability. Additionally, Bacillus licheniformis, as a probiotic, has achieved remarkable research outcomes in diverse fields such as medicine, feed processing, and pesticides, attracting widespread attention. Consequently, evaluating the activity of probiotics and SeNPs is paramount. The utilization of probiotics to synthesize SeNPs, achieving large-scale industrialization, is a current hotspot in the field of SeNPs synthesis and is currently the most promising synthetic method. To minimize production costs and maximize yield of SeNPs, this study selected agricultural by-products that are nutrient-rich, cost-effective, and readily available as culture medium components. This approach not only fulfills industrial production requirements but also mitigates the impact on downstream processes. Results: The experimental findings revealed that SeNPs synthesized by B. licheniformis F1 exhibited a spherical morphology with diameters ranging from 110 to 170 nm and demonstrating high stability. Both the secondary metabolites of B. licheniformis F1 and the synthesized SeNPs possessed significant free radical scavenging ability. To provide a more robust foundation for acquiring large quantities of SeNPs via fermentation with B. licheniformis F1, key factors were identified through single-factor experiments and response surface methodology (RSM) include a 2% seed liquid inoculum, a temperature of 37 ℃, and agitation at 180 rpm. Additionally, critical factors during the optimization process were corn powder (11.18 g/L), soybean meal (10.34 g/L), and NaCl (10.68 g/L). Upon validating the optimized conditions and culture medium, B. licheniformis F1 can synthesize nearly 100.00% SeNPs from 5 mmol/L sodium selenite. Subsequently, pilot-scale verification in a 5 L fermentor using the optimized medium resulted in a shortened fermentation time, significantly reducing production costs. Conclusion: In this study, the efficient production of SeNPs by the probiotic B. licheniformis F1 was successfully achieved, leading to a significant reduction in fermentation costs. The exploration of the practical applications of this strain holds significant potential and provides valuable guidance for facilitating the industrial-scale implementation of microbial synthesis of SeNPs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polymers undergoing controlled degradation are of significant current interest. Among the classes of degradable polymers, self-immolative polymers (SIPs) are attracting increasing attention due to their ability to completely depolymerize from end to end following the cleavage of their endcap or backbone. Their amplified responses to stimuli, along with their ability to readily tune the stimulus to which they respond by changing only their endcap, are useful features for a variety of applications. This review covers the major classes of SIPs, including poly(benzyl carbamate)s, poly(benzyl ether)s, polyphthalaldehydes, polyglyoxylates, polydisulfides, polythioesters, and their related derivatives along with their endcaps. Distinctive features of their syntheses and depolymerizations are discussed. Applications of SIPs including imaging and sensing, therapeutics, gels, micro- and nanopatterning, transient or recyclable materials, and adhesives are described. We conclude with some challenges and future perspectives for the field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites are emerging semiconductors for cheap and efficient photovoltaics and light-emitting devices. Different from conventional inorganic semiconductors, hybrid perovskites consist of coexisting organic and inorganic sub-lattices, which present disparate atomic masses and bond strengths. The nanoscopic interpenetration of these disparate components, which lack strong electronic and vibrational coupling, presents fundamental challenges to the understanding of charge and heat dissipation. Here we study phonon population and equilibration processes in methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3) by transiently probing the vibrational modes of the organic sub-lattice following above-bandgap optical excitation. We observe inter-sub-lattice thermal equilibration on timescales ranging from hundreds of picoseconds to a couple of nanoseconds. As supported by a two-temperature model based on first-principles calculations, the slow thermal equilibration is attributable to the sequential phonon populations of the inorganic and organic sub-lattices, respectively. The observed long-lasting thermal non-equilibrium offers insights into thermal transport and heat management of the emergent hybrid material class.

The precise, controllable, and safe application of pesticides can effectively reduce pesticide consumption and minimize chemical pollution at the source. Here, a light‐responsive controlled‐release system with flexible control, precise release, easy recovery, and suitability for future pesticide application in aquatic environments is proposed. The system precisely controls the release of pesticides through a light‐responsive composite nanochannel membrane (CTC@SNM/PET) with reactive coumarin derivatives (CTC) as gating molecules. The prepared nanochannel membrane has an ultrathin thickness of 67.5 nm and well‐ordered vertical nanochannels with a uniform size of 1.9 nm, providing a prerequisite for precise molecular gating and high permeability for mass transport. CTC monomers can realize cycloaddition/cyclocracking and nanochannel closing/opening to control the release of pesticides by controlling 365/254 nm ultraviolet light irradiation. As a proof of concept, the light‐responsive controlled‐release system based on CTC@MSF/PET against Saprolegnia parasitica achieves an inhibition rate of more than 95% and reduces pesticide residues by 56.5% compared to the control group. The proposed membrane system has great application potential to easily enable remote, quantitative, timed, and positioned pesticide application, thereby reducing pesticide residues and providing a prospective approach to reducing environmental and human risks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Secondary trastuzumab resistance represents an evolutionary adaptation of HER2‐positive breast cancer during anti‐HER2 treatment. Most current studies have tended to prioritize HER2 and its associated signaling pathways, often overlooking broader but seemingly less relevant cellular processes, along with their associated genetic and epigenetic mechanisms. Here, transcriptome data is not only characterized but also examined epigenomic and 3D genome architecture information in both trastuzumab‐sensitive and secondary‐resistant breast cancer cells. The findings reveal that the global metabolic reprogramming associated with trastuzumab resistance may stem from genome‐wide alterations in both histone modifications and chromatin structure. Specifically, the transcriptional activities of key genes involved in lipid metabolism appear to be regulated by variant promoter H3K27me3 and H3K4me3 modifications, as well as promoter‐enhancer interactions. These discoveries offer valuable insights into how cancer cells adapt to anti‐tumor drugs and have the potential to impact future diagnostic and treatment strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: tRF-27 has been identified as upregulated in both naïve trastuzumab-resistant HER2-positive breast cancer cells and patient samples, positioning it as a potential biomarker. However, the underlying mechanisms of this upregulation remain unclear. This study proposes that the abnormal transcription of specific tRNA-Cys-GCA isodecoders in naïve trastuzumab-resistant cells might contribute to the accumulation of tRF-27. Additionally, the reduction in H3K27me3 modifications at these tRNA genes, attributed to imbalances in histone modification enzymes, appears to influence tRNA transcription alterations. Building upon these findings, our research demonstrates that the application of a demethylase inhibitor may offer a potential strategy to overcome trastuzumab resistance. tRNA-derived fragments (tRFs) play crucial roles in cancer progression. Among them, tRF-27 has been identified as a key factor in promoting naïve trastuzumab resistance in HER2-positive breast cancer. However, the origin of tRF-27 remains uncertain. In this study, we propose that the upregulated expression of specific cysteine tRNAs may lead to the increased accumulation of tRF-27 in trastuzumab-resistant JIMT1 cells. Mechanistically, the reduced inhibitory H3K27me3 modification at the promoter regions of tRF-27-related tRNA genes in JIMT1 cells, potentially resulting from decreased EZH2 and increased KDM6A activity, may be a critical factor stimulating the transcriptional activity of these tRNA genes. Our research offers fresh insights into the mechanisms underlying elevated tRF-27 levels in trastuzumab-resistant breast cancer cells and suggests potential strategies to mitigate trastuzumab resistance in clinical treatments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells (TSCs) have aroused much attentions in recent years. One of keys for achieving highly efficient and stable TSCs is to guarantee effective charge transfer, especially on the rough textured silicon substrate due to the poor adhesion between interlayers. Here, a 2‐fluoroisonicotinic acid (2‐FNA) additive that possesses fluorine (‐F), carboxylic acid (‐COOH), and pyridine nitrogen as functional groups in the perovskite precursor to assist the crystallization process is utilized. It shows that 2‐FNA can efficiently reduce the defects and suppress non‐radiative recombination of perovskite layers by bonding with the uncoordinated Pb2+ ions, formamidinium (FA+), and halide vacancies, leading to notably prolonged carrier lifetime. Most importantly, this found that 2‐FNA aids in the formation of better interfacial contact between the perovskite and C60 layer on top, thus enhancing the interfacial electron extraction therein, eventually leading to an increased power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 28.61% on champion perovskite/silicon TSCs from 27.08% on control counterparts. This work provides a practical route to further advance the PV performance and applicability of perovskite/silicon TSCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cardamine violifolia, a species belonging to the Brassicaceae family, is a novel vegetable crop that is rich in glucosinolates. However, the specific glucosinolate profiles in this species remain unknown. In the present study, four parts of C. violifolia were collected including central leaves (CLs), outer leaves (OLs), petiole (P), and root (R). The highest level of total glucosinolate was observed in the R. A total of 19 glucosinolates were found in C. violifolia. The predominant glucosinolate compounds were 3-methylbutyl glucosinolate, 6-methylsulfinylhexyl glucosinolate, Indol-3-ylmethyl glucosinolate, 4-methoxyglucobrassicin, and neoglucobrassicin. A transcriptome analysis showed that 16 genes, including BCAT1, BCAT3-6, CYP79A2, CYP79B2-3, CYP83A1, CYP83B1, and SOT17-18, and nine metabolites, such as valine, tryptophan, and 1-methylpropyl glucosinolate, were enriched in the glucosinolate biosynthesis pathway. These genes may be involved in the regulation of glucosinolate accumulation among the four parts. A weighted gene co-expression analysis showed that five genes were predicted to regulate glucosinolate accumulation, including ABC transporter G family member 19, 3-ketoacyl-CoA synthase 19, and pyruvate decarboxylase 1. This study deepens our understanding of the nutrient quality of C. violifolia and provides insights into the regulatory mechanism of glucosinolate accumulation in C. violifolia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]