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Salvia canariensis L. is an endemic plant of the Canary Islands widely used in the popular medicine of the Archipelago. Previous phytochemical studies have been reported the isolation of diterpenoids as the main components in this species, but also triterpenoids and essential oils from different parts of the plant [1]. In the search for eco-friendly solutions to control pests, the interest in plants and their chemo-biodiversity as source of biopesticides has increased over the time. Plants are able to biosynthesize a number of metabolites with bactericidal, fungicidal, insecticidal, nematicidal or repellent activity to defend themselves from predators and diseases. Therefore, these plant-derived pesticides may be a green alternative as compared to synthetic ones since they are less toxic, biodegradable, environment friendly and safe to humans’ health [2]. The present work aims to investigate the potential of S. canariensis as a source of biopesticides, offering an alternative to hazard pesticides, and which can be used in an integrated pest management. A bio-guided fractionation of ethanolic extract of S. canariensis leaves was carried out based on fungicidal activity against Botrytis cinerea, Fusarium oxysporum and Alternaria alternate, phytophatogens affecting cropsworlwide, and causing important economic losses due to reduce yield and quality of food products [3]. Biological evaluation revealed that organic fractions were active against the three selected fungi, and were further investigated. Five diterpenoids and one triterpenoid were identified as promising biopesticide components in this plant, 1. Macías-Alonso, M.; S Andrés, L.; Córdova-Guerrero, I.; Estolano-Cobián, A.; Díaz-Rubio, L. Nat. Prod. Res. 2021, 35 (17), 2972-2976. 2. Lopes, A.S.; Sylvestre, M.; Dantas, E.T.; Fechine, J.T.; Barbosa, J.M.; Cebrián, G.T. Molecules. 2021, 26, 4835. 3. Lucas, J.A.; Hawkins, N.J.; Fraaije, B.A. Elsevier Ltd. 2015, 90.

[EN] In the field of agriculture, organisms that are harmful to vegetation are a major problem in relation to the productivity of harvests. The present invention relates to a fermentation product obtained from endophytic fungi of the Stemphylium solani family, which may comprise a novel compound of formula (I) and a second known compound of formula (II), and having biocidal activity simultaneously against more than one category of harmful organisms affecting plants, and which are preferably selected from insect-pests, fungi and nematodes. Both the fermentation product, and the compounds included in the scope of the invention, are used in the preparation of a broad-spectrum biocidal composition. Finally, the invention also includes the process for preparing of the fermentation product and the new compound of formula (I)., [ES] Biocidas naturales de amplio espectro procedentes del hongo endofito stemphylium solani. En el campo de la agricultura los organismos perjudiciales para la vegetación constituyen un importante problema en relación con la productividad de las cosechas. La presente invención se relaciona con un producto de fermentación obtenido a partir de hongos endófitos de la familia Sthemphylum solani, que puede comprender un nuevo compuesto de fórmula (I) y un segundo compuesto conocido de fórmula (II), y que presenta actividad biocida simultáneamente contra más de una categoría de organismos perjudiciales que afectan a plantas y que preferentemente se seleccionan entre insectos-plaga, hongos y nematodos. Tanto el producto de fermentación, como los compuestos incluidos en el ámbito de la invención, se usan en la elaboración de una composición biocida de amplio espectro. Finalmente, la invención también incluye el procedimiento de obtención del producto de fermentación y el nuevo compuesto de fórmula (I).

En el campo de la agricultura los organismos perjudiciales para la vegetación constituyen un importante problema en relación con la productividad de las cosechas. Un producto de fermentación obtenido a partir de hongos endófitos de la familia Stemphylium solani, que puede comprender un compuesto de fórmula (I) y un segundo compuesto conocido de fórmula (II), y que presenta actividad biocida simultáneamente contra más de una categoría de organismos perjudiciales que afectan a plantas y que preferentemente se seleccionan entre insectos-plaga, hongos y nemátodos. Tanto el producto de fermentación, como los compuestos incluidos, se usan en la elaboración de una composición biocida de amplio espectro. Finalmente, también se incluye el procedimiento de obtención del producto de fermentación el compuesto de fórmula (I). Revidincación 1: Producto de fermentación de un microorganismo fermentador que comprende un compuesto de fórumla (1), donde R se selecicona entre H y OH, o un isómero, o una sal o un solvato del mismo. Reivindicación 3: Producto de fermentación según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 1 y 2, que comprende adicionalmente un compuesto de fórumula (2), o un isómero, o una sal o un solvato del mismo.

In the field of agriculture, organisms that are harmful to vegetation are a major problem in relation to the productivity of harvests. The present invention relates to a fermentation product obtained from endophytic fungi of the Stemphylium solani family, which may comprise a novel compound of formula (I) and a second known compound of formula (II), and having biocidal activity simultaneously against more than one category of harmful organisms affecting plants, and which are preferably selected from insect-pests, fungi and nematodes. Both the fermentation product, and the compounds included in the scope of the invention, are used in the preparation of a broad-spectrum biocidal composition. Finally, the invention also includes the process for preparing of the fermentation product and the new compound of formula (I).

[ES] Biocidas naturales de amplio espectro procedentes del hongo endofito stemphylium solani. En el campo de la agricultura los organismos perjudiciales para la vegetación constituyen un importante problema en relación con la productividad de las cosechas. La presente invención se relaciona con un producto de fermentación obtenido a partir de hongos endófitos de la familia Sthemphylum solani, que puede comprender un nuevo compuesto de fórmula (I) y un segundo compuesto conocido de fórmula (II), y que presenta actividad biocida simultáneamente contra más de una categoría de organismos perjudiciales que afectan a plantas y que preferentemente se seleccionan entre insectos-plaga, hongos y nematodos. Tanto el producto de fermentación, como los compuestos incluidos en el ámbito de la invención, se usan en la elaboración de una composición biocida de amplio espectro. Finalmente, la invención también incluye el procedimiento de obtención del producto de fermentación y el nuevo compuesto de fórmula (I)., [EN] In the field of agriculture, organisms that are harmful to vegetation are a major problem in relation to the productivity of harvests. The present invention relates to a fermentation product obtained from endophytic fungi of the Stemphylium solani family, which may comprise a novel compound of formula (I) and a second known compound of formula (II), and having biocidal activity simultaneously against more than one category of harmful organisms affecting plants, and which are preferably selected from insect-pests, fungi and nematodes. Both the fermentation product, and the compounds included in the scope of the invention, are used in the preparation of a broad-spectrum biocidal composition. Finally, the invention also includes the process for preparing of the fermentation product and the new compound of formula (I).

[EN] In the field of agriculture, organisms that are harmful to vegetation are a major problem in relation to the productivity of harvests. The present invention relates to a fermentation product obtained from endophytic fungi of the Stemphylium solani family, which may comprise a novel compound of formula (I) and a second known compound of formula (II), and having biocidal activity simultaneously against more than one category of harmful organisms affecting plants, and which are preferably selected from insect-pests, fungi and nematodes. Both the fermentation product, and the compounds included in the scope of the invention, are used in the preparation of a broad-spectrum biocidal composition. Finally, the invention also includes the process for preparing of the fermentation product and the new compound of formula (I)., [ES] Biocidas naturales de amplio espectro procedentes del hongo endofito stemphylium solani. En el campo de la agricultura los organismos perjudiciales para la vegetación constituyen un importante problema en relación con la productividad de las cosechas. La presente invención se relaciona con un producto titlde fermentación obtenido a partir de hongos endófitos de la familia Sthemphylum solani, que puede comprender un nuevo compuesto de fórmula (I) y un segundo compuesto conocido de fórmula (II), y que presenta actividad biocida simultáneamente contra más de una categoría de organismos perjudiciales que afectan a plantas y que preferentemente se seleccionan entre insectos-plaga, hongos y nematodos. Tanto el producto de fermentación, como los compuestos incluidos en el ámbito de la invención, se usan en la elaboración de una composición biocida de amplio espectro. Finalmente, la invención también incluye el procedimiento de obtención del producto de fermentación y el nuevo compuesto de fórmula (I).

[EN] In the field of agriculture, organisms that are harmful to vegetation are a major problem in relation to the productivity of harvests. The present invention relates to a fermentation product obtained from endophytic fungi of the Stemphylium solani family, which may comprise a novel compound of formula (I) and a second known compound of formula (II), and having biocidal activity simultaneously against more than one category of harmful organisms affecting plants, and which are preferably selected from insect-pests, fungi and nematodes. Both the fermentation product, and the compounds included in the scope of the invention, are used in the preparation of a broad-spectrum biocidal composition. Finally, the invention also includes the process for preparing of the fermentation product and the new compound of formula (I)., [ES] Biocidas naturales de amplio espectro procedentes del hongo endofito stemphylium solani. En el campo de la agricultura los organismos perjudiciales para la vegetación constituyen un importante problema en relación con la productividad de las cosechas. La presente invención se relaciona con un producto de fermentación obtenido a partir de hongos endófitos de la familia Sthemphylum solani, que puede comprender un nuevo compuesto de fórmula (I) y un segundo compuesto conocido de fórmula (II), y que presenta actividad biocida simultáneamente contra más de una categoría de organismos perjudiciales que afectan a plantas y que preferentemente se seleccionan entre insectos-plaga, hongos y nematodos. Tanto el producto de fermentación, como los compuestos incluidos en el ámbito de la invención, se usan en la elaboración de una composición biocida de amplio espectro. Finalmente, la invención también incluye el procedimiento de obtención del producto de fermentación y el nuevo compuesto de fórmula (I).

Endophytes are microorganisms that live in the intercellular spaces of plant tissues producing bioactive substances that may be involved in the host-endophyte relationship. These microorganisms represent a biotechnological source of bioactive metabolites. As part of our ongoing study of the endophyte potential for the development of biotechnological biopesticides, we carried out the screening of endophytes from medicinal plants belonging to the genera Laurus, Mentha, Artemisia and Thymus present in India and Spain. Our study included the endophyte biodiversity (isolation and identification) of these plants species, the antagonism-based primary selection of isolates for microfermentation and the secondary selection based on their micro-extract activity on selected targets including insect pests, fungal pathogens and root-knot nematodes. From a total of 11 plant species more than 1000 fungal strains were isolated and 700 were selected for microfermentation. In this presentation we will discuss the relative percentage occurrence for each order and the colonization frequency for each fungal species, the antagonistic effects of these isolates against fungal pathogens (Fusarium sp.) and the bioactivity of their microextracts on the target species will be presented. The bio-guided chemical study of a selected strain (Aa22) will be presented.

Endophytic fungi were isolated from Musa acuminata ‘Dwarf Cavendish’ harvested from 100-year-old crops. The antagonistic bioactivity and the inhibitory activity of the endophytic fungi were evaluated against various phytopathogenic fungi: Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (Sacc.) Snyder y Hansen, F. oxysporum Schlect. f.sp. cubense (E.F. Smith) Snyd. & Hans, F. moniliforme (Sheldon), Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissl, Geotrichum sp, Phoma sp. and Cladosporium sp. In dual culture assays, endophytic strains of Penicillium, Aspergillus, Fusarium and Chaetomium were found to be active against some of the targeted microorganisms. Four active extracts were fractionised using VLC (vacuum liquid chromatography) and two ethyl acetate and ethanolic extracts obtained from Aspergillus oryzae isolate led to two active hexanic and ethyl acetate fractions which inhibited growth of F. moniliforme (%I = 48.02 and 55.1, respectively; at 1 mg ml−1). The smallest EC50 (0.74 mg ml−1) was observed in an extract obtained from a strain of Penicillium sp. The same endophytic strain inhibited F. oxysporum by 59.72% in VOC (volatile organic compounds) assays.

Productos biocidas y su uso para el control de fitopatógenos y organismos plaga que afectan a plantas. Las enfermedades y plagas constituyen un importante problema en el campo de la agricultura. La presente invención propone un nuevo compuesto de fórmula (I) con actividad biocida, aislado a partir del producto de fermentación de hongos endófitos del género Guignardia sp. La invención también se refiere al método de obtención del compuesto de fórmula (I), a un producto de fermentación que lo comprende junto a otros compuestos conocidos que comparten estructura y actividad biocida con el compuesto de fórmula (I) y al uso de dichos compuestos como biocidas, y especialmente como nematicidas, bien directamente o a través de una composición, constituyendo de este modo un efectivo método de control de fitopatógenos y organismos plaga que afectan a plantas.

[EN] Diseases and pests pose a serious problem in the field of agriculture. The present invention proposes a new compound of formula (I) having biocidal activity, isolated from the fermentation product of endophyte fungi of the Guignardia sp genus. The invention also relates to: the method for obtaining the compound of formula (I); a fermentation product comprising said compound together with other known compounds that have the same structure and biocidal activity as the compound of formula (I); and the use of said compounds as biocides, and particularly as nematicides, either directly or using a composition, thereby providing an effective method for controlling phytopathogens and pest organisms that harm plants., [ES] Productos biocidas y su uso para el control de fitopatógenos y organismos plaga que afectan a plantas. Las enfermedades y plagas constituyen un importante problema en el campo de la agricultura. La presente invención propone un nuevo compuesto de fórmula (I) con actividad biocida, aislado a partir del producto de fermentación de hongos endófitos del género Guignardia sp. La invención también se refiere al método de obtención del compuesto de fórmula (I), a un producto de fermentación que lo comprende junto a otros compuestos conocidos que comparten estructura y actividad biocida con el compuesto de fórmula (I) y al uso de dichos compuestos como biocidas, y especialmente como nematicidas, bien directamente o a través de una composición, constituyendo de este modo un efectivo método de control de fitopatógenos y organismos plaga que afectan a plantas.

In this paper we are presenting preliminary results for the antifungal and antibacterian activity of the Artemisia thuscula Cav. all together with the endophytic communities encountered in symbiosis with this specie. This plant is endemic for the Canary Islands and it is recognised for its traditional medicinal use (like other species of the same genus in the rest of the world) and for being a functional repellent of insects. The ethanol extracts tested showed an interesting activity against the phytopathogenic fungi Fusarium monilforme, F. solani and F. oxysporum and antibiotic activity against 2 Gram-positive bacteria: Bacillus cereus and Streptomyces griseus, in an primary screening. The diversity of endophytes found in this plant, especially in the roots, showed promising results supporting further work on this species.

Endophytes (fungal and bacterial organisms) have attracted great interest over the past few years because their presence benefits the host plant (development and defence) and they are a source of secondary metabolites of potential interest and thus play an important role in the regulation of plant communities and their herbivores. There are an increasing number of reports on their identification and on the production of secondary metabolites. Their role in plant-pathogen and plant-insect interactions is receiving increasing attention because of their potential use in pest control, however, little is known about their physiology and the regulation processes of the plant-endophyte interaction.