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5. Comprehensive Approach to Energy and Environment in the EcoCare Program for Design, Engineering and Operation of Siemens Industry Solutions

Author

Wegener, Dieter, Finkbeiner, Matthias, Geiger, Dieter, Olsen, Stig Irving, Walachowicz, Frank, Wegener, Dieter, Finkbeiner, Matthias, Geiger, Dieter, Olsen, Stig Irving, and Walachowicz, Frank

Abstract

This paper intends to describe the outline of the Eco Care Program (ECP) at the Siemens-Division Industry Solutions and its implementation. ECP aims to embrace and to coordinate main activities within the product lifecycle management (PLM) process considering both economic targets in terms of overall lifecycle costs as well as energy efficiency and other important environmental issues in the innovation management for industrial solutions. ECP consists of adapted methods for assessing the environmental and financial impacts of industrial solutions (plants, processes, single technologies or even services) and tools which helps to derive reliable assessment results. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is a suitable method for assessing environmental impacts of products and solutions over their entire lifecycle focusing on those lifecycle phases which may contribute significantly to environmental burdens or benefits. To meet these requirements the main challenge is to simplify the assessment methodology as far as reliability and accuracy of results is preserved. To present results in both dimensions of economical performance and environmental impact the paper introduces the concept of the “eco care matrix” (ECM). Environmental sound industrial solutions have advantages in both “eco” dimensions (eco-nomical + eco-logical). The analytical approach presented is further on implemented in two complementary and independent industrial application fields: in order to exemplify usability of the approach in quite complex process technology different hot metal producing technologies (blast furnace route vs. smelting reduction routes COREX / FINEX). The second pilot application is targeted on the assessment of infrastructure solutions especially focusing on the comparison of environmental and financial effects of different technologies and payment schemes of electronic city tolling systems for London and Copenhagen. Experienced results derived from these two pilot applications to put ECP i

Published
2009

10. <TOGGLE>p53</TOGGLE> and <TOGGLE>p16/CDKN2</TOGGLE> gene mutations in esophageal tumors from a high-incidence area in South Africa

Author

Gamieldien, Wedaad, Victor, Thomas C., Mugwanya, David, Stepien, Andrew, Gelderblom, Wentzel C.A., Marasas, Walter F.O., Geiger, Dieter H., and Helden, Paul D. van

Abstract

Squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus has an uneven geographic distribution, with a high incidence in the Transkei region of Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. The precise molecular events associated with tumorigenesis of esophageal cancer in this region have not been characterized. DNA from human esophageal squamous cell carcinomas (n = 76), as well as adjacent tissue samples (n = 9) and blood (n = 50) from the same patients from the Transkei region were screened for somatic mutations. Exons 5–8 of the p53 gene and exons 1–2 of the p16/ CDKN2 gene were examined for mutations using PCR-SSCP procedures and DNA sequence analysis. Results show that 17% of the tumors contained small deletions, insertions and point mutations, resulting in frameshifts or amino acid changes in the p53 gene. Among the mutations in the structural p16/ CDKN2 gene, 9 were point mutations, 4 were deletions and 3 were insertions. A novel C to T mutation, 25 bp upstream from the ATG start site of p16/ CDKN2, which sometimes occurs together with other structural gene variations, was found. The mutations described here are somatic in origin since none of the DNA samples from the adjacent control tissues or blood samples from the same patients had them. Int. J. Cancer 78:544–549, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

Published
1998
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