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Buffalo milk is nutrient-rich and contains less cholesterol than cow milk. Dairy buffaloes are widely distributed at different altitudes in the Yunnan Province, China; however, the impacts of altitude on the whey-derived functional metabolites of buffalo milk whey are not well understood. Here, we used non-targeted and targeted metabolomics to evaluate the differential metabolites in the milk whey of buffaloes raised at low altitudes (LA), medium altitudes (MA), and high altitudes (HA). ANOVA statistical test was performed to acquire differential metabolites using IBM SPSS statistics 22 software. The results showed that LA- and MA-milk whey had higher levels of amino acids (glutamine and pyroglutamic acid) and vitamin B6 than HA-milk whey. LA-milk whey had higher levels of the carbohydrates involved in galactose, amino sugar, and nucleotide sugar metabolism than MA- and HA-milk whey, but HA-milk whey showed significantly higher levels of free fatty acids. In conclusion, owing to the biological functions of their most abundant components, LA-milk is more suitable for the production of functional milk with high levels of amino acids, vitamin B6, and carbohydrates; while HA-milk is suitable as raw milk for the production of dairy products with high free fatty acid content.

The mechanisms of [4+4] domino cycloaddition of ynones with benzylidenepyrazolones to access highly substituted eight-membered cyclic ethers are studied to explore the effects of bases (t-BuOK vs. DBU vs. Et3N) based on DFT calculations. Our theoretical calculations indicate that the bases can promote the present catalytic reaction as the H+-shuttle agents by a two-step H+-shift reaction. More importantly, the calculations reveal that the difference in the catalytic activity of bases is primarily attributed to their electron-donating ability (t-BuO− > DBU > Et3N). The catalytic activity order of bases is t-BuO− > DBU > Et3N for the present base-catalyzed domino reactions. In a word, the present calculated results can reasonably explain the experimental phenomena and provide useful guidance and advice for the synthesis of medium-sized rings via the domino reactions to select the appropriate bases.

Objective: The objective of the present experiment was to construct self-draining beds to keep surface bedding materials clean and dry for beef cattle comfort in a temperate climate.Methods: In Experiment 1, a self-draining bed was covered with sand at depths of 10 cm (S-10a), 15 cm (S-15), and 20 cm (S-20) respectively. In Experiment 2, self-draining beds of different sizes were covered with 10 cm of sand (S-10b) and wood shavings (WS) at depths of 15 cm and 20 cm (WS-15 and WS-20). Fifteen cattle were engaged to evaluate the comfort of self-draining beds covered with different bedding materials.Results: No cattle lay in the feed alley and cattle spent more time lying on S-10a than S-15 or S-20 in Experiment 1 (p0.05). In Experiment 2, no cattle selected the feed alley as the lying area. Cattle preferred WS-15 as the lying area and time spent lying on WS-20 was slightly higher than on S-10b (p

The design of functional anti-wetting ceramic coatings is always a bottleneck restricting the development of ceramic techniques. This study proposes a liquid phase synthesis method to fabricate α-Fe2O3 (III) ceramic powders with promising applications and introduces a facile electrophoretic deposition (EPD) technique to construct the corresponding functionalized hydrophobic films – superhydrophobic functionalized α-Fe2O3 ceramic films (SFOFS) with roughly even distribution and a high water contact angle (CA) of 169°±1° – followed by heat posttreatments. The microtopography and crystalline structures of the product were investigated by FESEM, EDX, and XRD techniques. The EPD controllability of SFOFS was studied by adjusting the EPD time and the applied field strengths. In addition, the SFOFS show excellent long-term anti-wetting properties for twenty-four months after undergoing a series of tests, including soaking, water droplet impacting, immersion by droplets with different surface tensions and exposure to different gases and relative humidity conditions, etc. This study substantially helps the design of other kinds of functional anti-wetting films through the proposed convenient method beyond the oxide limit.

Aims. To investigate the effect of Vitapex combined with AH-plus paste on inflammation in middle-aged and elderly patients with periodontal-endodontic disease. Materials and Methods. A total of 80 teeth of middle-aged and elderly patients with the periodontal-endodontic disease who were treated in our hospital from June 2020 to June 2021 were selected as the research objects and were divided into comparison group and treatment group with 40 teeth each according to different treatment methods. Among them, the comparison group was filled with zinc oxide clove oil paste gutta-percha, and the treatment group was filled with Vitapex combined with AH-plus paste. The changes in apical cross-section sealing performance, periodontal pocket depth (PD), and gingival index (GI) of the two groups before treatment and after 6 months of follow-up were observed and compared, and X-ray analysis was performed. Results. There was no significant difference in the level of periodontal indexes and serum inflammatory indexes between the two groups before treatment ( P > 0.05 ). After treatment, the levels of PD, BI, PLI, and GI in the two groups were significantly lower than before treatment ( P < 0.05 ). The differences in IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, and IL-1β after treatment were significant ( P < 0.05 ). There was no significant difference in the root canal area data of each cross-section between the two groups when the root canal was filled with root filling paste at different positions from the apex ( P > 0.05 ). After root canal filling with root canal paste, the cross-sectional area from different parts of the root canal in the treatment group was significantly smaller than comparison group ( P < 0.05 ). After 6 months of treatment, it was found that CEJ-BD and CEJ-AC in the treatment group were significantly lower than those in the comparison group ( P < 0.05 ). Conclusion. Vitapex combined with AH-plus paste filling can effectively treat middle-aged and elderly periodontal-endodontic disease, which provides a certain reference for the clinical treatment of middle-aged and elderly periodontal-endodontic disease.

Based on 4,7-di(5-bromothiophen-2-yl)-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole (DBrTBT), novel solar cell materials are designed via silicon-doping with the help of density functional theory (DFT) calculations at the GGA/PW91/DNP level. Comparison and selection of stable configurations, stable energy, and frontier orbital energy gaps indicate that DBrTBT-Si(1) is the optimal configuration when the C(1) atoms on the benzene ring of DBrTBT are replaced by Si atoms. To further explore the photovoltaic properties of DBrTBT-Si(1), DFT calculations of the periodic plane slab model are used to investigate DBrTBT and DBrTBT-Si(1) adsorbed on ZnSe(100) and ZnSe(111) surfaces, respectively. The stable structures, Mulliken charges, frontier orbitals, and density of states are further discussed in detail. The results indicate that the band gap between valence band and conduction band becomes wider when DBrTBT-Si(1) is adsorbed on the ZnSe(111) surface, and the Eg (1.31 eV) of the ZnSe(111)-DBrTBT-Si(1) is close to that of the single-crystal Si. This study potentially guides the development of future photovoltaic materials.

The mechanisms of Cu(I)-catalyzed N-carboxamidation of indoles with isocyanates are studied in detail to explore the effects of DMSO vs. THF vs. acetone based on theoretical calculations. The calculated results are shown as follows: (a) the Cu(I) catalyst can activate the N1–C1 double bond of im1 to promote the intermolecular addition. (b) The solvents DMSO, THF and acetone can not only act as the hydrogen-bond acceptor to facilitate intermolecular addition between C1 and N2 by the hydrogen-bond N2–H1⋯O2 (O3 or O4), but also play the role of a proton-transfer shuttle in assisting the H1+-shift by the stepwise proton-transport process (the protonation of solvent and the deprotonation of solvent-H+). Due to the assistance of DMSO, THF and acetone, the rate-determining free energy barrier of the Cu(I)-catalyzed reaction is greatly reduced from 44.7 to 24.3, 25.6 and 28.6 kcal mol−1, which explains the experimental phenomena well (95% vs. 58% vs. 24% in yields). More importantly, the electron-donating ability of solvents (DMSO, THF and acetone) is found to be the primary factor that critically affects the catalytic activity of solvents, and the stronger electron-donating properties of solvents (DMSO > THF > acetone) are favorable for the present Cu(I)-catalyzed reactions. (c) Substrate 1a can also assist the reaction, but the catalytic capability of 1a is weaker than that of solvents DMSO, THF and acetone (energy barrier: 40.0 vs. 24.3, 25.6 and 28.6 kcal mol−1). Briefly, the present study is expected to help one understand the influence of solvents on the transition metal-catalyzed reactions including the addition reaction and the proton-transfer process.

To know about the characteristics of injury behaviors of the four ethnic adolescents in rural of Wuling mountainous area.From September to October 2016, a multiple stages hierarchical cluster random sampling method was used to extract 2170 middle school students aged(15. 25±1. 70) years old from 4 rural middle schools(1011 boys, 1159 girls; 1187 junior high school students, 983 senior high school students; 537 students from the Tujia Nationality, 546 from the Miao Nationality, 523 from the Dong Nationality, and 564 from the Bai Nationality), and conducted a survey on their injuries-related behaviors by "Chinese adolescent health related behaviors questionnaire".The incidence rate of cycling violations, walking violations and non-safeswimming in unintentional injury behaviors of the four ethnic adolescents in rural of Wuling Mountainous Area were 29. 49%(640/2170), 3. 18%(69/2170), 29. 49%(640/2170), respectively. As to intentional injury behavior, The rates of fight, perennial insecure, suicidal idea, suicide plan, have commit suicide, enduring unpleasant mood, enduring loneliness, enduring insomnia, depression, wanting to run away from home, and having ran away from home were: 26. 36%(572/2170), 7. 60%(165/2170), 18. 85%(409/2170), 6. 54%(142/2170), 3. 27%(71/2170), 31. 06%(674/2170), 17. 05%(370/2170), 11. 84%(257/2170), 15. 85%(344/2170), 26. 22%(569/2170), 6. 87%(149/2170), respectively. The correlation analysis of injury behavior showed that cycling violations and non-safe swimming, fight, enduring loneliness, enduring insomnia, wanting to run away from home, having ran away from home were positively correlated(r=0. 051-0. 227, Plt;0. 05); walking violations and fight, perennial insecure, suicidal idea, enduring unpleasant mood, enduring loneliness, enduring insomnia, wanting to run away from home, having ran away from home were positively correlated(r=0. 047-0. 096, Plt;0. 05); non-safe swimming and fight, enduring unpleasant mood, wanting to run away from home, having ran away from home were positively correlated(r=0. 048-0. 222, Plt;0. 05); fight and suicidal idea, enduring insomnia, depression, wanting to run away from home, having ran away from home were positively correlated(r=0. 053-0. 164, Plt;0. 05); perennial insecure and suicidal idea, enduring unpleasant mood, enduring loneliness, enduring insomnia, depression, wanting to run away from home were positively correlated(r=0. 046-0. 146, Plt;0. 05); suicidal idea and enduring unpleasant mood, enduring loneliness, enduring insomnia, depression, wanting to run away from home, having ran away from home were positively correlated(r=0. 157-0. 342, Plt;0. 05); enduring unpleasant mood and enduring loneliness, enduring insomnia, depression, wanting to run away from home, having ran away from home were positively correlated(r=0. 089-0. 317, Plt;0. 05); enduring loneliness and enduring insomnia, depression, wanting to run away from home, having ran away from home were positively correlated(r=0. 114-0. 281, Plt;0. 05); enduring insomnia and depression, wanting to run away from home, having ran away from home were positively correlated(r=0. 142-0. 236, Plt;0. 05); depression and wanting to run away from home, having ran away from home were positively correlated(r=0. 116～0. 166, Plt;0. 05); wanting to run away from home and having ran away from home was positively correlated(r=0. 293, Plt;0. 05).There are gender, grade and ethnic differences in the occurrence of injury behavior of the four ethnic adolescents in rural of Wuling Mountainous Area, and most injury behaviors interact with each other.

The selection of raw milk with high levels of functional components that have health-promoting activities is very important for the exploitation and production of functional milk, but the differences in the functional components of whey from buffalo raised at different altitudes have not been thoroughly investigated. Here, we detected the effects of altitudes on the functional components in whey from dairy buffalo farms situated at low altitude (LA), medium altitude (MA), and high altitude (HA) sites with data-independent acquisition proteomic approaches. In 33 samples, 9331 peptides corresponding to 1008 high-confidence proteins were detected. HA-whey had a lower level of angiotensinogen than that of the LA- and MA-whey, and conversely contained higher levels of immune-enhancing components than for the latter two groups. Differential proteins were involved in vascular smooth muscle contraction, complement and coagulation cascades, and the secretion, production and regulation pathways in immune components. LA-whey showed higher levels of lymphocyte antigen and selenoprotein F than that of the HA-whey. Owing to the biological functions of their most abundant components, HA- and LA-whey are suitable for the processing of functional milk for lowering blood pressure, and the production of immune milk, respectively.

A computational study with the B3LYP density functional is carried out to explore the effects of additives (HOTf vs. HOTs) on the Cu(OTf)2-catalyzed synthesis of 4-quinolones. The optimal reaction path includes intermolecular nucleophilic addition (Step I), a H+-transfer process (Step II), intramolecular nucleophilic cyclization (Step III) and the elimination/formation process of MeOH (Step IV). The usage of Cu(OTf)2 as the catalyst significantly promotes Step I and Step III. More importantly, the additive HOTf can not only play the role of the proton-transfer shuttle to assist H+-shift by the stepwise proton-transport process in Step II and Step IV, but also can act as the hydrogen-bond donor to facilitate the intramolecular cyclization between C1 and C5 in Step III. Due to the assistance of HOTf, the rate-determining free energy barrier of the Cu(II)-catalyzed reaction is greatly reduced from 167.8 to 135.0 kJ mol−1, which explains the experimental phenomena well (0% vs. 89% in yield). Interestingly, the hydrogen-bond donor/proton-donor ability of the additives (HOTf vs. HOTs) is found to be the primary factor that critically affects the catalytic activity of the additives in the present Cu(II)-catalyzed reactions. For the additives of sulfonic acid type HO3S-R (R: –CF3vs. –PhCH3), the use of a strong electron-withdrawing group –CF3 is advantageous for the additive-assisted reactions. In a word, the present study is expected to help one understand the influence of additives on transition metal-catalyzed reactions including the ring-closed process and the proton-transfer process.

Background Comfortable beds play an important role in increasing the ruminant and milk production efficiency of dairy buffalo. In loose housing systems, cow lying comfort depends on both the bedding materials and bed base. Results Buffaloes spent more lying time on sand beds at depth of 15 and 20 cm (S-15 and S-20) than on beds of 10 cm (S-10a) beds or in the feed alley in Exp1 (P P P Conclusion A depth of sand or wood shavings at 15 cm can meet the lying comfort requirements of dairy buffaloes when bedding materials are used above drainage beds.

In this article, the adsorption and degradation mechanism of dimetridazole (DMZ) on anatase TiO2(101) and (001) crystal surfaces has been studied by density functional theory. The adsorption stability of DMZ on anatase surface was studied under vacuum and neutral water solvents. The most stable adsorption configuration was optimized by theoretical analysis. It was found that DMZ can be adsorbed on photocatalyst TiO2 surface under two conditions. The hydrogen bond produced in the adsorption process can enhance the stability of the adsorption structure. The stable adsorption configuration makes the C–N bond length of DMZ longer, which is conducive to the ring opening degradation reaction. We also studied the mechanism of ring opening degradation of DMZ on two crystal planes of anatase TiO2. It was found that the reaction activation energy of the degrading reaction on TiO2(101) crystal surface is very high, and the ring opening reaction is difficult to occur. On the (001) crystal surface, the opening of DMZ can be carried out under the condition of thermal reaction. We studied the effect of the water solvation on the degradation reaction. It was found that the activation energies of DMZ on the anatase TiO2 surface was reduced, indicating that the solvent conditions could promote the degradation reaction.

To understand the health risk behaviors prevalence and influencing factors of Dong and Bai Nationality adolescents in rural of Wuling mountainous area.By the method of layered, random and total sampling, 2176 Dong and Bai Nationality adolescents were recruited from September to Octomber 2016 in rural of Wuling mountainous area. The investigation was conducted based on " The scale and evaluation method of health related/risk behaviors for adolescents in China". To analyze the behaviors on dietary bias, lack of physical exercise, suicidal ideation, smoking, drinking and internet addiction. Non conditional Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the possible influencing factors of health risk behaviors.The report rates of dietary bias, lack of physical exercise, suicidal ideation、smoking、drinking and internet addiction were 36. 95%( 804), 55. 15%( 1200), 19. 03%( 414), 13. 60%( 296), 30. 88%( 672)and 7. 12%( 155), respectively. Logistic regression analysis result showed that the risk factors of dietary bias were schoolgirl( OR = 1. 275, P = 0. 012), lack of physical exercise( OR = 1. 751, P0. 001), depression( OR = 1. 297, P = 0. 046), suicidal ideation( OR= 1. 280, P = 0. 036) and internet addiction( OR = 1. 753, P = 0. 001). The risk factors of lack of physical exercise were high school( OR = 1. 839, P0. 001), schoolgirl( OR =1. 478, P0. 001), nuclear family( OR = 1. 240, P = 0. 034) and dietary bias( OR =1. 717, P0. 001). The risk factors of suicidal ideation were schoolgirl( OR = 1. 789, P0. 001), only child( OR = 1. 452, P = 0. 030), fight( OR = 1. 894, P0. 001), lonely( often or always OR = 4. 484, P0. 001), insomnia( often or always OR = 2. 392, P0. 001), depression( OR = 2. 555, P0. 001) and internet addiction( OR = 1. 766, P =0. 004), the protective factor was in residence( OR = 0. 755, P = 0. 029). The risk factors of smoking were in residence( OR = 1. 638, P = 0. 004), fight( OR = 2. 315, P0. 001), insomnia( often or always OR = 2. 116, P = 0. 004) and drinking( OR = 5. 456, P0. 001), the protective factor were schoolgirl( OR = 0. 132, P0. 001) and school record( above average or good OR = 0. 571, P = 0. 004). The risk factors of drinking were total monthly income of family( above 3000 yuan OR = 1. 648, P = 0. 015), fight( OR = 1. 990, P0. 001), suicidal ideation( OR = 1. 363, P = 0. 019), smoking( OR = 5. 351, P0. 001) and internet addiction( OR = 1. 797, P = 0. 002), the protective factor was schoolgirl( OR = 0. 459, P0. 001). The risk factors of internet addiction were dietary bias( OR = 1. 812, P = 0. 001), suicidal ideation( OR = 1. 843, P = 0. 002), lonely( often or always OR = 3. 029, P = 0. 003), drinking( OR = 2. 028, P0. 001) and mainly to play games( OR = 3. 650, P0. 001).The Dong and Bai Nationality boys are more prone to smoking、drinking and internet addiction behaviors, while girls were likely to happen dietary bias, lack of physical exercise and suicidal ideation. Insomnia and unhealthy psychology such as lonely and depression become risk factors of multiple health risk behaviors. The combined action should be carried out in order to prevent and intervene the health risk behaviors of Dong and Bai Nationality rural adolescents.

In order to have a basic understanding of the neglect condition of rural children aged 12 to 17 years old of Tujia and Miao minorities in Wuling mountainous area as well as its causes.According to the principle of multistage stratified cluster samplingmethod, a total of 1974 students of eight middle schoolsfrom rural areas in four counties of Tujia-Miao Autonomous Prefecture of Xiangxi had been selected from November to December in 2014( 1020 students from Tujia minority and 954 students from Miao minority). In addition, by adopting themethod of "The Normal Value of Evaluation on the Neglect of Middle School Students from 12 to 17 Years Old in Rural China", the neglect rate and degree can reflect how often and how strong children in rural areas have been neglected. Also, relative factors of the neglect was analyzed by logistic multi-factor regression analysismethod.The total neglect rate of children in rural areas from 12 to 17 years old of Tujia and Miao minorities was 67. 83 %( 1339/1974). The proportion of male students which was 70. 42%( 631/896) was higher than the female students counterpart, which was 65. 68%( 708/1078)( χ~2= 5. 053, P0. 05). The total neglect degree was( 54. 96 ± 10. 31), and the degree of children between 12 and 14 years old( 55. 45 ± 9. 51) was higher than that of children between 15 and 17 years old( 54. 54 ± 10. 95)( t = 1. 980, P0. 05). The neglect rate and degree in medication for female students were higher than male students( χ~2= 10. 233, P0. 01, t =2. 139, P0. 05), while the neglect rate and degree in education and the neglect degree in security male students had a higher rate and a more severe degree than female students( χ~2= 3. 969, t = 1. 989, t = 2. 014, P0. 05). In addition to the neglect of education, the neglect rate and degree of other aspects for children of Tujia and Miao minorities in rural areas had statistical significance( P0. 05). The neglect rate of left-behind children was higher than that of un-left-behind children in physical and medical aspects( χ~2= 6. 267, χ~2= 4. 040, P0. 05). As theresult of logistic multi-factor regression analysis showed, male students( OR = 1. 292, 95% CI 1. 062-1. 573), children who have less intimate relationship with parents( OR = 1. 344, 95% CI 1. 009-1. 791, OR = 1. 475, 95% CI 1. 063-2. 046), whose parents do not share a close relationship( OR = 1. 396, 95% CI 1. 042-1. 870), those without a single room( OR = 0. 577, 95% CI 0. 464-0. 719) were more likely to be neglected.Children of Tujia and Miao minorities in Wuling mountainous area are under a serious neglecting state, and the main influencing factors are whether children have single rooms, the relationship between children and parents and the relationship between parents.

To investigate the gender differences in cluster pattern of health risk behaviors among rural middle school students in Tujia-Miao Autonomous Prefecture of Xiangxi.By the method of layered, random and total sampling, questionnaire survey about dietary bias, smoking, alcohol drinking, suicidal ideation, internet addiction and non-secure swimming was taken to 1974 students of eight middle schools from rural areas in four counties of Tujia-Miao Autonomous Prefecture of Xiangxi, Hunan Province in 2014. In 11 kinds of health risk behaviors as the clustering index, first by using the hierarchical clusteringmethod for male and female students were clusteranalysis, determine the optimal cluster number of male and female students were 4 class, then the two step cluster analysis, get the male and female students in 4 types of dangerous behavior clustering patterns of group characteristics.Among the survey of 896 boys and 1078 girls, the boys in the low risk group were composed of 262 people, the ratio was 29. 2%, the girls were composed of 215 people, the ratio was 19. 9%; the boys in the lower risk group were composed of 268 people, the ratio was 29. 9%, the girls were composed of 365 people, the ratio was 33. 9%; the boys with highest incidence of drinking in the moderate risk group were composed of 217 people, the ratio was 24. 2%, the girls with highest incidence of lonely were composed of 264 people, the ratio was24. 5%; the boys in the highest risk group were composed of 149 people, the ratio was16. 6%, the girls were composed of 234 people, the ratio was 21. 7%. In the moderate risk group, boys with highest incidence of drinking( 97. 7%) were always accompanied with behaviors like smoking( 67. 3%), fighting( 63. 6%), non-secure swimming( 66. 4%); girls with highest incidence of lonely( 45. 1%) in the moderate risk group also had behaviors like partial eclipse( 65. 2%), pedestrian violation( 50. 4%) and the like. The total boys and 92. 7% of girls have more than 4 kinds of health-risk behaviors in highest risk group.There were gender differences in risk behaviors among middle school students in rural areas of Xiangxi Autonomous Perfecture. Among them, the boys in moderate risk group were marked by drinking, the girls were marked by lonely. The highest risk group had a high rate of risky behaviors, showing a high degree of aggregation of "explicit problem behaviors and implicit behaviors".

Conjugated polymers have recently drawn interest owing to their high-power conversion efficiency in bulk heterojunction solar cells. Based on 4-(5-bromothiophen-2-yl)-7-(5-((4-nonyl-5-ethynylthiophen-2-yl) ethynyl)-thiophen-2-yl) benzothiadiazole (A4B7BT), organic polymer monomers for solar cells are designed, aided by silicon-doping, using density functional theory (DFT) at the GGA/PW91/DNP level. Comparison and screening of stable configuration, stable energy, and frontier orbital energy gap indicate that, A4B7BT-3Si is the best configuration when the positions of 1, 3, and 5 carbon atoms on the BT unit of A4B7BT are replaced by 3Si atoms simultaneously. To further explore the photovoltaic (PV) properties of silicon-doped A4B7BT, DFT and the periodic plane slab model are combined to investigate A4B7BT-xSi (x = 1–6) adsorbed on the SnO2 (1 0 0) surface. The stable structures, Mulliken charges, frontier orbitals, energy band structures, and density of states are discussed in detail. The results reveal that the energy gap (1.17 eV) in SnO2 (1 0 0)-A4B7BT-3Si is close to that of single-crystal Si. This study potentially guides the strategic development of future PV materials.

The geometric and electronic structures of crystalline potassium and silver salts of nitroform are comparatively investigated using density functional theory. The results show that the geometric structures optimized by local density functional compare well with experimental data. The nature of the anion–cation interactions of the two salts and the bonding mechanism of the nitroformate anions are quite different, but their geometrical structural characteristics are similar. Furthermore, the anion–cation interactions influence the energy of the conduction band formed by the unoccupied states of the nitroformate anion, and so are correlated with the impact sensitivity.

To understand the health risk behaviors status and influence factors of Tujia and Miao adolescents in Xiangxi Area.By the method of layered, random and total sampling, questionnaire survey about dietary bias, current smoking, current drinking, suicidal ideation, internet addiction and lack of physical exercise was taken to 2094 Tujia and Miao adolescents. Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the risk factors of health risk behaviors. Results The report rates of dietary bias, current smoking, current drinking, suicidal ideation, internet addiction and lack of physical exercise were 27. 84%, 18. 29%, 28. 03%, 21. 68%, 5. 25% and 52. 82%, respectively. Logistic regression analysis result showed that the risk factor of dietary bias was depression(OR = 1. 352, P =0. 026), the protective factor were schoolboy (OR =0.765, P=0.008) and in residence(OR =0.743, P =0.004). The risk factor of current smoking were schoolboy (OR =6. 782, P =0. 000), insomnia(seldom or sometimes OR = 1. 516, P = 0. 013, often or always OR = 2. 738, P = 0. 000), internet addiction (OR =2.389, P =0. 000), fight(OR = 2. 481, P = 0. 000) and current drinking(OR = 4. 060, P = 0. 000), the protective factor was school record (average OR = 0. 699, P = 0. 026, above average or good OR = 0. 437, P = 0. 000). The risk factor of current drinking were schoolboy (OR = 1. 829, P = 0. 000), insomnia (seldom or sometimes OR = 1. 550, P = 0. 002, often or always OR = 1. 754, P = 0. 004), internet addiction (OR = 1. 901, P =0. 004), fight (OR = l.785, P = 0. 000)and current smoking (OR = 4. 016, P = 0. 000). The risk factor of suicidal ideation were lonely(seldom or sometimes OR = 1. 823, P =0. 010, often or always OR = 4. 445, P =0. 000), depression (OR = 3. 226, P = 0. 000) and only child (OR = 1. 612, P = 0. 003), the protective factor was schoolboy (OR =0. 648, P = 0. 000). The risk factor of internet addiction were schoolboy (OR = 2. 480, P = 0. 000) depression (OR = 2. 650, P = 0. 000) and mainly to play games(OR = 4. 631, P = 0. 000). The risk factor of lack of physical exercise were high school student (OR = 1. 536, P =0. 000) and depression(OR = 1. 410, P = 0. 003), the protective factor were schoolboy (OR ='0. 581, P = 0. 000) and school record (average OR = 0. 798, P = 0. 036, above average or good OR = 0. 609, P = 0. 000.Tujia and Miao boys were more prone to smoking and drinking behavior, while girls were likely to happen dietary bias, suicidal ideation and lack of physical exercise behavior. Miao students were high-risk population of smoking and drinking behavior. Insomnia and depression became risk factors of multiple health risk behaviors.

The electronic structures of lead styphnate, hexa(1,5-diaminotetrazole) cobalt perchlorate, lead azide, (5-cyanotetrazolato-N (2)) pentaammine cobalt perchlorate, and tris(carbohydrazide) zinc perchlorate were investigated via density functional theory. The results obtained reveal that the electrostatic spark sensitivities of these primary explosives are related to their electrostatic potentials and energy gaps. Highly sensitive primary explosives show large cell electrostatic potentials per unit volume and small energy gaps. Moreover, the energy levels of the frontier molecular orbitals play an important role in triboelectrification between an explosive and a flume. The lower the energy level of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital of the primary explosive, the more easily it can accept electrons and accumulate negative charge.

To understand the nutritional status and related factors of Tujia and Miao minority primary school students in Xiangxi Autonomous Prefecture and to provide refrence for the improvement of minority students' nutritional status.By the method of layered and random sampling, physique test and questionnaire survey were taken to 682 Tujia students and 420 Miao students, the nutritional level of students were estimated by the method of height with standard weight. Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the risk factors of nutritional status.The moderate malnutrition rate was 4.54% and the obesity rate was 11.43%. Logistic regression analysis showed that monthly income per capita (OR = 1.368, 95% CI 1.135-1.648) and culture level of fathers (OR = 1.332, 95% CI 1.108-1.602) were independent risk factors of malnutrition, children with family obesity history (OR =7.688, 95% C15. 134-11.513), monthly income per capita (OR = 1.516, 95% CI 1.204-1.910) and culture level of fathers (OR = 1.466, 95% CI 1.164-1.846 ) were independent risk factors of overnutrition.Malnutrition and overnutrition exist in Tujia and Miao students at the same time, family obesity history, monthly income per capita and culture level of fathers are factors of malnutrition and overnutrition. Nutritional education should be taken universal to students and their guardians.