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In this study, Subphthalocyanine (SubPc) and SubPc integrated TiO2 nanoparticles (SubPc- TiO2) were examined as theranostic agents. In vitro photodynamic therapy (PDT) efficiency of SubPc/SubPc-TiO2 and nuclear imaging potential of 131I labeled SubPc/TiO2-SubPc were determined on hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2), colorectal adenocarcinoma (HT29) and human healthy lung (WI38) cell lines. As a result, 131I-SubPc and 131I-SubPc-TiO2 have been identified as a nuclear imaging agent for liver cancer. Additionally, 131I-SubPc-TiO2 has been found to be promising for imaging colon tumors. According to the in vitro photodynamic therapy studies, SubPc and SubPc-TiO2 were determined suitable PDT agents for liver and colon tumors. These results suggest that SubPc-TiO2 might be a theranostic agent with both PDT and nuclear imaging potential.

EgeUn###, This study, subphthalocyanines (SubPc) and SubPc integrated TiO2 nanoparticles (SubPc-TiO2) were synthesized as novel photosensitizers. Their PDT effects were evaluated. Furthermore, nuclear imaging potential of 131I-labelled SubPc/SubPc-TiO2 were examined in mouse mammary carcinoma (EMT6) and cervix adenocarcinoma (HeLa) cell lines. The uptake results show that SubPc labelled with 131I radionuclide (131I-SubPc) in EMT6 and HeLa cell lines was found to be approximately the same as in the WI38 cell line. However, the uptake values of SubPc-TiO2 labelled with 131I (131I-SubPc-TiO2) in EMT6 and HeLa cell lines were determined to be two times higher than in the WI38 cell line. In other words, the target/non-target tissue ratio was identified as two in the EMT6 and HeLa cell lines. 131I-SubPc-TiO2 is promising for imaging or treatment of breast and cervix tumors. In vitro photodynamic therapy studies have shown that SubPc and SubPc-TiO2 are suitable agents for PDT. In addition, SubPc-TiO2 has higher phototoxicity than SubPc. As a future study, in vivo experiments will be held and performed in tumor-bearing nude mice. © 2019 World Scientific Publishing Company., Mersin Üniversitesi Ege Üniversitesi TR33400 114Z430, aDepartment of Nuclear Applications, Institute of Nuclear Science, Ege University, Bornova, 35100, Izmir, Turkey bDepartment of Energy Systems Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Tarsus University, TR33400, Tarsus, Turkey cDepartment of Biomedical Technology, Institute of Science, Ege University, Bornova, 35100, Izmir, Turkey dDepartment of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Bornova, 35100, Izmir, Turkey eAdvanced Technology Research & Application Center, Mersin University, Ciftlikkoy Campus, TR33343, Yenisehir, Mersin, Turkey -- The authors gratefully acknowledge financial support by The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey, TUBITAK (Grant no: 114Z430).

A series of symmetrically substituted subphthalocyanine derivatives with diverse substituent such as electron-donating or electron-withdrawing moieties at the peripheral position have been synthesized and their photophysical and electrochemical properties have been investigated. Solution-processed bulk heterojunction (BHJ) organic solar cells using SubPc derivatives as electron donor and fullerene derivative PCBM as an electron acceptor in the active layer were fabricated and characterized to evaluate the photovoltaic behavior of these molecules.

A near IR absorbing phthalocyanine bearing four binaphtyl group has been synthesized in order to investigate its cytotoxicity and intracellular uptake of sensitizer on MCF-7 (human breast cancer), MDAH (ovarian cancer), HeLa (human epitheloid cervix carcinoma), EMT-6 (mouse breast cancer) and WI-38 (human fibroblast lung) cell lines. ZnPc showed four time higher intracellular uptake in carcinoma cells (MCF-7) than normal (WI-38) cell lines. With the aim of studying in detail the biodistribution feature and tumor nuclear imaging capacity, ZnPc was also labeled with I-131. The efficiency of radiolabeled compound was 95±4.6%. In addition, ZnPc reveals to be very efficient singlet oxygen generators (ΦΔ=0.612 in DMSO) and promising PS for PDT application. In vitro fluorescence imaging study with MCF-7 cells showed that ZnPc localized in cytoplasm of the cells. This results showed that synthesized ZnPc is promising candidate for dual fluorescence/nuclear imaging breast cancer and shows potential PS for PDT application.

The syntheses of two zinc(II) phthalocyanines (ZnPcs) having either imidazole (ZnPc 1) or pyridiloxy (ZnPc 2) moieties as their macrocycle substituents are reported. Quaternization of the ZnPcs with methyl iodide afforded water soluble cationic phthalocyanines. The photophysical, photochemical properties and photodynamic therapy (PDT) activity of the ZnPcs were studied in solution. The fluorescence quantum yield and lifetime of ZnPc 1 were higher as compared to ZnPc 2. ZnPc 2 afforded higher triplet state (ΦT) and singlet oxygen quantum yields (ΦΔ) in comparison to ZnPc 1. The PDT activity of ZnPcs was investigated against human breast adenocarcinoma cells (MCF–7). The two compounds afforded a very minimal in vitro dark cytotoxicity with 85% viable cells at concentration ≤80 μM. On irradiation of the cells having the ZnPcs, ≥50% cell death was recorded for ZnPc 1 which was also evidenced by the cells photo–micrograph.

A series of six new subphthalocyanines (SubPcs) bearing an ethynylcarboxyphenyl anchoring unit and decorated with a variety of substituents at the peripheral position of the macrocycle have been synthesized in order to investigate the effect of the peripheral substituent on the performance of dye-sensitized solar cells.

Background and Objective: Pancreatic cancer is very common and difficult to diagnose in early stage. Imaging systems for diagnosing cancer have many disadvantages. However, combining different imaging modalities offers synergistic advantages. Optical imaging is the most multidirectional and widely used imaging modality in both clinical practice and research. Methods: In present study, Zinc(II) phthalocyanine [Zn(II)Pc] was synthesized, labeled with iodine- 131 and in vitro study was carried out. The intracellular uptake studies of radiolabeled Zn(II)Pc were performed in WI-38 [ATCC CCL-75™, tissue: human fibroblast lung] and MIA PaCa-2 [ATCC CRL-1420™, tissue: human epithelial pancreas carcinoma] cell lines. Results: The intracellular uptake efficiency of radiolabeled Zn(II)Pc in MIA PaCa-2 cells was determined two times higher than WI-38 cells. Also, fluorescence imaging (FI) efficiency of synthesized Zn(II)Pc was investigated in MIA PaCa-2 cells and significant uptake was observed. Conclusion: Zn(II)Pc might be used as a new agent for dual fluorescence/nuclear imaging for pancreatic cancer.