197 results on '"Fast H"'
Search Results
2. 3 Methods and models for the design of microstructures
- Author
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Knoll, G., Rienäcker, A., Brandt, S., Fast, H., Denkena, Berend, editor, Rienäcker, Adrian, editor, Knoll, Gunter, editor, Bach, Friedrich-Wilhelm, editor, Maier, Hans Jürgen, editor, Reithmeier, Eduard, editor, and Dinkelacker, Friedrich, editor
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Einsatzfähigkeit von optischer Freiraumkommunikation in industriellen Produktionsumgebungen
- Author
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Schneider, D., primary, Fast, H., additional, Flatt, H., additional, Jasperneite, J., additional, Stübbe, O., additional, and Heidl, R., additional
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Ozone Loss Inside the Northern Polar Vortex During the 1991-1992 Winter
- Author
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Proffitt, M. H., Aikin, K., Margitan, J. J., Loewenstein, M., Podolske, J. R., Weaver, A., Chan, K. R., Fast, H., and Elkins, J. W.
- Published
- 1993
5. 3 Methods and models for the design of microstructures
- Author
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Knoll, G., primary, Rienäcker, A., additional, Brandt, S., additional, and Fast, H., additional
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Chemical Ozone Loss in the Arctic Winter 1994/95 as Determined by the Match Technique
- Author
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Rex, M., Von Der Gathen, P., Braathen, G.O., Harris, N.R.P., Reimer, E., Beck, A., Alfier, R., Krüger-carstensen, R., Chipperfield, M., De Backer, H., Balis, D., O'Connor, F., Dier, H., Dorokhov, V., Fast, H., Gamma, A., Gil, M., Kyrö, E., Litynska, Z., Mikkelsen, I.S., Molyneux, M., Murphy, G., Reid, S.J., Rummukainen, M., and Zerefos, C.
- Published
- 1999
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. A Study of Ozone Laminae Using Diabatic Trajectories, Contour Advection and Photochemical Trajectory Model Simulations.
- Author
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Reid, S. J., Rex, M., Von Der Gathen, P., Fløisand, I., Stordal, F., Carver, G. D., Beck, A., Reimer, E., Krüger-Carstensen, R., De Haan, L. L., Braathen, G., Dorokhov, V., Fast, H., Kyrö, E., Gil, M., Lityñska, Z., Molyneux, M., Murphy, G., O'Connor, F., Ravegnani, F., Varotsos, C., Wenger, J., and Zerefos, C.
- Published
- 1998
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Balloon Intercomparison Campaigns: Results of remote sensing measurements of HCl
- Author
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Farmer, C. B., Carli, B., Bonetti, A., Carlotti, M., Dinelli, B. M., Fast, H., Evans, W. F. J., Louisnard, N., Alamichel, C., Mankin, W., Coffey, M., Nolt, I. G., Murcray, D. G., Goldman, A., Stokes, G. M., Johnson, D. W., Traub, W. A., Chance, K. V., Zander, R., Roland, G., and Delbouille, L.
- Published
- 1990
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Influence of cytosolic pH changes on the organisation of the endoplasmic reticulum in epidermal cells of onion bulb scales: Acidification by loading with weak organic acids
- Author
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Quader, H. and Fast, H.
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- 1990
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. List of Participants
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ALLEN, J.B., primary, ASHMORE, J.F., additional, ARAN, J.M., additional, AVAN, P., additional, BAKER, R.J., additional, BARUCH, C., additional, BERG, B.G., additional, BERTOLOTTO, C., additional, BIALEK, W., additional, BILSEN, F.A., additional, BLAUERT, J., additional, BOETTCHER, F.A., additional, BREED, A.J., additional, BREGMAN, A.S., additional, BUUS, S., additional, CANÉVET, G., additional, CARLYON, R.P., additional, CAZALS, Y., additional, DE SAUVAGE, R. CHARLET, additional, CHAUVEL, C., additional, CHEVEIGNE, A., additional, COLBURN, H.S., additional, CROSS, P., additional, DAI, H., additional, DALLOS, P., additional, DANCER, A., additional, DARWIN, C., additional, DE BOER, E., additional, DEMANY, L., additional, DIVENYI, P., additional, DOOLING, R., additional, DUIFHUIS, H., additional, DULON, D., additional, ELLIOTT, L.L., additional, EVANS, B.N., additional, EVANS, E.F., additional, FANTINI, D., additional, FAST, H., additional, FETH, L.L., additional, FLORENTINE, M.J., additional, FURST, M., additional, GELIS, C., additional, GREEN, D.A., additional, GROSE, J.H., additional, HAFTER, E.R., additional, HALL, J.W., additional, HALLWORTH, R., additional, HARRISON, R.V., additional, HENNING, G.B., additional, HIEL, H., additional, HOEKSTRA, B., additional, HOLDSWORTH, J., additional, HOLLEY, M., additional, HORNER, K.C., additional, HOUTSMA, A.J.M., additional, HUMES, L.E., additional, KACHAR, B., additional, KANIS, L.J., additional, KLINKE, R., additional, KLUMP, G.M., additional, KOHLER, W., additional, KOHLRAUSCH, A., additional, KOLLMEIER, B., additional, KOLSTON, P.J., additional, KÖPPL, C., additional, LANGNER, G., additional, LAPEYRE, P., additional, LEEK, M., additional, MANLEY, G.A., additional, MARCUS, D.C., additional, MAY, B.J., additional, MEDDIS, R., additional, MICHEYL, R., additional, MILLER, M.I., additional, MISKIEWICZ, M., additional, NARINS, P.M., additional, NUTTALL, A.L., additional, OGHUSHI, K., additional, ORLANDO, M.P., additional, PALMER, A.R., additional, PATTERSON, R.D., additional, PETERS, R.W., additional, PICKLES, J.O., additional, POST, E., additional, PRIJS, V.F., additional, PUEL, J.L., additional, PUESCHEL, D., additional, PUJOL, R., additional, RAATGEVER, J., additional, REES, A., additional, RICHARDS, V., additional, RIEKE, F., additional, ROBINSON, K., additional, ROSEN, S., additional, RUGGERO, M.A., additional, SAMS, M., additional, SCHARF, B., additional, SCHOONHOVEN, R., additional, SEMAL, C., additional, SHAMMA, S.A., additional, SHIVAPUJA, R., additional, SMOLDERS, J.W.T., additional, SPIROU, G.A., additional, STERN, R.M., additional, TRAHIOTIS, C., additional, TURNER, C.W., additional, VAN MAARSEVEN, J.TH.P.W., additional, VAN NETTEN, S.M., additional, VERSFELD, N.J., additional, VERSNEL, H., additional, VIEMEISTER, N.F., additional, VRANIĆ, S., additional, WANGEMANN, P., additional, WILSON, J.P., additional, WIT, H.P., additional, and YOST, W.A., additional
- Published
- 1992
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Ozone Loss Inside the Northern Polar Vortex During the 1991-1992 Winter
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Proffitt, M. H, Aikin, K, Margitan, J. J, Loewenstein, M, Podolske, J. R, Weaver, A, Chan, K. R, Fast, H, and Elkins, J. W
- Published
- 1993
12. Ozone Loss Inside the Northern Polar Vortex During the 1991-1992 Winter
- Author
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Elkins, J. W, Fast, H, Chan, K. R, Weaver, A, Podolske, J. R, Loewenstein, M, Margitan, J. J, Aikin, K, and Proffitt, M. H
- Abstract
Measurement made in the outer ring of the northern polar vortex from October 1991 through March 1992 reveal an altitude dependent change in ozone, with decrease at the bottom of the vortex and substantial increase at the highest altitudes accessible.
- Published
- 1993
13. Observed and simulated time evolution of HCl, ClONO2, and HF total column abundances
- Author
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Kohlhepp R., Ruhnke R., Chipperfield M.P., de Maziere M., Notholt J., Barthlott S, Batchelor R. L., Blatherwick R. D., Blumenstock T., Coffey M., Demoulin P., Fast H., Feng W., Goldman A., Griffith D.W.T., Hamann K., Hannigan J., Hase F., Jones N.B., Kagawa A., Kaiser I., Kasai Y., Kirner O., Kouker W., and Lindenmaier R.
- Published
- 2012
14. Listy do Redakcji: Wspomnienie o Zygmuncie Zahorskim
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Fast, H., additional
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
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15. Listy do Redakcji: Wspomnienie o Witoldzie Wolibnerze
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Fast, H., additional
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
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16. Menopause-specific quality of life questionnaire (MENQOL) dissemination and use: a scoping review
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Campbell, SM, Fast, H, Ross, SJ, Lewis, JE, Sydora, BC, and Yuksel, N
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. Observed and simulated time evolution of HCl, ClONO₂ and HF total column abundances
- Author
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Kohlhepp, R., Ruhnke, R., Chipperfield, M.P., De Maziere, M., Notholt, J., Barthlott, S., Batchelor, R.L., Blatherwick, R.D., Blumenstock, Th., Coffey, M.T., Demoulin, P., Fast, H., Feng, W., Goldman, A., Griffith, D.W.T., Hamann, K., Hannigan, J.W., Hase, F., Jones, N.B., Kagawa, A., Kaiser, I., Kasai, Y., Kirner, O., Kouker, W., Lindenmaier, R., Mahieu, E., Mittermeier, R.L., Monge-Sanz, B., Morino, I., Murata, I., Nakajima, H., Palm, M., Paton-Walsh, C., Raffalski, U., Reddmann, Th., Rettinger, M., Rinsland, C.P., Rozanov, E., Schneider, M., Senten, C., Servais, C., Sinnhuber, B.M., Smale, D., Strong, K., Sussmann, R., Taylor, J.R., Vanhaelewyn, G., Warneke, T., Whaley, C., Wiehle, M., and Wood, S.W.
- Subjects
Earth sciences ,ddc:550 - Published
- 2012
18. Simultaneous atmospheric measurements using two Fourier transform infrared spectrometers at the Polar Environment Atmospheric Research Laboratory during spring 2006, and comparisons with the Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment-Fourier Transform Spectrometer
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Fu, D., Walker, K. A., Mittermeier, R. L., Strong, K., Sung, K., Fast, H., Bernath, P. F., Boone, C. D., Daffer, W. H., Fogal, P., Kolonjari, F., Loewen, P., Manney, G. L., Mikhailov, O., and EGU, Publication
- Subjects
[SDU.OCEAN] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere - Abstract
The 2006 Canadian Arctic ACE (Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment) Validation Campaign collected measurements at the Polar Environment Atmospheric Research Laboratory (PEARL, 80.05° N, 86.42° W, 610 m above sea level) at Eureka, Canada from 17 February to 31 March 2006. Two of the ten instruments involved in the campaign, both Fourier transform spectrometers (FTSs), were operated simultaneously, recording atmospheric solar absorption spectra. The first instrument was an ABB Bomem DA8 high-resolution infrared FTS. The second instrument was the Portable Atmospheric Research Interferometric Spectrometer for the Infrared (PARIS-IR), the ground-based version of the satellite-borne FTS on the ACE satellite (ACE-FTS). From the measurements collected by these two ground-based instruments, total column densities of seven stratospheric trace gases (O3, HNO3, NO2, HCl, HF, NO, and ClONO2 were retrieved using the optimal estimation method and these results were compared. Since the two instruments sampled the same portions of atmosphere by synchronizing observations during the campaign, the biases in retrieved columns from the two spectrometers represent the instrumental differences. These differences were consistent with those seen in previous FTS intercomparison studies. Partial column results from the ground-based spectrometers were also compared with partial columns derived from ACE-FTS version 2.2 (including updates for O3, HDO and N2O5 profiles and the differences found were consistent with the other validation comparison studies for the ACE-FTS version 2.2 data products. Column densities of O3, HCl, ClONO2, and HNO3 from the three FTSs were normalized with respect to HF and used to probe the time evolution of the chemical constituents in the atmosphere over Eureka during spring 2006.
- Published
- 2008
19. Validation of GOMOS-Envisat vertical profiles of O3, NO2, NO3, and aerosol extinction using balloon-borne instruments and analysis of the retrievals
- Author
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Bernath, P. F., Mcelroy, C. T., Abrams, M. C., Boone, C. D., Butler, M., Camy-Peyret, C., Carleer, M., Clerbaux, Cathy, Coheur, P.-F., Colin, R., De Cola, P., De Mazière, M., Drummond, J. R., Dufour, D., Evans, W. F. J., Fast, H., Fussen, D., Gilbert, K., Jennings, D. E., Llewellyn, E. J., Lowe, R. P., Mahieu, E., Mcconnell, J. C., Mchugh, M., Mcleod, S. D., Michaud, R., Midwinter, C., Nassar, R., Nichitiu, F., Nowlan, C., Rinsland, C. P., Rochon, Y. J., Rowlands, N., Semeniuk, K., Simon, P., Skelton, R., Sloan, J. J., Soucy, M.-A., Strong, K., Tremblay, P., Turnbull, D., Walker, K. A., Walkty, I., Wardle, D. A., Wehrle, V., Zander, R., Zou, J., Department of Chemistry [Waterloo], University of Waterloo [Waterloo], Meteorological Service of Canada, Environment and Climate Change Canada, FastMetrix Inc., Laboratoire de Physique moléculaire et applications (LPMA), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service de Chimie Quantique et Photophysique, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Service d'aéronomie (SA), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), NASA Headquarters, Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy / Institut d'Aéronomie Spatiale de Belgique (BIRA-IASB), Department of Physics [Toronto], University of Toronto, Department of Physics and Astronomy [Peterborough], Trent University, Department of Physics and Astronomy [London, ON], University of Western Ontario (UWO), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Department of Physics and Engineering Physics [Saskatoon], University of Saskatchewan [Saskatoon] (U of S), Institut d'Astrophysique et de Géophysique [Liège], Université de Liège, Department of Earth and Space Science and Engineering [York University - Toronto] (ESSE), York University [Toronto], GATS Inc., Canadian Space Agency (CSA), NASA Langley Research Center [Hampton] (LaRC), EMS Technologies Canada Ltd., ABB Bomem Inc., Département de génie électrique et de génie informatique (GEL-GIF), Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval), Bristol Aerospace Ltd., and the European Space Agency (ESA), the French Space Agency (CNES) and the German Space Agency (DLR)
- Subjects
[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph] ,[SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics] ,stratosphere ,Validation ,balloon - Abstract
The UV-visible Global Ozone Monitoring by Occultation of Stars (GOMOS) instrument onboard Envisat performs nighttime measurements of ozone, NO2, NO3 and of the aerosol extinction, using the stellar occultation method. We have conducted a validation exercise using various balloon-borne instruments in different geophysical conditions from 2002 to 2006, using GOMOS measurements performed with stars of different magnitudes. GOMOS and balloon-borne vertical columns in the middle stratosphere are in excellent agreement for ozone and NO2. Some discrepancies can appear between GOMOS and balloon-borne vertical profiles for the altitude and the amplitude of the concentration maximum. These discrepancies are randomly distributed, and no bias is detected. The accuracy of individual profiles in the middle stratosphere is 10 % for ozone and 25 % for NO2. On the other hand, the GOMOS NO3 retrieval is difficult and no direct validation can be conducted. The GOMOS aerosol content is also well estimated, but the wavelength dependence can be better estimated if the aerosol retrieval is performed only in the visible domain. We can conclude that the GOMOS operational retrieval algorithm works well and that GOMOS has fully respected its primary objective for the study of the trends of species in the middle stratosphere, using the profiles in a statistical manner. Some individual profiles can be partly inaccurate, in particular in the lower stratosphere. Improvements could be obtained by reprocessing some GOMOS transmissions in case of specific studies in the middle and lower stratosphere when using the individual profiles.
- Published
- 2008
20. Lunar and solar FTIR nitric acid measurements at Eureka in winter 2001/2002: comparisons with observations at Thule and Kiruna and with CMAM and SLIMCAT model calculations
- Author
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Farahani, F., Fast, H., Mittermeier, R. L., Makino, Y., Strong, K, McLandress, C., Shepherd, T. G., Chipperfield, M. P., Hannigan, J. W., Coffey, M., Mikuteit, S., Hase, F., Blumenstock, T., and Raffalski, U.
- Abstract
For the first time, vertical column measurements of (HNO3) above the Arctic Stratospheric Ozone Observatory (AStrO) at Eureka (80N, 86W), Canada, have been made during polar night using lunar spectra recorded with a Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectrometer, from October 2001 to March 2002. AStrO is part of the primary Arctic station of the Network for the Detection of Stratospheric Change (NDSC). These measurements were compared with FTIR measurements at two other NDSC Arctic sites: Thule, Greenland (76.5N, 68.8W) and Kiruna, Sweden (67.8N, 20.4E). The measurements were also compared with two atmospheric models: the Canadian\ud Middle Atmosphere Model (CMAM) and SLIMCAT. This is the first time that CMAM HNO3 columns have been compared with observations in the Arctic. Eureka lunar measurements are in good agreement with solar ones made with the same instrument. Eureka and Thule HNO3 columns are consistent within measurement error. Differences among HNO3 columns measured at Kiruna and those measured at Eureka and Thule can be explained on the basis of the available sunlight hours and the polar vortex location. The comparison of CMAM HNO3 columns with Eureka and Kiruna data shows good agreement, considering CMAM small inter-annual variability. The warm 2001/02 winter with almost no Polar Stratospheric Clouds (PSCs) makes the comparison of the warm climate version of CMAM with these observations a good test for CMAM under no PSC conditions. SLIMCAT captures the magnitude of HNO3 columns at Eureka, and the day-to-day variability, but generally reports higher HNO3 columns than the CMAM climatological mean columns.
- Published
- 2007
21. Hutterische Brüder
- Author
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Fast, H., primary
- Published
- 1986
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. Relation between loudness of sounds with under critical duration and L Aeq und L AE (2) - In the case of impulsive noise
- Author
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Kuwano, S., Fast, H., and Namba, S.
- Subjects
ddc - Published
- 2006
23. Comparisons between SCIAMACHY atmospheric CO2 retrieved using (FSI) WFM-DOAS to ground based FTIR data and the TM3 chemistry transport model
- Author
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Barkley, M. P., Paul Monks, Frieß, U., Mittermeier, R. L., Fast, H., Körner, S., Heimann, M., Earth Observation Science Group [Leicester] (EOS), Space Research Centre [Leicester], University of Leicester-University of Leicester, Department of Chemistry, Meteorological Service of Canada (MSC), Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry (MPI-BGC), and Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
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[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere - Abstract
Atmospheric CO2 concentrations, retrieved from spectral measurements made in the near infrared (NIR) by the SCIAMACHY instrument, using Full Spectral Initiation Weighting Function Modified Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (FSI WFM-DOAS), are compared to ground based Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) data and to the output from a global chemistry-transport model. Analysis of the FSI WFM-DOAS retrievals with respect to the ground based FTIR instrument, located at Egbert, Canada, show good agreement with an average negative bias of approximately -4.0% with a standard deviation of similar to 3.0%. This bias which exhibits an apparent seasonal trend, is of unknown origin, though slight differences between the averaging kernels of the instruments and the limited temporal coverage of the FTIR data may be the cause. The relative scatter of the retrieved vertical column densities is larger than the spread of the FTIR measurements. Normalizing the CO2 columns using the surface pressure does not affect the magnitude of this bias although it slightly decreases the scatter of the FSI data. Comparisons of the FSI retrievals to the TM3 global chemistry-transport model, performed over four selected Northern Hemisphere scenes show reasonable agreement. The correlation, between the time series of the SCIAMACHY and model monthly scene averages, are similar to 0.7 or greater, demonstrating the ability of SCIAMACHY to detect seasonal changes in the CO2 distribution. The amplitude of the seasonal cycle, peak to peak, observed by SCIAMACHY however, is larger by a factor of 2-3 with respect to the model, which cannot be explained. The yearly means detected by SCIAMACHY are within 2% of those of the model with the mean difference between the CO2 distributions also approximately 2.0%. Additionally, analysis of the retrieved CO2 distributions reveals structure not evident in the model fields which correlates well with land classification type. From these comparisons, it is estimated that the overall bias of the CO2 columns retrieved by the FSI algorithm is < 4.0% with the precision of monthly 1 degrees x1 degrees gridded data close to 1.0%. [References: 41]
- Published
- 2006
24. Comparisons between SCIAMACHY and ground-based FTIR data for total columns of CO, CH4, CO2 and N2O
- Author
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Dus, B., Mazière, M., Müller, J. F., Blumenstock, T., Buchwitz, M., Beek, R., Demoulin, P., Duchatelet, P., Fast, H., Frankenberg, C., Gloudemans, A., Griffith, D., Jones, N., Kerzenmacher, T., Kramer, I., Mahieu, E., Mellqvist, J., Mittermeier, R. L., Notholt, J., Rinsland, C. P., Schrijver, H., Smale, D., Strandberg, A., Straume, A. G., Wolfgang Michael Helmut Stremme, Strong, K., Sussmann, R., Taylor, J., Den Broek, M., Velazco, V., Wagner, T., Warneke, T., Wiacek, A., Wood, S., Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy / Institut d'Aéronomie Spatiale de Belgique (BIRA-IASB), Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe and University Karlsruhe, Institute of Environmental Physics [Bremen] (IUP), University of Bremen, Institut d'Astrophysique et de Géophysique [Liège], Université de Liège, Environment and Climate Change Canada, SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research (SRON), University of Wollongong [Australia], Department of Physics [Toronto], University of Toronto, Chalmers University of Technology [Göteborg], NASA Headquarters, National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research [Lauder] (NIWA), and Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe
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lcsh:Chemistry ,[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere ,lcsh:QD1-999 ,lcsh:Physics ,lcsh:QC1-999 - Abstract
International audience; Total column amounts of CO, CH4, CO2 and N2O retrieved from SCIAMACHY nadir observations in its near-infrared channels have been compared to data from a ground-based quasi-global network of Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometers. The SCIAMACHY data considered here have been produced by three different retrieval algorithms, WFM-DOAS (version 0.5 for CO and CH4 and version 0.4 for CO2 and N2O), IMAP-DOAS (version 1.1 and 0.9 (for CO)) and IMLM (version 6.3) and cover the January to December 2003 time period. Comparisons have been made for individual data, as well as for monthly averages. To maximize the number of reliable coincidences that satisfy the temporal and spatial collocation criteria, the SCIAMACHY data have been compared with a temporal 3rd order polynomial interpolation of the ground-based data. Particular attention has been given to the question whether SCIAMACHY observes correctly the seasonal and latitudinal variability of the target species. The present results indicate that the individual SCIAMACHY data obtained with the actual versions of the algorithms have been significantly improved, but that the quality requirements, for estimating emissions on regional scales, are not yet met. Nevertheless, possible directions for further algorithm upgrades have been identified which should result in more reliable data products in a near future.
- Published
- 2006
25. Comparisons between SCIAMACHY and ground-based FTIR data for total columns of CO, CH₄, CO₂ and N₂O
- Author
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Dils, B., De Maziere, M., Müller, J.F., Blumenstock, T., Buchwitz, M., De Beek, R., Demoulin, P., Duchatelet, P., Fast, H., Frankenberg, C., Gloudemans, A., Griffith, D., Jones, N., Kernzenmacher, T., Kramer, I., Mahieu, E., Mellqvist, J., Mittermeier, R.L., Notholt, J., Rinsland, C.P., Schrijver, H., Smale, D., Strandberg, A., Straume, A.G., Stremme, W., Strong, K., Sussmann, R., Taylor, J., Van Den Broek, M., Velazco, V., Wagner, T., Warneke, T., Wiacek, A., and Wood, S.
- Subjects
Earth sciences ,ddc:550 - Abstract
Total column amounts of CO, CH4, CO2 and N2O retrieved from SCIAMACHY nadir observations in ist near-infrared channels have been compared to data from a ground-based quasi-global network of Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometers. The SCIAMACHY data considered here have been produced by three different retrieval algorithms, WFM-DOAS (version 0.5 for CO and CH4 and version 0.4 for CO2 and N2O), IMAP-DOAS (version 1.1 and 0.9 (for CO)) and IMLM (version 6.3) and cover the January to December 2003 time period. Comparisons have been made for individual data, as well as for monthly averages. To maximize the number of reliable coincidences that satisfy the temporal and spatial collocation criteria, the SCIAMACHY data have been compared with a temporal 3rd order polynomial interpolation of the ground-based data. Particular attention has been given to the question whether SCIAMACHY observes correctly the seasonal and latitudinal variability of the target species. The present results indicate that the individual SCIAMACHY data obtained with the actual versions of the algorithms have been significantly improved, but that the quality requirements, for estimating emissions on regional scales, are not yet met. Nevertheless, possible directions for further algorithm upgrades have been identified which should result in more reliable data products in a near future.
- Published
- 2006
26. Arctic winter 2005: Implications for stratospheric ozone loss and climate change
- Author
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Rex, M. Salawitch, R.J. Deckelmann, H. von der Gathen, P. Harris, N.R.P. Chipperfield, M.P. Naujokat, B. Reimer, E. Allaart, M. Andersen, S.B. Bevilacqua, R. Braathen, G.O. Claude, H. Davies, J. De Backer, H. Dier, H. Dorokhov, V. Fast, H. Gerding, M. Godin-Beekmann, S. Hoppel, K. Johnson, B. Kyrö, E. Litynska, Z. Moore, D. Nakane, H. Parrondo, M.C. Risley Jr., A.D. Skrivankova, P. Stübi, R. Viatte, P. Yushkov, V. Zerefos, C.
- Abstract
The Arctic polar vortex exhibited widespread regions of low temperatures during the winter of 2005, resulting in significant ozone depletion by chlorine and bromine species. We show that chemical loss of column ozone (ΔO3) and the volume of Arctic vortex air cold enough to support the existence of polar stratospheric clouds (VPSC) both exceed levels found for any other Arctic winter during the past 40 years. Cold conditions and ozone loss in the lowermost Arctic stratosphere (e.g., between potential temperatures of 360 to 400 K) were particularly unusual compared to previous years. Measurements indicate ΔO3 = 121 ± 20 DU and that ΔO3 versus VPSC lies along an extension of the compact, near linear relation observed for previous Arctic winters. The maximum value of VPSC during five to ten year intervals exhibits a steady, monotonic increase over the past four decades, indicating that the coldest Arctic winters have become significantly colder, and hence are more conducive to ozone depletion by anthropogenic halogens. Copyright 2006 by the American Geophysical Union.
- Published
- 2006
27. Comparisons between SCIAMACHY and ground-based FTIR data for total columns of CO, CH4, CO2 and N2O
- Author
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Dils, B., De Mazière, M., Blumenstock, T., Buchwitz, M., De Beek, R., Demoulin, P., Duchatelet, P., Fast, H., Frankenberg, C., Gloudemans, A., Griffith, D., Jones, N., Kerzenmacher, T., Kramer, I., Mahieu, E., Mellqvist, J., Mittermeier, R. L., Notholt, J., Rinsland, C. P., Schrijver, H., Smale, D., Strandberg, A., Straume, A. G., Stremme, W., Strong, K., Sussmann, R., Taylor, James, Van Den Broek, M., Wagner, T., Warneke, T., Wiacek, A., Wood, S., Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy / Institut d'Aéronomie Spatiale de Belgique (BIRA-IASB), Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Institute of Environmental Physics [Bremen] (IUP), University of Bremen, Institut d'Astrophysique et de Géophysique [Liège], Université de Liège, Meteorological Service of Canada (MSC), University of Wollongong [Australia], University of Toronto, Chalmers University of Technology [Göteborg], NASA Headquarters, and SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research (SRON)
- Subjects
[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere - Abstract
International audience; Total column amounts of CO, CH4, CO2 and N2O retrieved from SCIAMACHY nadir observations in its near-infrared channels have been compared to data from a ground-based quasi-global network of Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometers. The SCIAMACHY data considered here have been produced by three different retrieval algorithms, WFM-DOAS (version 0.4, 0.41 for CH4), IMAP-DOAS (version 0.9) and IMLM (version 5.5) and cover the January to December 2003 time period. Comparisons have been made for individual data, as well as for monthly averages. To maximize the number of reliable coincidences that satisfy the temporal and spatial collocation criteria, the SCIAMACHY data have been compared with a temporal 3rd order polynomial interpolation of the ground-based data. Particular attention has been given to the question whether SCIAMACHY observes correctly the seasonal and latitudinal variability of the target species. The ensemble of comparisons, discussed in this paper, demonstrate the capability of SCIAMACHY, using any of the three algorithms, to deliver products for the target species under consideration, which are already useful for qualitative geophysical studies on a global scale. It is expected that the remaining uncertainties in the data products will decrease in future versions of the algorithm to also allow more quantitative investigations on a regional scale.
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- 2005
28. Ozone loss rates over the Arctic 2002/03 and Antarctic 2003 measured with the Match approach
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Streibel, M., von der Gathen, P., Rex, M., Deckelmann, H., Harris, N., Braathen, G., Chipperfield, M., Millard, G., Reimer, E., Alfier, R., Allaart, M., Andersen, S., Araujo, J., Balis, D., Billet, O., Cambridge, C., Claude, H., Colwell, S., Davis, J., De Backer, H., Deshler, T., Dier, H., Dorokhov, V., Easson, J., Fast, H., Gerding, M., Ginzburg, M., Godin-Beekmann, S., Johnson, B., Karhu, J., Klekociuk, A., Kyrö, E., Moore, D., Moran, E., Nagai, T., Nakane, H., Parrondo, C., Ravegnani, F., Roscoe, H., Sato, K., Shanklin, J., Skrivankova, P., Stübi, R., Tripathi, O., Varotsos, C., Vialle, C., Viatte, P., Yamanouchi, T., Yela, M., Yoshizawa, N., Yushkov, V., and Zerefos, C.
- Abstract
To improve our understanding of wintertime polar ozone losses, two ozonesonde Match campaigns were performed. The first one was carried out in the Arctic winter 2002/03. About 450 co-ordinated ozonesondes were launched from late November 2002 to March 2003. Temperatures low enough for the formation of polar stratospheric clouds (PSC) occurred already in the second half of November. At 475 K the Match analysis shows increasing ozone loss rates from early December until the second half of January with peaking loss rates of 35 ppbv/day. Afterwards the rate of ozone loss decreased and stopped after a month. Throughout the whole winter we find accumulated ozone loss of about 1.5 ppmv at the 500 K isentrope and approximately 60 DU in the total ozone column, which is about half of the maximum loss found in past winters. From June to October 2003 an Antarctic Match campaign was carried out for the first time. About 400 sondes were launched by 9 stations. Ozone loss rates of up to 75 ppbv/day were found inside the polar vortex at the 475 K potential temperature level during the first half of September. The timing of the fastest ozone loss coincides with the return of sunlight to the vortex after the Antarctic winter. During the whole time period temperatures were low enough for PSCs, including ice clouds, to form. Results for the potential temperature range between 400 K and 550 K will be presented.
- Published
- 2004
29. Using FTIR measurements of stratospheric composition to identify midlatitude polar vortex intrusions over Toronto
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Whaley, C., primary, Strong, K., additional, Adams, C., additional, Bourassa, A. E., additional, Daffer, W. H., additional, Degenstein, D. A., additional, Fast, H., additional, Fogal, P. F., additional, Manney, G. L., additional, Mittermeier, R. L., additional, Pavlovic, B., additional, and Wiacek, A., additional
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Arctic ozone loss in threshold conditions: Match observations in 1997/1998 and 1998/1999
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Schulz, A. Rex, M. Harris, N.R.P. Braathen, G.O. Reimer, E. Alfier, R. Kilbane-Dawe, I. Eckermann, S. Allaart, M. Alpers, M. Bojkov, B. Cisneros, J. Claude, H. Cuevas, E. Davies, J. De Backer, H. Dier, H. Dorokhov, V. Fast, H. Godin, S. Johnson, B. Kois, B. Kondo, Y. Kosmidis, E. Kyrö, E. Litynska, Z. Mikkelsen, I.S. Molyneux, M.J. Murphy, G. Nagai, T. Nakane, H. O'Connor, F. Parrondo, C. Schmidlin, F.J. Skrivankova, P. Varotsos, C. Vialle, C. Viatte, P. Yushkov, V. Zerefos, C. Von Der Gathen, P.
- Abstract
Chemical ozone loss rates inside the Arctic polar vortex were determined in early 1998 and early 1999 by using the Match technique based on coordinated ozonesonde measurements. These two winters provide the only opportunities in recent years to investigate chemical ozone loss in a warm Arctic vortex under threshold conditions, i.e., where the preconditions for chlorine activation, and hence ozone destruction, only occurred occasionally. In 1998, results were obtained in January and February between 410 and 520 K. The overall ozone loss was observed to be largely insignificant, with the exception of late February, when those air parcels exposed to temperatures below 195 K were affected by chemical ozone loss. In 1999, results are confined to the 475 K isentropic level, where no significant ozone loss was observed. Average temperatures were some 8° - 10° higher than those in 1995, 1996, and 1997, when substantial chemical ozone loss occurred. The results underline the strong dependence of the chemical ozone loss on the stratospheric temperatures. This study shows that enhanced chlorine alone does not provide a sufficient condition for ozone loss. The evolution of stratospheric temperatures over the next decade will be the determining factor for the amount of wintertime chemical ozone loss in the Arctic stratosphere. Copyright 2001 by the American Geophysical Union.
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- 2001
31. Observed and simulated time evolution of HCl, ClONO2, and HF total column abundances
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Kohlhepp, R, Ruhnke, R, Chipperfield, M P, De Maziere, M, Notholt, J, Barthlott, S, Batchelor, R L, Blatherwick, R D, Blumenstock, Th, Coffey, M T, Demoulin, P, Fast, H, Feng, W, Goldman, A, Griffith, D W. T, Hamann, K, Hannigan, J W, Hase, F, Jones, N B, Kagawa, A, Kaiser, I, Kasai, Y, Kirner, O, Kouker, W, Lindenmaier, R, Mahieu, E, MITTERMEIER, R L, Monge-Sanz, B, Morino, I, Murata, I, Nakajima, H, Palm, M, Paton-Walsh, Clare, Raffalski, U, Reddmann, Th, Rettinger, M, Rinsland, C P, Rozanov, E, Schneider, M, Senten, C, Servais, C, Sinnhuber, B M, Smale, D, Strong, K, Sussmann, R, Taylor, J R, Vanhaelewyn, G, Warneke, T, Whaley, C, Wiehle, M, Wood, S W, Kohlhepp, R, Ruhnke, R, Chipperfield, M P, De Maziere, M, Notholt, J, Barthlott, S, Batchelor, R L, Blatherwick, R D, Blumenstock, Th, Coffey, M T, Demoulin, P, Fast, H, Feng, W, Goldman, A, Griffith, D W. T, Hamann, K, Hannigan, J W, Hase, F, Jones, N B, Kagawa, A, Kaiser, I, Kasai, Y, Kirner, O, Kouker, W, Lindenmaier, R, Mahieu, E, MITTERMEIER, R L, Monge-Sanz, B, Morino, I, Murata, I, Nakajima, H, Palm, M, Paton-Walsh, Clare, Raffalski, U, Reddmann, Th, Rettinger, M, Rinsland, C P, Rozanov, E, Schneider, M, Senten, C, Servais, C, Sinnhuber, B M, Smale, D, Strong, K, Sussmann, R, Taylor, J R, Vanhaelewyn, G, Warneke, T, Whaley, C, Wiehle, M, and Wood, S W
- Abstract
Time series of total column abundances of hydrogen chloride (HCl), chlorine nitrate (ClONO2), and hydrogen fluoride (HF) were determined from ground-based Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra recorded at 17 sites belonging to the Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC) and located between 80.05° N and 77.82° S. By providing such a near-global overview on ground-based measurements of the two major stratospheric chlorine reservoir species, HCl and ClONO2, the present study is able to confirm the decrease of the atmospheric inorganic chlorine abundance during the last few years. This decrease is expected following the 1987 Montreal Protocol and its amendments and adjustments, where restrictions and a subsequent phase-out of the prominent anthropogenic chlorine source gases (solvents, chlorofluorocarbons) were agreed upon to enable a stabilisation and recovery of the stratospheric ozone layer. The atmospheric fluorine content is expected to be influenced by the Montreal Protocol, too, because most of the banned anthropogenic gases also represent important fluorine sources. But many of the substitutes to the banned gases also contain fluorine so that the HF total column abundance is expected to have continued to increase during the last few years. The measurements are compared with calculations from five different models: the two-dimensional Bremen model, the two chemistry-transport models KASIMA and SLIMCAT, and the two chemistry-climate models EMAC and SOCOL. Thereby, the ability of the models to reproduce the absolute total column amounts, the seasonal cycles, and the temporal evolution found in the FTIR measurements is investigated and inter-compared. This is especially interesting because the models have different architectures. The overall agreement between the measurements and models for the total column abundances and the seasonal cycles is good. Linear trends of HCl, ClONO2, and HF are calculated from both measurement and model t
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- 2012
32. Match observations in the Arctic winter 1996/97: High stratospheric ozone loss rates correlate with low temperatures deep inside the polar vortex
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Schulz, A. Rex, M. Steger, J. Harris, N.R.P. Braathen, G.O. Reimer, E. Alfier, R. Beck, A. Alpers, M. Cisneros, J. Claude, H. De Backer, H. Dier, H. Dorokhov, V. Fast, H. Godin, S. Hansen, G. Kanzawa, H. Kois, B. Kondo, Y. Kosmidis, E. Kyrö, E. Litynska, Z. Molyneux, M.J. Murphy, G. Nakane, H. Parrondo, C. Ravegnani, F. Varotsos, C. Vialle, C. Viatte, P. Yushkov, V. Zerefos, C. Von Der Gathen, P.
- Abstract
With the Match technique, which is based on the coordinated release of ozonesondes, chemical ozone loss rates in the Arctic stratospheric vortex in early 1997 have been quantified in a vertical region between 400 K and 550 K. Ozone destruction was observed from mid February to mid March in most of these levels, with maximum loss rates between 25 and 45 ppbv/day. The vortex averaged loss rates and the accumulated vertically integrated ozone loss have been smaller than in the previous two winters, indicating that the record low ozone columns observed in spring 1997 were partly caused by dynamical effects. The observed ozone loss is inhomogeneous through the vortex with the highest loss rates located in the vortex centre, coinciding with the lowest temperatures. Here the loss rates per sunlit hour reached 6 ppbv/h, while the corresponding vortex averaged rates did not exceed 3.9 ppbv/h.
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- 2000
33. Validation of five years (2003-2007) of SCIAMACHY CO total column measurements using ground-based spectrometer observations
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de Laat, A.T.J., Gloudemans, A.M.S., Schrijver, H., Aben, E.A.A., Nagahama, Y., Suzuki, K., Mahieu, E., Jones, N.B., Paton-Walsh, C., Deutscher, N.M., Griffith, D.W.T., De Maziere, M., Mittermeier, R.L., Fast, H., Notholt, J., Palm, M., Hawat, T., Blumenstock, T., Hase, F., Schneider, M., Rinsland, C., Dzhola, A.V., Grechko, E.I., Poberovskii, A.M., Makarova, M.V., Mellqvist, J., Strandberg, A., Sussmann, R., Borsdorff, T., de Laat, A.T.J., Gloudemans, A.M.S., Schrijver, H., Aben, E.A.A., Nagahama, Y., Suzuki, K., Mahieu, E., Jones, N.B., Paton-Walsh, C., Deutscher, N.M., Griffith, D.W.T., De Maziere, M., Mittermeier, R.L., Fast, H., Notholt, J., Palm, M., Hawat, T., Blumenstock, T., Hase, F., Schneider, M., Rinsland, C., Dzhola, A.V., Grechko, E.I., Poberovskii, A.M., Makarova, M.V., Mellqvist, J., Strandberg, A., Sussmann, R., and Borsdorff, T.
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- 2010
- Full Text
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34. Validation of five years (2003-2007) of SCIAMACHY CO total column measurements using ground-based spectrometer observations
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de Laat, A T. J, Gloudemans, A M. S, Schrijver, H, Aben, I, Nagahama, Y, Suzuki, K, Mahieu, E, Jones, N B, Paton-Walsh, Clare, Deutscher, N M, Griffith, D W. T, De Maziere, M, Mittermeier, R L, Fast, H, Notholt, J, Palm, M, Hawat, T, Blumenstock, T, Hase, F, Schneider, M, Rinsland, C, Dzhola, A V, Grechko, E I, Poberovskii, A M, Makarova, M V, Mellqvist, J, Strandberg, A, Sussmann, R, Borsdorff, T, Rettinger, M, de Laat, A T. J, Gloudemans, A M. S, Schrijver, H, Aben, I, Nagahama, Y, Suzuki, K, Mahieu, E, Jones, N B, Paton-Walsh, Clare, Deutscher, N M, Griffith, D W. T, De Maziere, M, Mittermeier, R L, Fast, H, Notholt, J, Palm, M, Hawat, T, Blumenstock, T, Hase, F, Schneider, M, Rinsland, C, Dzhola, A V, Grechko, E I, Poberovskii, A M, Makarova, M V, Mellqvist, J, Strandberg, A, Sussmann, R, Borsdorff, T, and Rettinger, M
- Abstract
This paper presents a validation study of SCanning Imaging Absorption spectroMeter for Atmospheric CHartographY (SCIAMACHY) carbon monoxide (CO) total column measurements from the Iterative Maximum Likelihood Method (IMLM) algorithm using ground-based spectrometer observations from twenty surface stations for the five year time period of 2003–2007. Overall we find a good agreement between SCIAMACHY and ground-based observations for both mean values as well as seasonal variations. For high-latitude Northern Hemisphere stations absolute differences between SCIAMACHY and ground-based measurements are close to or fall within the SCIAMACHY CO 2 precision of 0.2×1018 molecules/cm2 (10%) indicating that SCIAMACHY can observe CO accurately at high Northern Hemisphere latitudes. For Northern Hemisphere mid-latitude stations the validation is complicated due to the vicinity of emission sources for almost all stations, leading to higher ground-based measurements compared to SCIAMACHY CO within its typical sampling area of 8 ×8. Comparisons with Northern Hemisphere mountain stations are hampered by elevation effects. After accounting for these effects, the validation provides satisfactory results
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- 2010
35. Bipolar ozone loss rates measured by ozonesonde Match campaigns during IPY
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von der Gathen, Peter, Rex, Markus, Deckelmann, Holger, Harris, N. R. P., Allaart, M., Andersen, S. B., Eriksen, P., Araujo, J., Claude, H., David, C., Godin-Beekmann, S., Davies, J., Fast, H., Backer, H. de, Deshler, T., Mercer, J., Dier, H., Dorokhov, V., Yushkov, V., Gerding, M., Grunow, K., Reimer, E., Johnson, B., Karhu, J. M., Kivi, R., Kyrö, E., Keckhut, P., Marchand, M., Klekociuk, A., Kois, B., Zablocki, G., König-Langlo, Gert, Moore, D., Nakajima, H., Yamanouchi, T., Parrondo, C., Yela, M., Sato, K., Skrivankova, P., Stübi, R., Viatte, P., Vik, A. F., von der Gathen, Peter, Rex, Markus, Deckelmann, Holger, Harris, N. R. P., Allaart, M., Andersen, S. B., Eriksen, P., Araujo, J., Claude, H., David, C., Godin-Beekmann, S., Davies, J., Fast, H., Backer, H. de, Deshler, T., Mercer, J., Dier, H., Dorokhov, V., Yushkov, V., Gerding, M., Grunow, K., Reimer, E., Johnson, B., Karhu, J. M., Kivi, R., Kyrö, E., Keckhut, P., Marchand, M., Klekociuk, A., Kois, B., Zablocki, G., König-Langlo, Gert, Moore, D., Nakajima, H., Yamanouchi, T., Parrondo, C., Yela, M., Sato, K., Skrivankova, P., Stübi, R., Viatte, P., and Vik, A. F.
- Abstract
In the frame of the International Polar Year three ozonesonde Match campaigns have been performed, one in the Antarctic and two in the Arctic. Nine stations participated in the Antarctic campaign: Belgrano, Davis, Dome Concordia, Dumont dUrville, Marambio, McMurdo, Neumayer, South Pole and Syowa. The campaign lasted from early June to end of October 2007. Numerous polar and mid-latitude stations participated in both Arctic campaigns. The first one lasted from early January to early April 2007. The second campaign started mid of December 2007 and was ongoing mid of February. We present ozone loss rates deduced from data of all three campaigns. The ozone loss rates in the Antarctic follow in general those of the first Antarctic Match campaign in 2003 reaching 60 to 80 ppb/day in the range 450 K to 500 K during September. The uncertainty is larger compared to 2003 where maximum loss rates around 60 ppb/day were measured. The Arctic winter 2006/07 was a winter with moderate ozone losses compared to losses in former winters of the last two decades. Together with the winter 2007/08 the data add to the large Match data base currently consisting 14 Arctic and 2 Antarctic winters since 1991/92.
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- 2008
36. An Intercomparison of Ground-based Solar FTIR Measurements of Atmospheric Gases at Eureka, Canada
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Paton-Walsh, Clare, Mittermeier, R., Bell, W., Fast, H., Jones, N. B., Meier, A., Paton-Walsh, Clare, Mittermeier, R., Bell, W., Fast, H., Jones, N. B., and Meier, A.
- Abstract
We report the results of an intercomparison of vertical column amounts of hydrogen chloride (HCl), hydrogen fluoride (HF), nitrous oxide (N2O), nitric acid (HNO3), methane (CH4), ozone (O3), carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrogen (N2) derived from the spectra recorded by two ground-based Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometers operated side-by-side using the sun as a source. The procedure used to record spectra and derive vertical column amounts follows the format of previous instrument intercomparisons organised by the Network for Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC), formerly known as the Network for Detection of Stratospheric Change (NDSC). For most gases the differences were typically around 3% and in about half of the results the error bars given by the standard deviation of the measurements from each instrument did not overlap. The worst level of agreement was for HF where differences of over 5% were typical. The level of agreement achieved during this intercomparison is a little worse than that achieved in previous intercomparisons between ground-based FTIR spectrometers.
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- 2008
37. In situ measurements of stratospheric ozone depletion rates in the Arctic winter 1991/1992: A Lagrangian approach
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Rex, M. Von Der Gathen, P. Harris, N.R.P. Lucic, D. Knudsen, B.M. Braathen, G.O. Reid, S.J. De Backer, H. Claude, H. Fabian, R. Fast, H. Gil, M. Kyrö, E. Mikkelsen, I.S. Rummukainen, M. Smit, H.G. Stähelin, J. Varotsos, C. Zaitcev, I.
- Abstract
A Lagrangian approach has been used to assess the degree of chemically induced ozone loss in the Arctic lower stratosphere in winter 1991/1992. Trajectory calculations are used to identify air parcels probed by two ozonesondes at different points along the trajectories. A statistical analysis of the measured differences in ozone mixing ratio and the time the air parcel spent in sunlight between the measurements provides the chemical ozone loss. Initial results were first described by von der Gathen et al. [1995]. Here we present a more detailed description of the technique and a more comprehensive discussion of the results. Ozone loss rates of up to 10 ppbv per sunlit hour (or 54 ppbv per day) were found inside the polar vortex on the 475 K potential temperature surface (about 19.5 km in altitude) at the end of January. The period of rapid ozone loss coincides and slightly lags a period when temperatures were cold enough for type I polar stratospheric clouds to form. It is shown that the ozone loss occurs exclusively during the sunlit portions of the trajectories. The time evolution and vertical distribution of the ozone loss rates are discussed.
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- 1998
38. A study of ozone laminae using diabatic trajectories, contour advection and photochemical trajectory model simulations
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Reid, SJ, Rex, M, Von der Gathen, P, Floisand, I, Stordal, F, Carver, GD, Beck, A, Reimer, E, Kruger-Carstensen, R: De Haan, LL, Braathen, G, Dorokhov, V, Fast, H, Kyro, E, Gil, M, Litynska, Z, Molyneux, M, Murphy, G, O'Connor, F, Ravegnani, F, Varotsos, C, Wenger, J, and Zerefos, C
- Abstract
In this paper, we show that the rate of ozone loss in both polar and mid-latitudes, derived from ozonesonde and satellite data, has almost the same vertical distribution (although opposite sense) to that of ozone laminae abundance. Ozone laminae appear in the lower stratosphere soon after the polar vortex is established in autumn, increase in number throughout the winter and reach a maximum abundance in late winter or spring. We indicate a possible coupling between mid-winter, sudden stratospheric warmings (when the vortex is weakened or disrupted) and the abundance of ozone laminae using a 23-year record of ozonesonde data from the World Ozone Data Center in Canada combined with monthly-mean January polar temperatures at 30 hPa. Results are presented from an experiment conducted during the winter of 1994/95, in phase II of the Second European Stratospheric And Mid-latitude Experiment (SESAME), in which 93 ozone-enhanced laminae of polar origin observed by ozonesondes at different time and locations are linked by diabatic trajectories, enabling them to be probed twice or more. It is shown that, in general, ozone concentrations inside laminae fall progressively with time, mixing irreversibly with mid-latitude air on time-scales of a few weeks. A particular set of laminae which advected across Europe during mid February 1995 are examined in detail. These laminae were observed almost simultaneously at seven ozonesonde stations, providing information on their spatial scales. The development of these laminae has been modelled using the Contour Advection algorithm of Norton (1994), adding support to the concept that many laminae are extrusions of vortex air. Finally, a photochemical trajectory model is used to show that, if the air in the laminae is chemically activated, it will impact on mid-latitude ozone concentrations. An estimate is made of the potential number of ozone molecules lost each winter via this mechanism.
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- 1998
39. Arctic winter 2005: Implications for stratospheric ozone loss and climate change
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Rex, Markus, Salawitch, R. J., Deckelmann, Holger, von der Gathen, Peter, Harris, N. R. P., Chipperfield, M. P., Naujokat, B., Reimer, E., Allaart, M., Andersen, S. B., Bevilacqua, R., Braathen, G. O., Claude, H., Davies, J., De Backer, H., Dier, H., Dorokov, V., Fast, H., Gerding, M., Hoppel, K., Johnson, B., Kyrö, E., Litynska, Z., Moore, D., Nagai, T., Parrondo, M. C., Risley, D., Skrivankova, P., Stübi, R., Trepte, C., Viatte, P., Zerefos, C., Rex, Markus, Salawitch, R. J., Deckelmann, Holger, von der Gathen, Peter, Harris, N. R. P., Chipperfield, M. P., Naujokat, B., Reimer, E., Allaart, M., Andersen, S. B., Bevilacqua, R., Braathen, G. O., Claude, H., Davies, J., De Backer, H., Dier, H., Dorokov, V., Fast, H., Gerding, M., Hoppel, K., Johnson, B., Kyrö, E., Litynska, Z., Moore, D., Nagai, T., Parrondo, M. C., Risley, D., Skrivankova, P., Stübi, R., Trepte, C., Viatte, P., and Zerefos, C.
- Abstract
The Arctic polar vortex exhibited widespread regions of low temperatures during the winter of 2005, resulting in significant ozone depletion by chlorine and bromine species. We show that chemical loss of column ozone (deltaO3) and the volume of Arctic vortex air cold enough to support the existence of polar stratospheric clouds (V_PSC) both exceed levels found for any other Arctic winter during the past 40 years. Cold conditions and ozone loss in the lowermost Arctic stratosphere (e.g., between potential temperatures of 360 to 400 K) were particularly unusual compared to previous years. Measurements indicate DO3 = 121 ± 20 DU and that deltaO3 versus V_PSC lies along an extension of the compact, near linear relation observed for previous Arctic winters. The maximum value of V_PSC during five to ten year intervals exhibits a steady, monotonic increase over the past four decades, indicating that the coldest Arctic winters have become significantly colder, and hence are more conducive to ozone depletion by anthropogenic halogens.
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- 2006
40. Chemical ozone loss in the Arctic winter 2002/2003 determined with Match
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Streibel, M., Rex, Markus, von der Gathen, Peter, Lehmann, Ralph, Harris, N. R. P., Braathen, G. O., Reimer, E., Deckelmann, Holger, Chipperfield, M., Millard, G., Allaart, M., Andersen, S. B., Claude, H., Davies, J., De Backer, H., Dier, H., Dorokhov, V., Fast, H., Gerding, M., Kyrö, E., Litynska, Z., Moore, D., Moran, E., Nagai, T., Nakane, H., Parrondo, C., Skrivankova, P., Stübi, R., Vaughan, G., Viatte, P., Yushkov, V., Streibel, M., Rex, Markus, von der Gathen, Peter, Lehmann, Ralph, Harris, N. R. P., Braathen, G. O., Reimer, E., Deckelmann, Holger, Chipperfield, M., Millard, G., Allaart, M., Andersen, S. B., Claude, H., Davies, J., De Backer, H., Dier, H., Dorokhov, V., Fast, H., Gerding, M., Kyrö, E., Litynska, Z., Moore, D., Moran, E., Nagai, T., Nakane, H., Parrondo, C., Skrivankova, P., Stübi, R., Vaughan, G., Viatte, P., and Yushkov, V.
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- 2006
41. Arctic Ozone Loss and Climate Change - Large Ozone Loss in Arctic Winter 2004/2005
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Rex, Markus, Salawitch, R. J., Harris, N. R. P., Chipperfield, M. P., Naujokat, B., von der Gathen, Peter, Deckelmann, Holger, Reimer, E., Braathen, G. B., Allaart, M., Andersen, S. B., Claude, H., Davies, J., De Backer, H., Dier, H., Dorokov, V., Fast, H., Gerding, M., Kyrö, E., Litynska, Z., Moore, D., Moran, E., Nagai, T., Nakane, H., Parrondo, C., Skrivankova, P., Stübi, R., Vaughan, G., Viatte, P., Yushkov, V., Zerefos, C., Rex, Markus, Salawitch, R. J., Harris, N. R. P., Chipperfield, M. P., Naujokat, B., von der Gathen, Peter, Deckelmann, Holger, Reimer, E., Braathen, G. B., Allaart, M., Andersen, S. B., Claude, H., Davies, J., De Backer, H., Dier, H., Dorokov, V., Fast, H., Gerding, M., Kyrö, E., Litynska, Z., Moore, D., Moran, E., Nagai, T., Nakane, H., Parrondo, C., Skrivankova, P., Stübi, R., Vaughan, G., Viatte, P., Yushkov, V., and Zerefos, C.
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- 2005
42. Unusually low ozone, HCl, and HNO<sub>3</sub> column measurements at Eureka, Canada during winter/spring 2011
- Author
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Lindenmaier, R., primary, Strong, K., additional, Batchelor, R. L., additional, Chipperfield, M. P., additional, Daffer, W. H., additional, Drummond, J. R., additional, Duck, T. J., additional, Fast, H., additional, Feng, W., additional, Fogal, P. F., additional, Kolonjari, F., additional, Manney, G. L., additional, Manson, A., additional, Meek, C., additional, Mittermeier, R. L., additional, Nott, G. J., additional, Perro, C., additional, and Walker, K. A., additional
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Supplementary material to "Unusually low ozone, HCl, and HNO3 column measurements at Eureka, Canada during winter/spring 2011"
- Author
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Lindenmaier, R., primary, Strong, K., additional, Batchelor, R. L., additional, Chipperfield, M. P., additional, Daffer, W. H., additional, Drummond, J. R., additional, Duck, T. J., additional, Fast, H., additional, Feng, W., additional, Fogal, P. F., additional, Kolonjari, F., additional, Manney, G. L., additional, Manson, A., additional, Meek, C., additional, Mittermeier, R. L., additional, Nott, G. J., additional, Perro, C., additional, and Walker, K. A., additional
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. OBSERVATIONAL EVIDENCE FOR CHEMICAL OZONE DEPLETION OVER THE ARCTIC IN WINTER 1991-92
- Author
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VONDERGATHEN, P REX, M HARRIS, NRP LUCIC, D KNUDSEN, BM and BRAATHEN, GO DEBACKER, H FABIAN, R FAST, H GIL, M and KYRO, E MIKKELSEN, IS RUMMUKAINEN, M STAHELIN, J and VAROTSOS, C
- Abstract
LONG-TERM depletion of ozone has been observed since the early 1980s in the Antarctic polar vortex, and more recently at midlatitudes in both hemispheres, with most of the ozone loss occurring in the lower stratosphere(1). Insufficient measurements of ozone exist, however, to determine decadal trends in ozone concentration in the Arctic winter. Several studies of ozone concentrations in the Arctic vortex have inferred that chemical ozone loss has occurred(2-11); but because natural variations in ozone concentration at any given location can be large, deducing long-term trends from time series is fraught with difficulties. The approaches used previously have often been indirect, typically relying on relationships between ozone and long-lived tracers. Most recently Manney et al.(11) used such an approach, based on satellite measurements, to conclude that the observed ozone decrease of about 20% in the lower stratosphere in February and March 1993 was caused by chemical, rather than dynamical, processes. Here we report the results of a new approach to calculate chemical ozone destruction rates that allows us to compare ozone concentrations in specific air parcels at different times, thus avoiding the need to make assumptions about ozone/tracer ratios. For the Arctic vortex of the 1991-92 winter we find that, at 20 km altitude, chemical ozone loss occurred only between early January and mid February and that the loss is proportional to the exposure to sunlight. The timing and magnitude are broadly consistent with existing understanding of photochemical ozone-depletion processes.
- Published
- 1995
45. Observed and simulated time evolution of HCl, ClONO2, and HF total column abundances
- Author
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Kohlhepp, R., primary, Ruhnke, R., additional, Chipperfield, M. P., additional, De Mazière, M., additional, Notholt, J., additional, Barthlott, S., additional, Batchelor, R. L., additional, Blatherwick, R. D., additional, Blumenstock, Th., additional, Coffey, M. T., additional, Demoulin, P., additional, Fast, H., additional, Feng, W., additional, Goldman, A., additional, Griffith, D. W. T., additional, Hamann, K., additional, Hannigan, J. W., additional, Hase, F., additional, Jones, N. B., additional, Kagawa, A., additional, Kaiser, I., additional, Kasai, Y., additional, Kirner, O., additional, Kouker, W., additional, Lindenmaier, R., additional, Mahieu, E., additional, Mittermeier, R. L., additional, Monge-Sanz, B., additional, Murata, I., additional, Nakajima, H., additional, Morino, I., additional, Palm, M., additional, Paton-Walsh, C., additional, Raffalski, U., additional, Reddmann, Th., additional, Rettinger, M., additional, Rinsland, C. P., additional, Rozanov, E., additional, Schneider, M., additional, Senten, C., additional, Servais, C., additional, Sinnhuber, B.-M., additional, Smale, D., additional, Strong, K., additional, Sussmann, R., additional, Taylor, J. R., additional, Vanhaelewyn, G., additional, Warneke, T., additional, Whaley, C., additional, Wiehle, M., additional, and Wood, S. W., additional
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Simultaneous trace gas measurements using two Fourier transform spectrometers at Eureka, Canada during spring 2006, and comparisons with the ACE-FTS
- Author
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Fu, D., primary, Walker, K. A., additional, Mittermeier, R. L., additional, Strong, K., additional, Sung, K., additional, Fast, H., additional, Bernath, P. F., additional, Boone, C. D., additional, Daffer, W. H., additional, Fogal, P., additional, Kolonjari, F., additional, Loewen, P., additional, Manney, G. L., additional, Mikhailov, O., additional, and Drummond, J. R., additional
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. A Ten-Year Record of Arctic Trace Gas Total Column Measurements at Eureka, Canada, from 1997 to 2006
- Author
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Fast, H., primary, Mittermeier, R. L., additional, and Makino, Y., additional
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Validation of ENVISAT-1 Level-2 Products related to lower Atmosphere O3 and NOy Chemistry by an FTIR Quasi-Global Network
- Author
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De Mazière, M., Coosemans, T., Barret, B., Blumenstock, T., Griesfeller, A., Demoulin, P., Fast, H., Griffith, D., Jones, N., Mahieu, E., Mellqvist, J., Mittermeier, R. L., Notholt, Justus, Rinsland, C., Schulz, Astrid, Smale, D., Strandberg, A., Sussmann, R., Wood, S., Buchwitz, M., De Mazière, M., Coosemans, T., Barret, B., Blumenstock, T., Griesfeller, A., Demoulin, P., Fast, H., Griffith, D., Jones, N., Mahieu, E., Mellqvist, J., Mittermeier, R. L., Notholt, Justus, Rinsland, C., Schulz, Astrid, Smale, D., Strandberg, A., Sussmann, R., Wood, S., and Buchwitz, M.
- Published
- 2003
49. Validation of five years (2003–2007) of SCIAMACHY CO total column measurements using ground-based spectrometer observations
- Author
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de Laat, A. T. J., primary, Gloudemans, A. M. S., additional, Schrijver, H., additional, Aben, I., additional, Nagahama, Y., additional, Suzuki, K., additional, Mahieu, E., additional, Jones, N. B., additional, Paton-Walsh, C., additional, Deutscher, N. M., additional, Griffith, D. W. T., additional, De Mazière, M., additional, Mittermeier, R. L., additional, Fast, H., additional, Notholt, J., additional, Palm, M., additional, Hawat, T., additional, Blumenstock, T., additional, Hase, F., additional, Schneider, M., additional, Rinsland, C., additional, Dzhola, A. V., additional, Grechko, E. I., additional, Poberovskii, A. M., additional, Makarova, M. V., additional, Mellqvist, J., additional, Strandberg, A., additional, Sussmann, R., additional, Borsdorff, T., additional, and Rettinger, M., additional
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Supplementary material to "Validation of five years (2003–2007) of SCIAMACHY CO total column measurements using ground-based spectrometer observations"
- Author
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de Laat, A. T. J., primary, Gloudemans, A. M. S., additional, Schrijver, H., additional, Aben, I., additional, Nagahama, Y., additional, Suzuki, K., additional, Mahieu, E., additional, Jones, N. B., additional, Paton-Walsh, C., additional, Deutscher, N. M., additional, Griffith, D. W. T., additional, De Mazière, M., additional, Mittelmeier, R., additional, Fast, H., additional, Notholt, J., additional, Palm, M., additional, Hawat, T., additional, Blumenstock, T., additional, Rinsland, C., additional, Dzhola, A. V., additional, Grechko, E. I., additional, Poberovskii, A. M., additional, Makarova, M. V., additional, Mellqvist, J., additional, Strandberg, A., additional, Sussmann, R., additional, Borsdorff, T., additional, and Rettinger, M., additional
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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