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17. Strategies for Commercializing Scientific Results and Combining Separate Processes Into Complex Technologies

Author

Ruman, Umm E., Zubair, Muhammad, Farid, Mujahid, Summra, Sajjad Hussain, Nazar, Muhammad Faizan, Hanif, Muhammad Asif, Barbosa-Cánovas, Gustavo V., Series Editor, Aguilera, José Miguel, Advisory Editor, Candoğan, Kezban, Advisory Editor, Hartel, Richard W., Advisory Editor, Ibarz, Albert, Advisory Editor, Peleg, Micha, Advisory Editor, Rahman, Shafiur, Advisory Editor, Rao, M. Anandha, Advisory Editor, Roos, Yrjö, Advisory Editor, Welti-Chanes, Jorge, Advisory Editor, and ­Režek ­Jambrak, Anet, editor

Published
2022
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25. Evaluation of heavy metal accumulation and tolerance in oxalic acid-treated Phragmites australis wetlands for textile effluent remediation.

Author

Alghanem, Suliman Mohammed Suliman, Alsudays, Ibtisam Mohammed, Farid, Mujahid, Sarfraz, Wajiha, Ishaq, Hafiz Khuzama, Farid, Sheharyaar, Zubair, Muhammad, Khalid, Noreen, Aslam, Muhammad Arslan, Abbas, Mohsin, and Abeed, Amany H. A.

Abstract

Water contamination with metals poses significant environmental challenges. The occurrence of heavy metals (HMs) prompts modifications in plant structures, emphasizing the necessity of employing focused safeguarding measures. Cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), and chromium (Cr) emerge as particularly menacing toxins due to their high accumulation potential. Increasing the availability of organic acids is crucial for optimizing toxic metal removal via phytoremediation. This constructed wetland system (CWs) was used to determine how oxalic acid (OA) treatments of textile wastewater (WW) effluents affected morpho-physiological characteristics, antioxidant enzyme activity, oxidative stress, and HM concentrations in Phragmites australis. Multiple treatments, comprising the application of OA at a concentration of 10 mM and WW at different dilutions (25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%), were employed, with three replications of each treatment. WW stress decreased chlorophyll and carotenoid content, and concurrently enhanced HMs adsorption and antioxidant enzyme activities. Furthermore, the application of WW was found to elevate oxidative stress levels, whereas the presence of OA concurrently mitigated this oxidative stress. Similarly, WW negatively affected soil-plant analysis development (SPAD) and the total soluble proteins (SP) in both roots and shoots. Conversely, these parameters showed improvement with OA treatments. P. australis showed the potential to enhance HM accumulation under 100% WW stress. Specifically, there is an increase in root SP ranging from 9% to 39%, an increase in shoot SP from 6% to 91%, and an elevation in SPAD values from 4% to 64% compared to their respective treatments lacking OA inclusion. The OA addition resulted in decreased EL contents in the root and shoot by 10%–19% and 13%–15%, MDA by 9%–14% and 9%–20%, and H2O2 by 14%–21% and 9%–17%, in comparison to the respective treatments without OA. Interestingly, the findings further revealed that the augmentation of OA also contributed to an increased accumulation of Cr, Cd, and Pb. Specifically, at 100% WW with OA (10 mM), the concentrations of Cr, Pb, and Cd in leaves rose by 164%, 447%, and 350%, in stems by 213%, 247%, and 219%, and in roots by 155%, 238%, and 195%, respectively. The chelating agent oxalic acid effectively alleviated plant toxicity induced by toxins. Overall, our findings demonstrate the remarkable tolerance of P. australis to elevated concentrations of WW stress, positioning it as an eco-friendly candidate for industrial effluent remediation. This plant exhibits efficacy in restoring contaminants present in textile effluents, and notably, oxalic acid emerges as a promising agent for the phytoextraction of HMs. KEY MESSAGE/HIGHLIGHTS: HMs stress decreased the physiology and morphology of Phragmites australis L. OA improved the photosynthetic pigments and antioxidant enzymes HMs accumulation and bioavailability increased under OA Phragmites australis L. showed higher efficacy for textile effluent treatment under OA NOVELTY: The adoption of ecological or nature-based approaches for treating textile industry wastewater poses significant challenges. Despite laboratory and field demonstrations showcasing the potential of macrophytes for remediating metal-polluted wastewater, this study investigates the Phragmites australis to address heavy metal contamination in wastewater. This research bridges this gap by presenting the outcomes of applying oxalic acid single and in combination with wastewater to Phragmites australis, focusing on the accumulation of cadmium, chromium, and lead from textile wastewater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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31. Fenugreek Oleoresins

Author

Raza, Nighat, primary, Shahbaz, Muhammad, additional, Farid, Mujahid, additional, and Hakim, Adeel, additional

Published
2022
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36. Nanobiodegradation of plastic waste

Author

Baig, Ayesha, primary, Zubair, Muhammad, additional, Zafar, Muhammad Nadeem, additional, Farid, Mujahid, additional, Nazar, Muhammad Faizan, additional, and Sumrra, Sajjad Hussain, additional

Published
2022
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37. List of contributors

Author

Abbas, Sohail, primary, Agnihotri, Shekar, additional, Ahmed, Zaheer, additional, Ali, Ammar, additional, Ali, Muhammad Zargham, additional, Ali, Nisar, additional, Alsamadany, Hameed, additional, Alyamaç, Elif, additional, Anwar, Waqas, additional, Ashraf, Syed Salman, additional, Bagheri, Ahmad Reza, additional, Baig, Ayesha, additional, Bakhsheshi-Rad, Hamid Reza, additional, Bakhtiari, Sabah, additional, Bakhtiari, Sanaz Soleymani Eil, additional, Balan, Leeba, additional, Berto, Filippo, additional, Bharagava, Ram Naresh, additional, Bhatt, Pankaj, additional, Bilal, Muhammad, additional, Chandrasekaran, Sriram, additional, Costa, José Arnaldo Santana, additional, de Assis, Geovânia Cordeiro, additional, de Jesus, Roberta Anjos, additional, de Oliveira, Rodrigo José, additional, Dhiman, Navneet Kaur, additional, Doustkhah, Esmail, additional, Fakhri, Hanieh, additional, Farid, Mujahid, additional, Farzadkia, Mahdi, additional, Ferreira, Luiz Fernando Romanholo, additional, Figueiredo, Renan Tavares, additional, Frank-Kamenetskaya, O.V., additional, Gao, Xiaoyan, additional, Hassan, Adeel Ahmad, additional, Hazafa, Abu, additional, Ijaz, Anam, additional, Iqbal, Hafiz M.N., additional, Ismail, Ahmad Fauzi, additional, Javed, Muhammad Rizwan, additional, Jawahar Nisha, A., additional, Khamova, T.V., additional, Khan, Adnan, additional, Khan, Muhammad Abubaker, additional, Khitab, Anwar, additional, Khoroshavina, Yulia V., additional, Kychkin, Anatoly K., additional, Lavanya, N., additional, Malik, Muhammad Uzair, additional, Malik, Sumeet, additional, Maqbool, Rizwana, additional, Mukherjee, Abhijit, additional, Munir, Hira, additional, Mushtaq, Zahid, additional, Nazar, Muhammad Faizan, additional, Nguyen, Tuan Anh, additional, Nisa, Zaka Un, additional, Paranhos, Caio Marcio, additional, Pedram, Mona Zamani, additional, Qamar, Sarmad Ahmad, additional, Rafeeq, Hamza, additional, Rajendran, Karthikeyan, additional, Ramakrishna, Seeram, additional, Rasheed, Tahir, additional, Rashid, Muhammad Hamid, additional, Rashid, Tazien, additional, Razzaghi, Mahmood, additional, Reddy, M. Sudhakara, additional, Rizwan, Komal, additional, Ryabusheva, Yulia V., additional, Sanker, Jamuna, additional, Seemab, Riffat, additional, Seydibeyoğlu, M. Özgür, additional, Shafi, Sameera, additional, Shah, Syed Zakir Hussain, additional, Shah, Zahid Hussain, additional, Shahzad, Khurram, additional, Sharif, Safian, additional, Sher, Farooq, additional, Shilova, O.A., additional, Shilova, Olga A., additional, Sidhu, Navneet, additional, Singh, N.B., additional, Sokolov, Georgii S., additional, Sumrra, Sajjad Hussain, additional, Tabish, Mohammad, additional, Tahira, Khajista, additional, Tariq, Anam, additional, Tsvetkova, Irina N., additional, Uçar, Nihan, additional, Ul-Abdin, Zain, additional, Vallinayagam, Sugumari, additional, Vlasov, D.Y., additional, Vlasov, Dmitry Yu., additional, Văn Nguyên, Chi, additional, Yang, Yong, additional, Yarmohammadi, Masoud, additional, Yasin, Ghulam, additional, Zafar, Fatima, additional, Zafar, Muhammad Nadeem, additional, Zarin, Ayesha, additional, Zelenskaya, M.S., additional, Zhao, Jingmao, additional, and Zubair, Muhammad, additional

Published
2022
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43. Contributors

Author

Abbasi, Waleed Mumtaz, primary, Ali, Farman, additional, Ali, Nisar, additional, Ali, Shafaqat, additional, Al-Sehemi, Abdullah G., additional, Amen, Rabia, additional, Athar, Tabinda, additional, Ayub, Asma, additional, Ayub, Muhammad Ashar, additional, Azhar, Muhammad, additional, Babar, Muhammad, additional, Baig, Ayesha, additional, Batool, Maria, additional, Batool, Saira, additional, Bilal, Muhammad, additional, Bustam, Muhammad Azmi, additional, Farid, Mujahid, additional, Farooqi, Zia Ur Rahman, additional, Fatima, Hina, additional, Hussain, Muhammad Mahroz, additional, Iftikhar, Irfan, additional, Ilic, Predrag, additional, Iqbal, Hafiz M.N., additional, Iqbal, Shazia, additional, Khan, Adnan, additional, Khan, Hamayun, additional, Khan, Hassnain Abbas, additional, Mehdi, Syed Ejaz Hussain, additional, Mukhtar, Ahmad, additional, Nadeem, Muhammad, additional, Nazar, Muhammad Faizan, additional, Nisar, Madiha, additional, Qadeer, Abdul, additional, Razzaq, Bakhtawar, additional, Riaz, Umair, additional, Rizwan, M., additional, Sagir, Muhammad, additional, Samreen, Tayyaba, additional, Saqib, Sidra, additional, Shafiq, Falak, additional, Shahzad, Laila, additional, Shoukat, Aleena, additional, Siddiqui, Ayesha, additional, Sohail, Muhammad Irfan, additional, Tahir, Muhammad Bilal, additional, Ullah, Sami, additional, Umar, Wajid, additional, ur Rahman, Muneeb, additional, Waris, Aisha A., additional, Zeeshan, Nukshab, additional, Zia ur Rehman, Muhammad, additional, and Zubair, Muhammad, additional

Published
2021
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49. Evaluating the Gelling Properties of Red Kidney Beans Protein Isolates with Different Gums: Gelling Properties of Red Kidney Beans Protein Isolates

Author

Raza, Nighat, Hakim, Adeel, Shahbaz, Muhammad, Farid, Mujahid, Raza, Nighat, Hakim, Adeel, Shahbaz, Muhammad, and Farid, Mujahid

Abstract

Due to the higher consumption, increased demand of animal based hydrocolloids and problems associated with animal based hydrocolloids are religious beliefs and mad cow disease, researchers are looking for alternative sources of hydrocolloids like marine and plant based hydrocolloids. Objective: To evaluate the gelling properties of red kidney beans protein isolates with different gums. Methods: The gelling powder developed with red kidney bean protein (KPI)-carrageenan (CG) and protein-xanthan (XG) gum with six different concentrations. Results: Added protein increased the plasticity of the gel and showed a higher blooms strength and hardness in all treatments except T1. KPI-CG gel had bloom strength values 198.67 ±1.53g, 249.67 ±1.53g and 282.33 ±1.56g and respectively KPI-XG gel bloom strength values were 170.33 ±1.6g, 232.67 ±2.08g and 256.67 ±2.52g; while hardness of KPI-CG gel shows 23.5 ±0.5N, 37 ±1N, 42.33 ±1.54N and 22 ±1N, 34 ±1N, 40 ±1N of KPI-XG gel respectively. The lower Gˈˈ values than Gˈ indicate that there is gelling ability in all the concentrations. Added carrageenan-protein gelling agent with maximum gum concentration showed the highest gel strength of 1629.99±16.12 pa which is double the amount of KPI-XG gel elasticity 878.043±8.08 pa. Conclusions: These results indicate that the KPI-CG mixed gel has a better gelling strength. The outcomes of this work will be used to provide the groundwork for developing a novel designed plant protein-based gel system and the use of gel in yoghurt, which might increase functionality over protein or gums alone and replace the animal-based gelling component.

Published
2023

50. Synergistic impact of two autochthonous saprobic fungi (A. niger and T. pseudokoningii) on the growth, ionic contents, and metals uptake in Brassica juncea L. and Vigna radiata L. under tannery solid waste contaminated soil.

Author

Nazir, Aisha, Sarfraz, Wajiha, Allah, Ditta, Khalid, Noreen, Farid, Mujahid, Shafiq, Muhammad, Bareen, Firdaus-e-, Rizvi, Zarrin Fatima, and Naeem, Nayab

Subjects
BRASSICA juncea, MUNG bean, SOLID waste, TANNERY waste disposal, PLANT defenses, COPPER
Abstract

Unrestricted disposal of tannery solid waste (TSW) into agricultural soils has resulted in the contamination of heavy metals (HMs) such as chromium (Cr) cadmium (Cd), Copper (Cu), and Zinc (Zn) along with the severe potential to degrade the environmental quality around the world. In the present study, a combined phyto- and myco-remediation strategy was evaluated to enhance the growth, ionic contents, and phytoextraction potential of Brassica juncea and Vigna radiata for HMs from TSW-contaminated soil. A pot experiment was conducted in the greenhouse using single or combined inoculation of Trichoderma pseudokoningii (Tp) and Aspergillus niger (An) in B. juncea and V. radiata under TSW-contaminated soil at different doses (0, 50, and 100%). The results showed that the growth parameters of both B. juncea and V. radiata were severely affected under 50 and 100% TSW treatment. The combined inoculation of both the fungal species ameliorated the positive impacts of 50 and 100% TSW application on growth and ionic contents accumulation in B. juncea and V. radiata. The combined application of An + Tp at 100% TSW enhanced the shoot length (87.8, 157.2%), root length (123.9, 120.6%), number of leaves (184.2, 175.0%), number of roots (104.7, 438.9%), and dry weight (179.4, 144.8%) of B. juncea and V. radiata, respectively as compared to control with any fungal treatment at 100% TSW. A single application of An at different doses of TSW enhanced the metal concentration in B. juncea, whereas Tp increased the concentration of the metals in V. radiata. The concentration of Cr in roots (196.2, 263.8%), shoots (342.4, 182.2%), Cu in roots (187.6, 137.0%), shoots (26.6, 76.0%), Cd in roots (245.2, 184.6%), shoots (142.1, 73.4%), Zn in roots (73.4, 57.5%), shoots (62.9, 57.6%), in B. juncea were increased by the application of An at 50 and 100% treatment levels of TSW, respectively compared to control (C). Moreover, the HMs (Cr, Cu, Cd, and Zn) uptake was also improved under 50 and 100% TSW with the combined inoculation of Tp + An in both B. juncea and V. radiata. In conclusion, the combined inoculation of Tp + An was more effective in metal removal from TSW-treated soil. Limited studies have been conducted on filamentous fungi systematically under metal-contaminated sites for their diversity, metal tolerance, and their potential in enhancing the phytoremediation potential of different crop plants. In the present study, single and/or combined inoculation of fungal strains was found effective in alleviating different metals stress in tannery solid waste contaminated soil by improving defense mechanisms and plant growth due to the association between fungal strains and plants. The combined application of both fungal strains had an additive effect in enhancing the bioaccumulation capacity of B. juncea and V. radiata compared to their single inoculation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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