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In this study, we aimed at validating a rotary cell culture system (RCCS) bioreactor with medium recirculation and external oxygenation, for cartilage tissue engineering. Primary bovine and human culture-expanded chondrocytes were seeded into non-woven meshes of esterified hyaluronan (HYAFF®-11), and the resulting constructs were cultured statically or in the RCCS, in the presence of insulin and TGFβ3, for up to 4 weeks. Culture in the RCCS did not induce significant differences in the contents of glycosaminoglycans (GAG) and collagen deposited, but markedly affected their distribution. In contrast to statically grown tissues, engineered cartilage cultured in the RCCS had a bi-zonal structure, consisting of an outgrowing fibrous capsule deficient in GAG and rich in collagen, and an inner region more positively stained for GAG. Structurally, trends were similar using primary bovine or expanded human chondrocytes, although the human cells deposited inferior amounts of matrix. The use of the presented RCCS, in conjunction with the described medium composition, has the potential to generate bi-zonal tissues with features qualitatively resembling the native meniscus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses bone and cartilage tissue engineering for facial reconstructive surgery. Innovative methods in facial reconstructive surgery are being combined with the principles of plastic surgery. Mechanically competent cartilage grafts and osteoinductive constructs vascularized by flaps are predicted to replace autologous or allopastic materials for surgery.

Background: As seroma formation is a common donor site complication following autologous breast reconstruction, we adapted the surgical protocol by introducing progressive tension sutures (PTS). This study aimed to evaluate the influence of PTS at the donor site in autologous breast reconstruction on seroma formation. Additionally, an exploratory analysis on patient satisfaction and aesthetic outcome was performed., Methods: This retrospective cohort study analyzed data of 400 patients who received autologous breast reconstruction between 2018 and 2022. Among them, 204 patients received traditional donor site closure, and 188 patients received PTS with or without drain placement. Proportional incidence of seroma was described and multivariable logistic regression was used to assess the risk factors for seroma formation. At the deep inferior epigastric artery perforator donor site, patient satisfaction was further explored by administering the BREAST-Q and the aesthetic outcome was graded by three blinded participants., Results: Overall, 514 breast reconstructions were performed on 400 patients. The incidence of seroma formation was lower in the PTS group compared with that in the traditional closure group. Multivariable analysis showed that patients who received PTS were 40% less likely to develop seroma. Aesthetic outcome was considered more pleasing objectively and subjectively if PTS were performed. Regarding patient satisfaction, no difference was found in the post-operative physical well-being between the two groups., Conclusions: In this large cohort, we found reduced incidence of seroma when PTS were performed. PTS were also associated with reduced odds of seroma formation and were described to be aesthetically more pleasing. PTS should be considered in autologous breast reconstruction., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)

Background: A sufficiently high blood pressure (BP) is essential for flap perfusion after microsurgical breast reconstruction. However, postoperative hypotension is common after these procedures. Perioperative volume overload may increase flap-related complications, and postoperative vasopressor use may be limited depending on institutions. Red Bull has been shown to increase BP in several studies. We aimed to evaluate the effect of Red Bull on perfusion-related variables after microsurgical breast reconstruction., Methods: We conducted a multicenter, prospective, randomized controlled trial. Female patients undergoing unilateral microsurgical breast reconstruction from June 2020 to October 2022 were randomly assigned to the intervention or control groups. The intervention group received 250 ml of Red Bull 2 h after surgery and twice on postoperative day (POD) 1. The control group received 250 ml still water at the respective intervals. BP was measured using a 24-hour monitoring device. Vasopressor use, fluid balance, and flap outcomes were compared., Results: One hundred patients were included in the study. Both groups were comparable concerning age, body mass index, and caffeine consumption. Mean arterial and diastolic BP were significantly higher in the Red Bull group after the second drink in the morning of POD1 (p-value = 0.03 and 0.03, respectively). Vasopressor use was similar, with a tendency for less postoperative etilefrine in the Red Bull group (p-value = 0.08). No flap loss was observed., Conclusions: We observed increased mean arterial and diastolic BP in the Red Bull group after the second drink. Red Bull may be a useful adjunct after microsurgical breast reconstruction., Level of Evidence: I, therapeutic., (Copyright © 2024 British Association of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgeons. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Introduction: Radiotherapy is a crucial component of treatment for ∼70% of all cancer patients. The identification of effective biomarkers of radiosensitivity (RS) is a fundamental goal of radiobiology. The authors hypothesize that the RS of human normal and tumoral cells is correlated by the level of expression of TRIM29, TRIM37, TRIM44, and β-catenin genes. Materials and Methods: Clonogenic assay was performed and RS of four cell lines was determined by survival fraction at 2 Gy. To determine the level of gene expression 6 and 24 h after irradiation, RNA was extracted from each cell line, and expression of the above-mentioned genes in cell lines with different RS was determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results: The clonogenic assay showed that human dermal fibroblasts (fibroblast) and HT-29 (colorectal) cells are radioresistant, while human foreskin fibroblasts (fibroblast) and QU-DB (lung) cells are radiosensitive. Analysis of the real-time PCR data, 6 h after irradiation, showed that the increase and decrease of the expression of TRIM29 and TRIM37 genes were directly correlated with the RS of normal and tumor cells. At 24 h postirradiation, a considerable difference was only observed in the expression of the β-catenin gene. Conclusion: This study showed that the TRIM29 and TRIM37 genes are involved in the cell response to radiation and proposed that these genes may be biomarkers for predicting RS in normal and tumoral cell lines.

The popularity of breast augmentation has seen a decrease in number in the recent years. Simultaneously, the request for breast implant removal has increased impressively. A total of 77 women undergoing breast implant removal with no exchange were divided into four groups depending on the type of "reverse surgery" following the explantation: simple implant removal, implant removal with lipofilling, implant removal with mastopexy, and implant removal with mastopexy and lipofilling. Following this, an algorithm was created to standardize the ideal "reverse" surgery. After surgery, all the patients were followed for at least 6 months to understand their level of satisfaction regarding the outcome of the surgery. The majority of patients were highly satisfied after explantation. Implant-related issues were found to be the main cause for explantation surgery. Capsulectomy was performed in the minority of cases, as the capsule was found to be an ideal layer for fat grafting. Grouping the patients into 4 categories allowed us to investigate a pattern behind the decision to undergo a certain type of secondary procedure and to create an algorithm with general rules that can be used as a guide for surgeons. The increased demand for this type of surgery underlines a new interesting trend in plastic surgery that, together with Breast Implant-Associated Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma advent, will probably have implications on the communication between surgeons and patients and most likely on the choice of choosing different ways of breast volume augmentation., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest None declared., (Copyright © 2023. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)

More than 40 years have passed since the description of the first "free abdominoplasty flap" for breast reconstruction by Holmström. In the meantime, surgical advances and technological innovations have resulted in the widespread adoption of autologous breast reconstruction to recreate the female breast after mastectomy. While concepts and techniques are continuing to evolve, maintaining an overview is challenging. This article provides a review of current trends and recent innovations in autologous breast reconstruction., Competing Interests: Conflict of Interest N.E.S. and V.G. declare that they have no conflict of interest. J.F. is an editorial board member of the journal but was not involved in the peer reviewer selection, evaluation, or decision process of this article., (The Author(s). This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, permitting unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction so long as the original work is properly cited. ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ ).)

Background: Maintaining a sufficiently high systolic blood pressure is essential for free flap perfusion after microsurgical breast reconstruction. Yet, many women undergoing these procedures have low postoperative systolic blood pressure. Intravenous volume administration or vasopressors may be needed to maintain systolic blood pressure above a predefined threshold. However, excessive volume administration may lead to volume overload and flap stasis, and the postoperative use of vasopressors may be limited depending on institutional standards. Additional nonpharmacological measures to raise blood pressure might be beneficial. Evidence suggests that the Red Bull energy drink could raise blood pressure. It has been shown to increase systolic and diastolic blood pressure in healthy volunteers and athletes., Objective: The primary objective of this study is to determine the difference in systolic blood pressure between an intervention group receiving Red Bull and a control group receiving still water after microsurgical breast reconstruction. Secondary objectives include postoperative heart rate, 24-hour fluid balance, pain level, or necessity for revision surgery due to flap complications., Methods: The Red Bull study is a prospective, multicenter randomized controlled trial comparing the effect of postoperative ingestion of Red Bull energy drink against still water in female patients undergoing unilateral microsurgical breast reconstruction. A total of 250 mL of Red Bull (intervention group) or 250 mL of still water (control group) will be administered to the study participants 2 hours postoperatively as well as for breakfast and lunch on postoperative day 1, amounting to a total volume of 750 mL per 24 hours. Female patients between 18 and 70 years of age undergoing unilateral microsurgical breast reconstruction will be included. Exclusion criteria are a history of arterial hypertension, cardiac rhythm disorder, diabetes mellitus, gastric or duodenal ulcer, thyroid disease, and current use of antihypertensive or antiarrhythmic drugs or thyroid hormones, as well as intolerance to Red Bull., Results: Recruitment for the study started in June 2020 and was completed in December 2022. There is evidence that the Red Bull energy drink increases blood pressure in healthy volunteers and athletes. We hypothesize that postoperative ingestion of Red Bull will increase systolic blood pressure in women after microsurgical breast reconstruction. Red Bull could hence be used as a nonpharmacological adjunct to vasopressors or volume administration in women with hypotensive blood pressure after microsurgical breast reconstruction., Conclusions: This paper describes the Red Bull study trial protocol and analysis plan. The information will increase the transparency of the data analysis for the Red Bull study., Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04397419; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04397419., International Registered Report Identifier (irrid): DERR1-10.2196/38487., (©Nicole Edith Speck, Michal Michalak, Kathrin Dreier, Doris Babst, Alessia Marisa Lardi, Jian Farhadi. Originally published in JMIR Research Protocols (https://www.researchprotocols.org), 09.05.2023.)

Controllable accumulation of carbon nanotubes in self-assembly techniques is of critical importance in smart patterning and printed electronics. This study investigates how inclining the substrate and inhibiting the droplet spreading by sharp solid edges can affect the droplet contact angle and pinning time to improve the electrical conductivity and uniformity of the deposited patterns. Rectangular and circular pedestals were employed to investigate the effect of geometry on the deposition characteristics and to incorporate the gravitational effect by varying the substrate inclination angle. The results indicate that confining the droplet contact line to remain pinned to the pedestal edge can significantly alter the width, uniformity, and precision of the deposited patterns. These improvements correspond to the enhancement of the droplet pinning time (due to the edge effect) and to the further increase of the local evaporation rate near the contact line (due to the droplet elevation). By conducting experiments on different rectangular pedestals with varying solid-liquid interfacial areas and comparing their deposition characteristics, a rectangular pedestal with specific dimensions is selected in terms of pattern consistency and material usage efficiency. It is also shown that higher inclination angles further increase the deposited line accumulation density. Combining confinement and inclination techniques yields promising deposited patterns with high consistency and low resistivity, ranging from 8.75 kΩ mm -1 to a minimum of 0.63 kΩ mm -1 for a 3 × 6 mm 2 rectangular pedestal.