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Lymph node metastasis commonly occurs in gastric cancer. Previous studies have demonstrated that the overexpression of lymphatic microvessel density (LVD) is correlated with various malignancies. To evaluate the potential role of LVD in various malignancies, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to thoroughly investigate the association of LVD expression with tumor progression and survival in gastric cancer. We performed a comprehensive search of common databases and selected studies demonstrating the relationship between LVD expression and gastric cancer prognosis. Hazard ratios (HR) were used to determine the value of LVD for predicting gastric cancer metastasis and prognosis. The data were extracted from the included studies and pooled with the appropriate effects model using STATA 12.0. The results showed that high LVD expression obviously impacted the prognosis of gastric cancer, based on an overall survival (OS) HR of 2.58 (95% CI: 1.91-3.48, P < 0.001) and a disease-free survival (DFS) HR of 2.51 (95% CI: 1.35-4.68, P = 0.004) in the univariate analysis. In addition, the results of the multivariate analysis indicated a remarkable relationship between high LVD expression and gastric neoplasm prognosis. The pooled OS HR was 4.12 (95% CI: 3.45-4.91, P < 0.001). The current meta-analysis shows that high LVD is closely related to tumor metastasis and poor prognosis in gastric malignancy. LVD could be a key factor in tumor lymphatic metastasis. Moreover, LVD is likely a potential index and an effective biomarker for the prediction of patient prognosis.

Ki-67 is considered as one of prime biomarkers to reflect cell proliferation and immunohistochemical Ki-67 staining has been widely applied in clinical pathology. To solve the widespread controversy whether Ki-67 reactivity significantly predicts clinical prognosis of bladder carcinoma (BC), we performed a comprehensive meta-analysis by combining results from different literature. A comprehensive search was conducted in the Chinese databases of WanFang, China National Knowledge Infrastructure and Chinese VIP as well as English databases of PubMed, ISI web of science, EMBASE, Science Direct, and Wiley online library. Independent studies linking Ki-67 to cancer-specific survival (CSS), disease-free survival (DFS), overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and recurrence-free survival (RFS) were included in our meta-analysis. With the cut-off values literature provided, hazard ratio (HR) values between the survival distributions were extracted and later combined with STATA 12.0. In total, 76 studies (n = 13,053 patients) were eligible for the meta-analysis. It was indicated in either univariate or multivariate analysis for survival that high Ki-67 reactivity significantly predicted poor prognosis. In the univariate analysis, the combined HR for CSS, DFS, OS, PFS, and RFS were 2.588 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.623–4.127, P

The object of this work is to evaluate the optimal process of stickies removal on steam-explosion pulping from recovered paper. OCC (Old Corrugated Container), offset paper and coated art paper are presented for steam-explosion treatment. The parameters tested by single-factor tests are: liquor, explosion pressure, heat preservation time, and the charge of sodium hydrate and sodium silicate. The criterion used to characterize the stickies removal efficiency is the consistence of macrostickies and DCS in pulp after treatment. The compositional analysis are achieved the optimal explosion conditions. The use of steam explosion would be desirable in dealing with recovered paper.

Two hundred isolates ofBotrytis cinerea were collected from greenhouse vegetables between 2003 and 2006 to determine their baseline sensitivity to triadimefone, penconazole, tebuconazole and fenhexamid. Mean values of 50% effective concentrations (EC50) of inhibiting growth were 4.853±5.102, 0.41±0.215, 0.19±0.099 and 0.36±0.891 mgl −1, respectively (mean±SD). Individuals ofB. cinerea in the population differed by a factor (EC50 of the least sensitive isolate/EC50 of the most sensitive isolate) of 6625, 20, 603 and 1800, respectively. Naturally fenhexamid-resistant isolates were detected with an unexpected high frequency of 10% although the pathogen population had never been exposed to this fungicide. The resistance level (mean EC50 of resistant isolates / mean EC50 of sensitive isolates) was 19.5. These naturally resistant isolates also were resistantin vivo, and there was no significant difference in growth rate, conidial production or pathogenicity ability between naturally resistant and wild sensitive isolates. These results indicated that there was a potential risk of practical resistance if fenhexamid was applied alone. Negative cross-resistance was observed between fenhexamid and tebuconazole in 90% of the naturally resistant isolates. Moreover, an obvious synergism of the antifungal activity of fenhexamid by tebuconazole was demonstrated in some of the naturally fenhexamid-resistant isolates.