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Summary Pine wilt disease (PWD), caused by the pine wood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, is an international quarantine forest disease that damages pine forests over extensive areas and causes massive economic losses. To provide valuable guidelines on screening pesticides against B. xylophilus and the selection of common solvents, we investigated the effects of different concentrations of emamectin benzoate, matrine and four solvents (methanol, ethanol, acetone and dimethyl sulfoxide) on the mortality and locomotor behaviour of B. xylophilus. Emamectin abamectin has nematicidal activity and mitigates locomotor activity of B. xylophilus at a low concentration. The LC50 of emamectin benzoate was 0.0354 mg l−1 at 72 h. Bursaphelenchus xylophilus mortality following exposure to matrine was low; however, nematode locomotor activity decreased by 62.5% following exposure to 500 mg l−1 matrine for 8 h. Additionally, B. xylophilus locomotor activity decreased significantly following exposure to 5 and 10% methanol, ethanol, acetone and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) when compared with that of the water control. Emamectin benzoate and matrine, and high concentrations of four solvents (methanol, ethanol, acetone, and DMSO) inhibit B. xylophilus movement, which, in turn, could affect nematode infectivity. Moreover, low concentrations of non-lethal doses of emamectin benzoate should be considered for application in the control of nematodes, with matrine being an environmentally friendly and potentially nematicidal agent.

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) secrete various cytokines with angiogenic and neuroprotective effects. This study aimed to assess the effects of human umbilical cord Wharton's jelly-derived MSCs (hWJ-MSCs) on diabetes-related intracavernosal pressure (ICP) impairment in rats. hWJ-MSCs were isolated from human umbilical cord Wharton's jelly and transplanted into the corpus cavernosum of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats by unilateral injection. The erectile function was evaluated at 4 weeks, as well as the expression levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1). STZ-induced diabetic rats showed impaired ICP, which was significantly improved by hWJ-MSC treatment. VEGF, eNOS, IGF1, and bFGF expression levels were higher in hWJ-MSC injection sites than those in control ones in STZ-induced diabetic rats. These results suggest that hWJ-MSC transplantation might improve diabetic erectile dysfunction through increased production of paracrine growth factors, highlighting a novel potential therapeutic option for erectile dysfunction.

Cereal cyst nematode (Heterodera avenae) diapause is induced by high temperatures and is broken by low temperatures. In this study, metabolic responses were monitored in diapause and non-diapause H. avenae during exposure to 4°C for 10 weeks. The results showed that there was no difference in total carbohydrate content. The content of glycogen and glycerol at 0 week was relatively high but decreased with increased storage time at 4°C. The content of trehalose of the nematode at 10 weeks was significant lower than that at 5 weeks at 4°C. Protein content increased significantly after incubation for 5 and 10 weeks. Esterase and trehalase activity increased with the increasing period at 4°C and showed a significant difference between treatments for esterase activity but there was no significant difference between 5 and 10 weeks for trehalase activity. The SDS-PAGE pattern indicated that a 15.5 kDa protein was absent at 10 weeks and present at 0 and 5 weeks. Esterase isoenzyme patterns of H. avenae showed that at 10 weeks there were four bands: EST 0.21, EST 0.24, EST 0.30 and EST 0.34 (Rf values). EST 0.24 was the common band in the three treatments. Biochemical tests were conducted to correlate with hatching experiments using the same treatments. 2-DE patterns of H. avenae showed that diapause and non-diapause nematodes had 409 and 412 protein spots, respectively, and 19 protein spots were unique: 11 distinct proteins in non-diapause and eight distinct proteins in diapause. This information could be helpful in understanding the diapause mechanism of the cereal cyst nematode.

Stray light can directly influence the imaging quality and detection ability of space based detection system, and the stray light suppression of earth radiation is a key question needed to be considered by on-orbit detection system. First the basic principle and the mathematical model of stray light were analyzed here, then by using simulation analysis the requirements of stray light suppression under different imaging situations were obtained, this could be supportable for the design of space-based detection system.

To investigate the in-depth mechanism of turbulence control and drag reduction in a channel flow by using a spatially oscillating Lorentz force, the pseudo-spectral method based on standard Fourier–Chebyshev spectral method is used to solve N-S equations. The characteristics of controlled flow fields and vortex structures are described as well as the mechanism of the flow field control. The result shows that the near-wall flow structure is altered substantially and the turbulence drag decreases sharply under the action of the distributed Lorentz force with proper control parameters, the boundary-layer fluid are reciprocating periodic moving, and the vortex generation is impacted, and that only periodically well-organized streamwise vortexes are observed in the near-wall region of the turbulent channel flow.

Deep soil is a major organic carbon pool in terrestrial ecosystems. Labile carbon inputs can stimulate soil organic carbon (SOC) mineralization, causing priming effect, which in turn affects soil carbon emission. However, the mechanism of the priming effect in deep soil is still unclear. Therefore, to know how deep soil responds to labile carbon addition is essential for better understanding of deep soil carbon dynamics. In this study, we incubated three profiled soils (0-10 cm, 10-30 cm, 30-60 cm) from a subtropical forest with在陆地生态系统中,深层土壤是重要的有机碳库.外源碳输入可改变土壤有机碳(SOC)矿化速率(激发效应),进而影响土壤碳排放.然而深层土壤对外源碳输入的响应程度和方向如何还不清楚,引起激发效应的机理尚不明确.本文利用

The tensile strength, elognation and microstructure of alloy are respectively tested and observed after annealing treatment. The results show that the working rate the larger, the initial recrystallization temperature the lesser. The proper middle annealing process of Cu-Ag alloy with 80% deformation is 405°C×5h.

The tensile strength, elongation and microstructure of alloy are respectively tested and observed after annealing treatment. The results show that the working rate the larger, the initial recrystallization temperature the lesser. The proper middle annealing process of HSn88-1 alloy with 80% deformation is 460°C×5h.

Concrete pavement joints are an important part of the cement concrete pavement, and joints are the weak link of the concrete pavement. It is also one of the main causes of early diseases and failure of cement concrete pavement. This paper summarizes the outcome of the predecessors, introduces the research status of the joints, and analysis the joint destruction and its cause from the point of view of the stress.

The corrosion properties of Mg-Al-Sr alloy was characterized with comparison to AZ91D alloy. With the addition of Mg-Sr master alloy, the grain size of Mg alloy refined and the corrosion resistance was improved. The experimental results indicated that the formation of small amount of Al4Sr phase was favorable to improve the corrosion resistance. However, with the increase of Al4Sr stripy phase, the area ratio of cathode to anode will increase, resulting in the decrease of corrosion resistance potential.

Mg-Sr alloy was prepared by the vacuum synchronous reduction method at a temperature of 1100°C. The phase composition of the reaction product and slag was analyzed by XRD. Results showed that Mg17Sr2 and α-Mg were formed in the product while Ca2SiO4 and Sr2SiO4 existed in the slag. DSC-TG curves obtained from thermal analysis of the reduction process indicated that vacuum was an essential condition in the preparation of Mg-Sr alloy by synchronous thermal reduction method when temperature was below 1200°C.

To evaluate the therapeutic effects of a left ventricular assist device (LVAD) on pump failure caused by acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in dogs.The pump failure caused by AMI was established in 18 dogs, 9 of them were treated with a LVAD that could expel the autoblood from the left ventricle into the aorta and named the experimental group, and the rest of them were treated with intravenous infusion and served as the control group. The changes of arrhythmia, mortality, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP), left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP), peripheral artery pressure and the diameter of left ventricular chamber were observed.The ratio of ventricular extrasystole and the mortality resulted from ventricular fibrillation of the experimental group were lower than that of the control group. The systolic blood pressure of peripheral artery of the control group was significantly lower (100 mmHg) than that of the experimental group (100 mmHg, P0.01). The PCWP and LVEDP of the experimental group during all the stages 45 minutes after the procedures were significantly lower than that of the control group (P0.01). The left ventricular end-diastolic diameter of the control group was larger than that of the experimental groups (P0.01).To assist circulation by expelling autoblood from left ventricle into aorta in dogs with AMI could reduce the frequency of ventricular fibrillation, improve hemodynamics, and prevent the enlargement of left ventricle. Therefore, it could play an important role in assisting the left ventricular functions.

To evaluate the clinical effect of the holmium laser enucleation and morcellation of prostate (HoLEP) in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH).In the treatment of 35 BPH patients, 100 watt high-powered holmium laser set was used transurethrally and a reciprocating blade tissue morcellator was introduced via a nephroscope to enucleate and morcellate the prostatic tissue.Operations in all 35 cases were successful. The average operation time was 60 +/- 23.2 (range 30-180) min. The removed prostatic tissue weighed 31 +/- 9 (range 10-56) g on average. The average catheter time was 1.5 d (from 20 h to 4 d). No blood transfusion was performed in all cases. Histopathological analysis confirmed the diagnosis of BPH in all cases. In the 3-month follow up of 32 cases, IPSS dropped from 24 +/- 6.2 to 5.6 +/- 3.6; the peak urinary flow rate(Qmax) went up from 8.5 +/- 3.9 ml/s to 22.0 +/- 7.2 ml/s; the residual volume of urine dropped from 138 +/- 125 ml to 21 +/- 15 ml. No serious complications were found.HoLEP is effective in treating BPH. It can completely enucleate the hyperplastic tissue with little bleeding in operation. The treatment has the advantages of short catheter time and significant clinical improvements.