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Introduction: Pulp necrosis in immature teeth and the resulting periodontal apical inflammation negatively affect root formation. Resolvin E1 (RvE1) is a lipid-derived endogenous pro-resolution molecule that controls inflammation. The aim of this investigation was to evaluate the impact of RvE1 applied as an intracanal medication on root formation in nonvital immature teeth., Methods: To arrest root development, pulpectomy was performed in the lower first molars of 4-week-old Wistar rats. After 3 weeks, irrigation with 2.5% sodium hypochlorite and 0.9% sterile saline was performed, and either a triple antibiotic paste (TAP) or RvE1 in saline was applied into the root canals. In the control group, access openings drilled into molars were left exposed to the oral environment. Root development and periapical repair were evaluated radiographically and histologically at 3 and 6 weeks after treatment., Results: RvE1 reduced periapical lesion size compared with the control at 3 weeks, which was similar to TAP. Inflammatory response in the RvE1-treated group was markedly reduced compared with both TAP and control specimens. At 6 weeks, root development was observed in both groups, but RvE1 treatment produced less cellularity with more regular calcified tissue deposition., Conclusions: RvE1 and TAP had a positive impact on reducing inflammation and promoting root formation. RvE1 was more effective in reducing inflammation at earlier stages. RvE1 has potential to be used as root canal dressing to control inflammation in endodontically compromised teeth before complete root formation. Stability of RvE1 within the root canal and its delivery are issues to be addressed before its clinical use., (Copyright © 2014 American Association of Endodontists. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Introduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate the enamel matrix derivative (EMD) biomaterial in nonvital immature teeth., Methods: To arrest root development, pulpectomies were performed in the lower first molars of 36 4-week-old rats; the cavities were left exposed to the oral environment for 3 weeks. Then, chemical disinfection was performed, and triple antibiotic paste (TAP) or EMD was applied in the root canals. A control group did not receive any treatment. Radiographic and histological data were evaluated after 3 and 6 weeks., Results: At 3 weeks, TAP promoted a milder inflammatory response and increased root lengths compared with the control group. At 6 weeks, root development and reduced periapical lesions could be observed in both test groups, mainly because of the deposition of a cementum-like tissue. EMD promoted narrower canals compared with TAP (P < .05)., Conclusions: EMD deserves attention as a potential tool in the treatment of nonvital immature teeth. The ingrowth of cementum-like tissues into canal spaces favored dental wall thickness and may contribute to tooth resistance and support., (Copyright © 2012 American Association of Endodontists. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Introduction: The present study aimed at developing an experimental model in rat molars for evaluating treatment strategies in necrotic immature teeth., Methods: To define the periods to be adopted in the experimental procedures and to confirm induction of periapical lesions and interruption of root embryogenesis, the left lower first molars of 4-weeks-old Wistar rats underwent pulpectomy and were left open to the oral environment. Comparisons with the right lower first molars (vital teeth) were performed in animals with ages of 7, 10, 13, and 16 weeks. In another group of animals the teeth were left open for 3 weeks, and then interventions for disinfection including the use of an antibiotic paste were carried out. Root formation was then assessed after 3 and 6 weeks on the basis of radiographic and histologic evaluation., Results: Vital teeth showed increase of root length and hard tissue thickness throughout the experimental periods. On the other hand, induction of necrosis arrested root formation. Teeth subjected to disinfection with sodium hypochlorite associated with the triple antibiotic paste showed significant reduction of periapical lesions, gain in root length, and increased wall thickness compared with the control (P < .05)., Conclusions: The root canal disinfection protocol used was able to reduce periapical lesion size and improve root development. The experimental model presented should contribute to studies that aim at improving therapeutic strategies for necrotic immature teeth by using a rat model., (Copyright © 2011 American Association of Endodontists. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)