Search

Many scholars and practitioners in the sphere of the public education and upbringing in Russia addressed themselves to the philosophical-pedagogical ideas of German philosopher of Neo- Kantian movement Paul Natorp. These ideas were formulated mainly in his fundamental work “Social Pedagogy”. Vladimir Dinze relies on Natorp’s thesis of the national school as the way of accustoming “the all people to the national culture”, actualizes the heritage of Russian and Western pedagogues and philosophers and formulates newly the problem of the national upbringing that is after hundred years in tune with the times as before. The papers of Dinze himself and the translation of Natorp’s “Social Pedagogy” which was organized by him turned out to be the catalysts in the debates on the national education and upbringing. The debates took place in Russian in 1913— 1916, and the outstanding philosophers and pedagogues like M. Rubinstein, P. Blonskiy, V. Soroka- Rosinskiy, S. Zolotarev, P. Devin, S. Rusova and others participated in these debates. As result there worked out the principles of the general and equally accessible national education for all social groups and the harmonious and humane patriotic upbringing, which had to be open to the best achievements of the world culture. The letters of Russian scholars V. Dinze and A. Grombach to P. Natorp and one letter of Natorp to Dinze will be published as a supplement to the article. These letters show not only the process of the translation of “Social Pedagogy” into Russian, but also disclose the peculiarities of the organization of translations of the contemporary scientific literature in Russia at the beginning of the 20th century. They were the personal initiative, enthusiasm, the responsibility before the future reader, the scope and intensity of the translators’ and publishers’ activity and the constant lack of adequate financing of this activity.

Many scholars and practitioners in the sphere of the public education and upbringing in Russia addressed themselves to the philosophical-pedagogical ideas of German philosopher of Neo- Kantian movement Paul Natorp. These ideas were formulated mainly in his fundamental work “Social Pedagogy”. Vladimir Dinze relies on Natorp’s thesis of the national school as the way of accustoming “the all people to the national culture”, actualizes the heritage of Russian and Western pedagogues and philosophers and formulates newly the problem of the national upbringing that is after hundred years in tune with the times as before. The papers of Dinze himself and the translation of Natorp’s “Social Pedagogy” which was organized by him turned out to be the catalysts in the debates on the national education and upbringing. The debates took place in Russian in 1913—1916, and the outstanding philosophers and pedagogues like M. Rubinstein, P. Blonskiy, V. Soroka-Rosinskiy, S. Zolotarev, P. Devin, S. Rusova and others participated in these debates. As result there worked out the principles of the general and equally accessible national education for all social groups and the harmonious and humane patriotic upbringing, which had to be open to the best achievements of the world culture. The letters of Russian scholars V. Dinze and A. Grombach to P. Natorp and one letter of Natorp to Dinze will be published as a supplement to the article. These letters show not only the process of the translation of “Social Pedagogy” into Russian, but also disclose the peculiarities of the organization of translations of the contemporary scientific literature in Russia at the beginning of the 20th century. They were the personal initiative, enthusiasm, the responsibility before the future reader, the scope and intensity of the translators’ and publishers’ activity and the constant lack of adequate financing of this activity

The effect of 10 at % Mn introduced into the classic FINEMET (Fe73.5Cu1Nb3Si13.5B9) at the expense of Fe on the magnetic properties, magnetic anisotropy, and structure, which are formed after nanocrystallizing annealing at 520°C for 10 min to 4 h in the presence of tensile stresses σ = 200 MPa and in the absence of them, is studied. It is shown that, for the Fe63.5Mn10Cu1Nb3Si13.5B9 alloy, like for the classic FINEMET, the annealing in the presence of tensile stresses results in inducing the transverse magnetic anisotropy; however, the constant of induced magnetic anisotropy decreases by 4 times. The coercive force of the Mn-containing alloy increases as the time of annealing both in the presence of tensile stresses and without them increases, whereas the coercive force of FINEMET is almost unchanged. It is shown that the Mn-containing alloy subjected to 10-min treatments already is characterized by the presence of the borides along with the α-Fe(Si, Mn) solid solution and Fe3Si phase. This leads to changing the ratio of volume fractions of structure constituents with the negative and positive magnetostriction, which is likely to cause the decrease in the induced magnetic anisotropy constant of the Mn-containing alloy. The average grain size in the Mn-containing alloy is shown to increase as the time of treatments increases; this fact, along with the formation of borides, leads to the increase in the coercive force. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper focuses on the problem of anthropodicy in the philosophical system of Hermann Cohen and its interpretation by Jacob Gordin (1896—1947). Gordin was one of the last followers of Cohen in Russia. He developes his interpretation in the lecture “Anthropodicy”, which was given in the Philosophical Circle at the Petrograd University in December 1921. For the study of the problem of anthropodicy he was apparently inspired by the discussions at the Free Philosophical Association in 1919—1921. Gordin places Cohen’s concept of man in the wide intellectual context given by the ideas of the Russian religious philosophy, German classical philosophy, Neo-Kantianism, and the West European and Jewish mysticism (cabbala). Gordin compares Cohen’s anthropodicy with Vladimir Soloviev’s one and shows that there is a similarity in their approaches. Both philosophers point out that the justification of man is possible only in form of the justification of humanity and not as for Berdyaiev in form of the justification of personality. But Gordin uses Soloviev’s concept of all-unity and Berdyaiev’s concept of creativity in order to “improve” Cohen’s conception and to reveal the contribution of a person to the justification of humanity. Stronger as Cohen Gordin connects the programm of anthropodicy with individuality and underlines the participation of the individual in creating culture.

This article reconstructs certain episodes of the early intellectual biography (1889—1960) of S. L. Rubinstein — a Russian Neo-Kantian, philosopher, and psychologist — and presents the fol-lowing archive documents: the letter of Martha Cohen (1918), the widow of the German neo-Kantian Hermann Cohen, S. L. Rubinstein’s teacher; two Rubinstein’s autobiographies of the early 1920s; a review of Rubinstein’s thesis, which was supervised by H. Cohen and P. Natorp and de-fended at Marburg University, prepared by N. N. Lange (1858—1921), an eminent psychologist and philosopher, a professor at Novorossiysk University. The first three documents are published for the first time. Lange’s review, which was initially published in Germany in the German language and was presented earlier by researchers of the “Odessa period” of Rubinstein’s intellectual biography, was checked against the archive document. The mistakes identified were corrected. These documents, as well as old and new publications and studies in the German language made it possi¬ble to reveal certain facts and dates of Rubinstein’s biography, as well as his earlier little or un-known creative projects and plans. For instance, it was established that Rubinstein intended to translate into the Russian and publish Cohen’s smaller religious philosophical works, which he obtained in post-war Odessa with the help of E. Cassirer and B. Strauss. The article stresses the need to study personal archives of philosophers in order to establish the ideational sources of their concepts and reconstruct their intellectual landscape.

We studied phenocrysts and melt inclusions in order to evaluate physical and chemical conditions of petrogenesis of the Sulawesi Island (southwestern Pacific subduction belt) basalts. The compositions of the clinopyroxene and plagioclase phenocrysts hosted by basalts of the Lokon Volcano indicate two types of melts: primitive and differentiated. The primitive magmas produced high-anorthite plagioclases that are absent from the Lokon volcano andesites. The second type of melts produced clinopyroxenes and plagioclases of similar composition in basalts and andesites. Similarities in the compositions of homogeneous glasses of melt inclusions in minerals from the Lokon Volcano and other volcanoes of Sulawesi Island and the SW Pacific suggest similar P–T conditions for the formation of magmatic systems. In particular, inclusion data demonstrate that basaltic magmas of the Lokon and Soputan volcanoes are primitive melts (SiO2 = 48.2–51.5 wt % and MgO up to 8 wt %), which is consistent with the contents of other oxides. These inclusions plot at the beginning of the "andesitic" trends in variation diagrams. Accordingly, these melts could be the primary melts for the entire magmatic system that formed andesitic to basaltic effusive rocks of the Tondono caldera and the Lokon and Soputan volcanoes. Based on the compositions of melt inclusions and host minerals in Lokon basalts, we concluded that clinopyroxene phenocrysts crystallized at two levels: 20.6–14.5 km (1150–1130°С) and 13–6 km (1145–1105°С), and plagioclase phenocrysts crystallized at 1160–1120°С. In general, our data on melt inclusions and phenocrysts indicate fundamental differences in the PTX parameters of the magmatic systems that formed basalts and andesites of Sulawesi Island. The basalt-hosted clinopyroxene phenocrysts crystallized from compositionally stable melts at slightly decreasing temperatures and a significant pressure drop during magma ascent. In contrast, crystallization of phenocrysts in the andesites occurred with delays in deep intermediate chambers, at constant pressures and a significant drop in temperature, which facilitated the processes of fractionation and evolution of melts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]