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This book is the 2015-2017 report of the RINTC project, which has been a joint project of ReLUIS and EUCENTRE. The project intended to assess the seismic risk of code conforming structures in Italy. The results presented herein are, in some cases, different from those presented in the previous years and from preliminary literature derived from this project. This is because, as discussed in the body of text, hypotheses and choices have been continuously revised until consolidation; this process might be continuing even after the end of the project. In general, all computed annual structural failure rates closely reflect specific assumptions on design, modeling and analysis of the considered structures, and this has to be always taken into account when discussing the results of this project. The working group of the project (listed below) consists of the following six sub-groups, each of which explores (i) seismic risk assessment of code-conforming structures, designs, modelling, and analyses of (ii) masonry buildings, (iii) precast reinforced concrete buildings, (iv) reinforced concrete buildings, (v) steel buildings, and (vi) base-isolated reinforced concrete buildings. The book is structured such that each chapter presents the research results from the corresponding sub-group: Chapter (i) introduces the objectives and framework of the project; Chapters (ii) ? (vi) develop code-conforming designs, modelling and analyses of buildings for each structural type; Chapter (vii) concludes the study presenting the final results of the computed failure rates for the structures examined in the preceding chapters. Moreover, readers can refer to Appendices A to C for the details of the considerations on (a) usability-preventing limit state, (b) soil-structure interaction, and (c) model-uncertainty, respectively.

The “Retro” TA project funded by the European commission within the Series-project aims at studying numerically and experimentally the seismic behaviour of an old existing reinforced concrete bridge with portal frame piers and the effectiveness of different isolation systems. In particular, an experimental test campaign will be performed at ELSA Laboratory of JRC (Ispra, Italy). Two piers (scale 1:2.5) will be built and tested using the PsD technique with sub-structuring; the modelling of the entire viaduct is considered along with the non-linear behaviour of each pier, due to bending, shear on the transverse beams and strain penetration effect at the column bases. The comprehensive numerical investigations have shown the high vulnerability of the sample bridge. Consequently two isolation systems (yielding-based and friction-based bearings) have been currently designed and characterized. Because the test will start after the summer 2012, in this paper the relevant issues will be here addressed and discussed.

"The “Retro” TA project funded by the European commission within the Series-project aims at studying. numerically and experimentally the seismic behaviour of an old existing reinforced concrete bridge with portal. frame piers and the effectiveness of different isolation systems. In particular, an experimental test campaign will. be performed at ELSA Laboratory of JRC (Ispra, Italy). Two piers (scale 1:2.5) will be built and tested using the. PsD technique with sub-structuring; the modelling of the entire viaduct is considered along with the non-linear. behaviour of each pier, due to bending, shear on the transverse beams and strain penetration effect at the column. bases. The comprehensive numerical investigations have shown the high vulnerability of the sample bridge.. Consequently two isolation systems (yielding-based and friction-based bearings) have been currently designed. and characterized. Because the test will start after the summer 2012, in this paper the relevant issues will be here addressed and discussed"

Venezia (Italy)

The “Retro” TA project funded by the European commission within the Series-project aims at studying numerically and experimentally the seismic behaviour of an old existing reinforced concrete bridge with portal frame piers and the effectiveness of different isolation systems. In particular, an experimental test campaign will be performed at ELSA Laboratory of JRC (Ispra, Italy). Two piers (scale 1:2.5) will be built and tested using the PsD technique with sub-structuring; the modelling of he entire viaduct is considered along with the non-linear behaviour of each pier, due to bending, shear on the transverse beams and strain penetration effect at the column bases. The comprehensive numerical investigations have shown the high vulnerability of the sample bridge. Consequently two isolation systems (yielding-based and friction-based bearings) have been currently designed and characterized. Because the test will start after the summer 2012, in this paper the relevant issues will be here addressed and discussed., JRC.G.5-European laboratory for structural assessment

PurposeThis paper aims to verify which intangible assets attributable to intellectual capital (IC) influence the anti-cyclical nature and the resilience of social enterprises (SEs) during systemic crises and whether these factors take on particular connotations in female-run SEs.Design/methodology/approachA qualitative methodology based on multiple case studies is used to answer the research questions. A set of SEs operating in the catering sector is analyzed. The analysis is carried out by in-depth interviews with male and female managers of SEs to understand which resilience IC factors were most activated during full emergency and recovery stages.FindingsThe results confirm the anti-cyclical nature of SEs and their resilience to systemic crises. No distinct differences emerge between female and male SEs. Concerning the IC, relational capital (RC) is the most relevant intangible asset for small and medium-sized SEs. Internal and external relations support them during the crisis and the consolidation of trusted ties, formal and informal, external and internal, favor the Recovery. The RC is a crucial resource even in bigger SEs, but some differences are detected concerning the smaller ones. In the smaller SEs, informal relations prevail, while formal relations prevail in the larger ones, particularly with institutions. Furthermore, the RC is the sole or primary resource in the smaller SEs, while the bigger SEs can count on more varied intangible resources.Originality/valueThis study offers an original contribution to studies on IC by focusing on the factors little analyzed by existing studies: (1) SE management, (2) the contribution of IC to the resilience of non-profit-oriented enterprises and (3) the search for elements of differentiation between SEs with male and female leadership.

Evaluating losses consequent to damages induced by earthquakes has become one main paradigm in seismic performance assessment. Within this context, this paper explores a simplified seismic loss assessment methodology for steel structures that utilises displacement-based assessment in place of non-linear dynamic analyses. To this end, two case studies have been considered: (i) an archetype existing single-storey non-residential building, (ii) a prototype new multi-story residential building. Comparing results obtained using the fully probabilistic and the simplified displacement-based assessment methodologies allows the benefits of the simplified method to be highlighted. Possible difficulties encountered in applying the simplified method are also identified.

Montreal, Canada 24 August 2000