Search

The increasing prevalence and complications related to liver diseases (caused by infection, toxic agents, or metabolic syndrome), together with insufficient existence of treatments, make evident the need for better therapeutic alternatives. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the effect of 4-hydroxychalcone (4-HC) as preventive and curative treatment in acute and chronic liver injury, respectively. Liver damage was induced with carbon tetrachloride (C[Cl.sub.4]) in Wistar rats. Rats were divided into two groups: (1) acute liver injury and (2) chronic liver injury. In turn, each group was divided into four subgroups: (i) control (water); (ii) dimethyl sulfoxide 10%; (iii) C[Cl.sub.4]; and (iv) 4-HC. The pre-treatment with 4-HC decreased transaminases, IL-6 serum levels, and hepatic malondialdehyde, increased IL-10 serum levels and hepatic glutathione, and decreased liver damage (necrosis, steatosis, and inflammatory infiltrate). In contrast, treatment with 4-HC after the induction of chronic liver injury decreased IL-6 serum levels and liver damage (steatosis, inflammatory infiltrate, ballooning cells, steatofibrosis, and fibrosis degree). Thus, the 4-HC treatment is proposed as a preventive treatment against acute liver injury; moreover, these results suggested the potential of 4-HC as a curative treatment against chronic liver injury, but other scheme treatments must be evaluated in future. Key words: 4-hydroxychalcone, fibrosis, steatosis, acute liver injury, chronic liver injury, preventive treatment, curative treatment L'augmentation de la prevalence des maladies hepatiques et des complications qui y sont liees (causees par l'infection, les agents toxiques ou le syndrome metabolique), de meme que de traitements existants insuffisants, mettent en evidence le besoin de meilleurs choix d'options therapeutiques. Par consequent, cette etude avait pour but d'etablir l'effet de la 4hydroxychalcone (4-HC) en tant que traitement preventif et curatif de l'insuffisance hepatique aigue et chronique, respectivement. Nous avons obtenu des dommages hepatiques a l'aide de tetrachlorure de carbone (CCl4]) chez des rats Wistar. Nous avons reparti les rats dans deux groupes : (1) insuffisance hepatique aigue et (2) insuffisance hepatique chronique. Ensuite, nous avons reparti les rats de chacun des groupes dans quatre sous-groupes : (i) temoin (eau); (ii) dimethylsulfoxyde a 10 %; (iii) CCl4; et (iv) 4-HC. L'administration prealable de 4-HC a entraine un abaissement des transaminases, des taux seriques d'IL-6 et de malondialdehyde hepatique, ainsi qu'une hausse des taux seriques d'IL-10 et de glutathion hepatique, avec une attenuation des lesions hepatiques (necrose, steatose et infiltrats inflammatoires). Par ailleurs, l'administration de 4-HC apres la production d'une insuffisance hepatique chronique a entraine un abaissement des taux seriques d'IL-6 et une attenuation des dommages hepatiques (steatose, infiltrats inflammatoires, gonflement cellulaire, steatofibrose et degre de fibrose). Par consequent, nous proposons l'administration de 4-HC comme traitement preventif contre l'insuffisance hepatique aigue. En outre, ces resultats laissent entrevoir le potentiel de l'administration de 4-HC comme traitement curatif contre l'insuffisance hepatique chronique. Cependant, d'autres schemas therapeutiques devront etre evalues dans le futur. [Traduit par la Redaction] Mots-cles : 4-hydroxychalcone, fibrose, steatose, insuffisance hepatique aigue, insuffisance hepatique chronique, Traitement preventif, traitement curatif, Introduction The liver is affected by different infection diseases (mainly hepatitis B and C), toxic agents (alcohol abuse and drugs), and metabolic syndromes (e.g., non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, NASH) (Crespo Yanguas et [...]

Synthetic fungicides are used to control anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides; however, their frequent application increases the risk of pathogen resistance, environmental damage, and health concerns. It has been reported that caprylic acid (CA) inhibits the in vitro development of C. gloeosporioides; however, its antifungal mechanism and in vivo antifungal potential are still unknown. Therefore, the present work aims to analyse the effect of a CA‐enriched sub‐fraction (CAES) extracted from Vitex mollis fruit on the fungal microstructure by confocal fluorescence microscopy and morphometric analysis. Moreover, the effect of CAES on anthracnose development and quality parameters in papaya fruit was evaluated. The confocal microscopy images confirmed that CAES damaged the cell wall of conidia, given their decreased width. The increased fluorescence intensity in the CAES and CA‐treated mycelium suggested they were attached to the plasma membrane. These treatments produced structural alterations of the vacuoles and septa in mycelium, while in the fungicide thiabendazole (TBZ) treatment, apoptotic bodies appeared. CAES at 1.0 g L−1 had the best effect against anthracnose incidence and severity in papaya fruit, whereas TBZ was only effective on anthracnose severity. None of the applied treatments affected the fruit quality parameters. Therefore, CAES may be develop as an effective option to suppress anthracnose on papaya fruit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The impact of contamination of water drainage ditches in the development of antibiotic-resistant bacteria has been scarcely studied in Mexico. In this regard, 101 isolates of E. coli were obtained from water samples from a ditch in Sinaloa, during one year. The antimicrobial resistant profiles, the presence of the class 1 integron and evolutionary relationship of intI1 sequences were determined. The 47.5% of strains were resistant and 5.9% multidrug resistant (MDR) with an average multiple antibiotic resistance index value of 0.45. The highest resistance was registered with β-lactam (39.6%) and quinolone (9.9%). The intI1 gene was detected in 11.9% of the isolates, and no association with MDR was found. Sequence were associated with human and animal host isolates. MDR E. coli isolates with intI1 gene highlight the potential risk of the ditch's water to human health. An attenuation effect of MDR E. coli isolates in the outlet water was observed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Chapingo Serie Horticultura is the property of Universidad Autonoma Chapingo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The nanche de la costa (Zizyphus sonorensis) fruit was partially characterized by physicochemical and nutritional analyses. This fruit has a homogenous size and color and low moisture content (47 g/100 g). The content of tannins and nickel of the edible portion might limit its use. However, nanche de la costa has important characteristics and potential to be considered as a food or feed source. The remarkable characteristics of the edible portion are high content of total (35 g/100 g) and soluble (0.6 g/100 g) dietary fiber, high level of copper (0.53 mg/100 g), iron (10 mg/100 g) and zinc (4.2 mg/100 g). The seed was distinguished by its high content of total dietary fiber (82.1 g/100 g), calcium (540 mg/100 g), copper (0.54 mg/100 g), chromium (1.1 mg/100 g) and zinc (4.5 mg/100 g). The moisture value is given in fresh weight basis and all other values are in dry weight basis. Keywords: Fruit, nutritional characteristics, physicochemical characteristics, Zizyphus sonorensis