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The study was carried out to evaluate the responses of different Solanum species to Meloidogyne incognita under pot conditions and to identify resistant rootstock(s) for the management of M. incognita in tomato by employing grafting technique. Twelve Solanum species were screened against M. incognita at the net house of Department of Nematology, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat Assam. The observation on number of galls and egg masses in roots and nematode population per pot were recorded after 45 days of inoculation of M. incognita. These data were further used to calculate the root knot index (RKI), responses of various Solanum spp. and nematode reproduction rate. All the Solanum species showed varying degree of responses to M. incognita. Among these, S. torvum and S. lycopersicum cv. Hisar Lalit were found to be resistant against M. incognita whereas S. viarum was found to be susceptible against M. incognita and the remaining species were highly susceptible to M. incognita. S. torvum and S. lycopersicum cv. Hisar Lalit showed the lowest number of galls per root system, egg massesper root system and final nematode population in soil per pot. On the other hand, S. lycopersicum cv. S-22 showed the highest number of galls per root system, egg masses per root system and final nematode population in soil per pot. Utilizing resistant cultivars is an economically efficient method for managing plant parasitic nematodes and these resistant rootstocks can be used in tomato grafting technology for the management of M. incognita. The study was carried out to evaluate the responses of different Solanum species to Meloidogyne incognita under pot conditions and to identify resistant rootstock(s) for the management of M. incognita in tomato by employing grafting technique. Twelve Solanum species were screened against M. incognita at the net house of Department of Nematology, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat Assam. The observation on number of galls and egg masses in roots and nematode population per pot were recorded after 45 days of inoculation of M. incognita. These data were further used to calculate the root knot index (RKI), responses of various Solanum spp. and nematode reproduction rate. All the Solanum species showed varying degree of responses to M. incognita. Among these, S. torvum and S. lycopersicum cv. Hisar Lalit were found to be resistant against M. incognita whereas S. viarum was found to be susceptible against M. incognita and the remaining species were highly susceptible to M. incognita. S. torvum and S. lycopersicum cv. Hisar Lalit showed the lowest number of galls per root system, egg massesper root system and final nematode population in soil per pot. On the other hand, S. lycopersicum cv. S-22 showed the highest number of galls per root system, egg masses per root system and final nematode population in soil per pot. Utilizing resistant cultivars is an economically efficient method for managing plant parasitic nematodes and these resistant rootstocks can be used in tomato grafting technology for the management of M. incognita. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) is a minimally invasive procedure indicated for medically refractory chronic sinusitis (CRS). As with any surgical procedure, there are potential risks and complications., Objective: The purpose of this study is to report skull base, orbital, and hemorrhagic-associated complication rates following ESS., Methods: A retrospective query on the TriNetX platform identified patients diagnosed with CRS who subsequently underwent ESS in the last 20 years. Outcomes analyses were performed to determine the incidence of skull base (cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea, bacterial meningitis, dural tear), orbital (diplopia, optic nerve injury, blindness, epiphora, orbital hemorrhage, canthotomy/canthoplasty), and hemorrhagic (epistaxis, carotid artery injury, blood transfusion) complications within 30 days postoperatively. Kaplan-Meier Analysis estimated survival probability from each complication type. Outcome rates were also compared between female and male patients., Results: A total of 116 669 patients from 55 healthcare organizations fit the study criteria. The average age at surgery was 47.9 ± 17.9 years. The gender distribution of the cohort was 50% female and 48% male. The risk of skull base, orbital, and hemorrhagic complications within 30 days of the surgery was found to be 0.212%, 0.741%, and 3.00%, respectively. Kaplan-Meier Analysis revealed that survival probability from each complication type was 99.783%, 99.260%, and 96.903%, respectively. Comparison of outcome risks stratified by gender revealed no major differences for skull base and orbital complications; however, males exhibited a significantly higher risk of hemorrhagic complications (3.2% vs 2.8%, P  < .0001)., Conclusions: The study supports ESS as a safe procedure for the management of CRS. Though rare, hemorrhagic complications are more common than orbital and skull base complications. Hemorrhagic complications are also more common in men than women. These findings provide insights for counseling patients about ESS risks and benefits., Competing Interests: Declaration of Conflicting InterestsThe authors declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.