44 results on '"D. Monks"'
Search Results
2. The effect of different mango training systems on light transmission within the canopy
- Author
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K. Mahmud, P. Ibell, C. Wright, Z. Scobell, I. Bally, and D. Monks
- Subjects
Horticulture - Published
- 2023
3. Efficacy of regional blocks or local anaesthetic infiltration for analgesia after caesarean delivery: a network meta‐analysis of randomised controlled trials
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N. P. Singh, D. Monks, J. K. Makkar, A. Palanisamy, P. Sultan, and P. M. Singh
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Pain, Postoperative ,Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine ,Morphine ,Cesarean Section ,Pregnancy ,Network Meta-Analysis ,Humans ,Bayes Theorem ,Female ,Analgesia ,Anesthetics, Local ,Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic - Abstract
Caesarean delivery is common and can cause severe postoperative pain but injection of local anaesthetic at various sites for regional blocks or local anaesthetic infiltration may reduce this. We aimed to compare and rank these sites. We searched PubMed, Google Scholar, EMBASE and CENTRAL to June 2021 for randomised controlled trials and performed a random-effects Bayesian model network meta-analysis. The primary outcome was dose of parenteral morphine equivalents in the first 24 postoperative hours. We used surface under cumulative ranking probabilities to order techniques. We analysed 114 trials (8730 participants). The ordered mean (95% credible interval) reduction in morphine equivalents, from 34 mg with placebo, were as follows: ilio-inguinal 15 (1-32) mg; ilio-inguinal-iliohypogastric 13 (6-19) mg; transversalis fascia 11 (4-26) mg; erector spinae 11 (10-32); transverse abdominis 9 (4-13) mg; wound catheter infusion 8 (2-15) mg; quadratus lumborum 8 (1-15) mg; wound infiltration 8 (2-13) mg; and no intervention -4 (-10 to 2) mg. Ordered efficacies for injection sites were different for other relevant outcomes, including pain (to 4-6 h and to 24 h) and time to rescue analgesia: there was no single preferred route of injection. The ordered mean (95% credible interval) reduction in dynamic pain scores (0-10 scale) at 24 h compared with placebo were as follows: wound infusion 1.2 (0.2-2.1); erector spinae 1.3 (-0.5 to 3.1); quadratus lumborum 1.0 (0.1-1.8); ilio-inguinal-iliohypogastric 0.6 (-0.5 to 1.8); transverse abdominis 0.6 (-0.1 to 1.2); wound infiltration 0.5 (-0.3 to 1.3); transversalis fascia -0.8 (-3.4 to 1.9); ilio-inguinal -0.9 (-3.6 to 1.7); and no intervention -0.8 (-1.8 to 0.2). We categorised our confidence in effect sizes as low or very low.
- Published
- 2021
4. Credible intervals and rankogram distributions
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P. M. Singh, A. Borle, and D. Monks
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Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine ,Humans ,Bayes Theorem - Published
- 2022
5. Efficacy of Regional Blocks or Local Anaesthetic Infiltration for Analgesia After Caesarean Delivery: A Network Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
- Author
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N.P. Singh, D. Monks, J.K. Makkar, A. Palanisamy, P. Sultan, and P.M. Singh
- Subjects
Management of Technology and Innovation - Published
- 2022
6. Asymptotics of Coupled Reaction-Diffusion Fronts with Multiple Static and Diffusing Reactants: Uranium Oxidation in Water Vapor
- Author
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Peter Morrall, S. R. Monisha Natchiar, R. E. Hewitt, and Phillip D. D. Monks
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Materials science ,Quantitative Biology::Molecular Networks ,Applied Mathematics ,Front (oceanography) ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Thermodynamics ,Uranium ,Coupling reaction ,chemistry ,Reaction–diffusion system ,Asymptotic ,Diffusion (business) ,Physics::Chemical Physics ,Reaction-diffusion ,Nuclear Experiment ,Water vapor - Abstract
Large-time asymptotic solutions for the reaction-diffusion front between one static reactant and one diffusing reactant are known. These states apply to single-step reactions with a mean-field reaction rate proportional to pm αn (with m, n ≥ 1), where \rho, \alpha are concentrations of the diffusing and static reactants, respectively. Such reaction kinetics commonly arise in, for example, simple corrosion models of a porous solid, subject to a diffusing reactant. Here we address a more complex two-step corrosion reaction for oxidation of uranium in a water-vapor environment. In this case, additional complexity arises through a pair of coupled reaction fronts (one with m = 2, n = 1 and the other with m = 3, n = 1). Furthermore, we allow for material expansion owing to the corrosion process and a strong dependence of diffusion coefficients on the static reactant distribution. In the large-time limit there are four main asymptotic regions, comprising two diffusion layers and two reaction fronts. Asymptotic matching of these regions allows us to construct a large-time solution that gives analytical predictions for the positions of the two propagating fronts, thickness of the diffusion layers, and concentration of diffusing species outside of the fronts. This is the first mechanistic model of uranium oxidation in water vapor and predicts a thin propagating subsurface (hydride) layer, as recently observed in atom-probe tomography experiments.
- Published
- 2020
7. Histone H2A.Z is required for androgen receptor-mediated effects on fear memory
- Author
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Jennet Baumbach, Ashley D. Monks, Firyal Ramzan, and Iva B. Zovkic
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Male ,medicine.drug_class ,Cognitive Neuroscience ,Regulator ,Experimental and Cognitive Psychology ,Histone exchange ,Biology ,Hippocampus ,050105 experimental psychology ,Flutamide ,Histones ,03 medical and health sciences ,Behavioral Neuroscience ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Mice ,0302 clinical medicine ,Memory ,medicine ,Androgen Receptor Antagonists ,Animals ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Epigenetics ,Mice, Knockout ,Neurons ,05 social sciences ,Dihydrotestosterone ,Fear ,Androgen ,Cell biology ,Androgen receptor ,Histone ,chemistry ,Receptors, Androgen ,Knockout mouse ,biology.protein ,Androgens ,Neuroscience ,Orchiectomy ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
Epigenetic factors translate environmental signals into stable outcomes, but how they are influenced by regulators of plasticity remain unclear. We previously showed that androgen receptor overexpression inhibited fear memory in male mice and increased expression of the histone variant H2A.Z, a novel epigenetic regulator of memory. Here, we used conditional-inducible H2A.Z knockout mice to investigate how H2A.Z deletion influences androgenic regulation of fear memory. We showed that conditional inducible H2A.Z deletion blocked memory-enhancing effects of androgen depletion (induced by gonadectomy), and of pharmacological inhibition of the androgen receptor with flutamide. Similarly, H2A.Z deletion blocked the memory-reducing effects of DHT, and DHT treatment in cultured hippocampal neurons altered H2A.Z binding, suggesting that AR is an H2A.Z regulator in neurons. Overall, these data show that fear memory formation is regulated by interactions between sex hormones and epigenetic factors, which has implications for sex differences in fear-related disorders.
- Published
- 2020
8. High-residue cover crops alone or with strategic tillage to manage glyphosate-resistant Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) in southeastern cotton (Gossypium hirsutum)
- Author
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Lynn M. Sosnoskie, C. D. Monks, A.J. Price, A.S. Culpepper, Lawrence E. Steckel, R.L. Nichols, J.A. Kelton, L.M. Duzy, and Michael W. Marshall
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0106 biological sciences ,Conventional tillage ,biology ,Soil Science ,Sowing ,Row crop ,Amaranth ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,biology.organism_classification ,Weed control ,01 natural sciences ,Tillage ,Amaranthus palmeri ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Agronomy ,040103 agronomy & agriculture ,0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries ,Cover crop ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,010606 plant biology & botany ,Nature and Landscape Conservation ,Water Science and Technology - Abstract
Glyphosate-resistant (GR) Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri S. Wats) is redefining row crop weed management in the southeast United States due to its widespread distribution, high competitive ability, copious seed production, and resilience against standard weed management programs. Herbicides alone are failing to provide adequate control of GR Palmer amaranth; thus, use of conventional tillage is increasing in the Southeast in order to control GR Palmer amaranth. Cultural practices consistent with maintenance of conservation tillage were evaluated to determine if they could suppress weeds in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). An on-farm research and demonstration project was initiated in the fall of 2009 in Alabama, Georgia, South Carolina, and Tennessee to address well-founded concerns that conservation tillage systems were at risk because of GR Palmer amaranth. The research continued in certain states for two additional years. Cultural practices contrasted in the conservation tillage system were a no-till planted high-residue cover crop, one-time fall inversion tillage followed by the planting of a high-residue cover crop, and winter fallow only without a cover crop. Cover crop biomass yields varied from 570 to 6,790 kg ha−1 (509 to 6,063 lb ac−1) depending on location, type of cover crop, planting date, and environment. Fall inversion tillage increased cover crop biomass at all locations, likely due to preparation of a favorable seed bed for seedling establishment or alleviation of soil compaction or both. One-time fall inversion tillage reduced the number of GR Palmer amaranth escapes compared with the other treatments. Where GR Palmer amaranth densities were relatively low (approximately 1,000 plants ha−1 [405 plants ac−1] or fewer), there were few differences in the number of GR Palmer amaranth escapes among treatments. Where GR Palmer amaranth densities were relatively high (18,000 plants ha−1 [7,284 plants ac−1] or greater), winter fallow systems had higher Palmer amaranth densities escaping weed management programs compared to either cover crop system. The number of Palmer amaranth escapes declined exponentially as a function of cover crop biomass regardless of tillage. For sites with two years of data, no year by treatment interaction was detected, indicating that relative GR Palmer amaranth escape densities were sustained in each treatment for two seasons. Trends in cotton yields were the opposite of those for Palmer amaranth escapes. High-residue cover crops tended to suppress Palmer amaranth and increase cotton lint yields. However, no cultural management system consistently netted greater returns than other systems across locations and years.
- Published
- 2016
9. Age Adjusted D-Dimer for exclusion of Pulmonary Embolism: a retrospective cohort study
- Author
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D, Monks, A, Neill, D, Barton, A, Moughty, A, McFeely, A, Timmons, S, Hatton, and D, McMorrow
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Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products ,Computed Tomography Angiography ,Age Factors ,Humans ,False Positive Reactions ,Emergency Service, Hospital ,Pulmonary Embolism ,Sensitivity and Specificity ,Biomarkers ,Retrospective Studies - Abstract
D-Dimer (DD) will increase with age and recent studies have shown the upper limit of normal can be raised in those who are low risk and over 50. We studied age adjusted D-dimer (AADD) levels to assess whether pulmonary embolism (PE) could be safely excluded. This study analysed the Emergency Department (ED) Computed Tomographic Pulmonary Angiography (CTPA) requests. There were 756 requests. The parameters studied were; age, DD value, calculated AADD, CT result and Simplified Geneva Score (SGS). The primary outcome was the diagnostic performance of AADD. One hundred and eighty-five patients were included in the final cohort. Twenty-one patients had a negative DD after age adjustment. Of these one had a PE, corresponding to a failure rate of 4.76% (1 in 22). The sensitivity of AADD was 0.96 (95% CI 0.76 to 0.99) and its specificity was 0.12 (95% CI 0.08- 0.19). AADD demonstrated a reduction in false positives with one false negative, giving rise to a failure rate higher than that of other larger studies. Further study is indicated to accurately define the diagnostic characteristics for the Irish context.
- Published
- 2018
10. Cutleaf Groundcherry (Physalis angulata) Density, Biomass and Seed Production in Peanut (Arachis hypogaeaL.) Following Regrowth Due to Inadequate Control
- Author
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Jessica A. Kelton, C. D. Monks, and Andrew J. Price
- Subjects
chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,biology ,Agronomy ,Paraquat ,Crop yield ,Bentazon ,Physalis angulata ,Imazapic ,Acifluorfen ,biology.organism_classification ,Pruning ,Arachis hypogaea - Abstract
A field experiment evaluated simulated salvage herbicide application injury and injury timing on cutleaf groundcherry density, biomass, seed production, and crop yield in a peanut system. Treatments included: 1) a non-treated control; 2) hand pruning; 3) diclosulam applied preemergence (PRE) alone at 27 g/ha ; 4) paraquat applied at cracking early postemergence (EPOST) at 140 g/ha followed by bentazon at 560 g/ha late postemergence (POST) alone or mixed with 5) 2,4-DB at 220 g/ha; 6) acifluorfen at 280 g/ha; 7) imazapic at 70 g/ha; or 8) chlorimuron ethyl at 9 g/ha. Hand pruning and POST herbicide treatments were performed at 1-week intervals for four weeks beginning in June of each year. Herbicide treatments do not reflect current peanut herbicide recommendations but were chosen based on likely differential cutleaf groundcherry biomass and subsequent seed production. Diclosulam applied PRE provided season-long cutleaf groundcherry control; imazapic applied POST in combination with bentazon also provided excellent control. Use of bentazon alone or mixed with chlorimuron ethyl, or hand pruning resulted in similar cutleaf groundcherry biomass and subsequent seed production compared to the non-treated control in almost all comparisons. Peanut yield reflected early-season weed interference and late season cutleaf groundcherry control. Highest yields were recorded for diclosulam PRE and POST applications containing 2,4-DB and imazapic with 6040, 5990, and 6430 kg/ha, respectively. When early-season weed control efforts fail to completely control cutleaf groundcherry, it is crucial to have effective late season herbicide options for salvage treatments in order to prevent additions to the seed bank.Nomenclature: Acifluorfen, bentazon, chlorimuron ethyl, diclosulam, imazapic, paraquat, 2,4-DB, cutleaf groundcherry, Physalis angulata (L.) PHYAN, peanut, Arachis hypogaea (L.).
- Published
- 2013
11. Contributors
- Author
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M.M. Apo, T.A. Bailey, Cert Zoo Med, B. Barca Ruibal, J.V. Baskar, H. Beaufrère, J.E. Cooper, M.E. Cooper, P. Coutteel, M. Cowan, L. Crosta, F.J. Dein, A.B. del Rio, R. Doneley, N.A. Forbes, B. Gartrell, S. Hammer, J.M. Hatt, M.G. Hawkins, C. Hebel, J.C. Howlett, Dip Nat Sci, J. Kinne, Cert Vet Path, Cert Trop Vet, M.E. Krautwald Junghanns, O. Krone, M.P.C. Lawton, C. Liu, M.N.F. Magno, A. Melillo, D. Monks, A. Montesinos, K. Morgan, J.L. Naldo, J. Paul-Murphy, M. Pees, M.A. Peirce, H. Pendl, J. Perlman, D. Phalen, J. Ponder, P.T. Redig, M.D. Saggese, J. Samour, D. Sanchez-Migallon Guzman, P. Sandmeier, P. Schnitzer, N.J. Schoemaker, R.K. Schuster, C. Silvanose, L. Timossi, Y.R.A. van Zeeland, P.M. Wencel, U. Wernery, M.B. Wernick, M. Ziccardi, P. Zsivanovits, P. Zucca, and P. Zwart
- Published
- 2016
12. Filtering Reaction Dynamics Using Nearside−Farside Theory and Local Angular Momentum Theory: Application to the Angular Scattering of the H + D2(vi = 0, ji = 0) → HD(vf = 3, jf = 0) + D Reaction in the Energy and Time Domains
- Author
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P. D. D. Monks, Foudhil Bouakline, and J. N. L. Connor
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Physics ,Scattering amplitude ,Angular momentum ,Classical mechanics ,Scattering ,Total angular momentum quantum number ,Angular momentum coupling ,Rotational transition ,Scattering theory ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry ,Atomic physics ,Helicity - Abstract
We investigate methods for filtering reaction mechanisms in the angular scattering of the state-to-state reaction, H + D(2)(v(i) = 0, j(i) = 0, m(i) = 0) --> HD(v(f) = 3, j(f) = 0, m(f) = 0) + D, where v(i), j(i), and m(i) and v(f), j(f), and m(f) are initial and final vibrational, rotational, and helicity quantum numbers, respectively. The input to our filtrations is a new set of accurate quantum scattering matrix elements for total energies in the range 1.52-2.50 eV (in steps of 0.01 eV) and for total angular momentum quantum numbers in the range, 0-40, in steps of unity. We filter reaction mechanisms in both the energy domain and the time domain. The time-domain calculations employ the plane wave packet formulation of time-dependent scattering. The theoretical tools used are nearside-farside (NF) analysis of partial wave series for scattering amplitudes, together with NF local angular momentum (LAM) theory. An energy-domain LAM analysis reveals the existence of an important dynamical feature in the N scattering, a "trench" which bisects the (energy, angle) plane. We use the location of this trench to approximately filter two reaction mechanisms. Transformation to the time domain demonstrates that the two reaction mechanisms correspond to direct and delayed (by about 25 fs) scattering. Further analysis, including filtration in the time domain, shows that the pronounced LAM trench arises from the interference of the energy-domain analogues of the time-direct and time-delayed scattering. Our theory and results provide the first successful demonstration of reaction mechanism filtering carried out directly in the (energy, angle) domain. The calculations and results in this paper extend and complement earlier research reported by Monks, Connor, and Althorpe (Monks, P. D. D.; Connor, J. N. L.; Althorpe, S. C. J. Phys. Chem. A 2006, 110, 741; J. Phys. Chem. A 2007, 111, 10302).
- Published
- 2009
13. Nearside−Farside and Local Angular Momentum Analyses of Time-Independent Scattering Amplitudes for the H + D2 (vi = 0, ji = 0) → HD (vf = 3, jf = 0) + D Reaction
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P. D. D. Monks, J. N. L. Connor, and Stuart C. Althorpe
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Scattering amplitude ,Angular momentum ,Scattering ,Chemistry ,Scattering length ,Scattering theory ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry ,Atomic physics ,Inelastic scattering ,Quantum number ,Helicity - Abstract
The scattering dynamics of the state-to-state reaction H + D2 (v(i) = 0, j(i) = 0, m(i) = 0) --> HD (v(f) = 3, j(f) = 0, m(f) = 0) + D is investigated, where vi, ji, mi and vf, jf, mf are initial and final vibrational, rotational, and helicity quantum numbers, respectively. We use accurate quantum scattering matrix elements for total energies in the range 1.52-2.50 eV (calculated stepwise in 0.01 eV increments). The theoretical tools used are a nearside-farside (NF) analysis of the partial wave series (PWS) for the scattering amplitude, together with NF local angular momentum (LAM) theory. We find that the backward scattering, which is the energy-domain analog of the time-direct reaction mechanism, is N dominated, whereas the forward scattering (time-delayed analog) is a result of NF interference between the more slowly varying N and F subamplitudes. The LAM analysis reveals the existence of a "trench-ridge" structure. We also resum the PWS up to three times prior to making the NF decomposition. We show that such resummations usually provide an improved physical interpretation of the NF differential cross sections (DCSs) and NF LAMs. We analyze two resummed scattering amplitudes in more detail, where particular values of the resummation parameters give rise to unexpected unphysical behavior in the N and F DCSs over a small angular range. We analyze the cause of this unphysical behavior and describe viable workarounds to the problem. The energy-domain calculations in this paper complement the time-domain results reported earlier by Monks, P. D. D.; Connor, J. N. L.; Althorpe, S. C. J. Phys. Chem. A 2006, 110, 741.
- Published
- 2007
14. Weed Control In Peanut Grown in a High-Residue Conservation-Tillage System
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Kipling S. Balkcom, Michael G. Patterson, B. E. Gamble, C. D. Monks, D. W. Reeves, Francisco J. Arriaga, and Andrew J. Price
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Secale ,Tillage ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Pendimethalin ,Winter cereal ,Agronomy ,biology ,chemistry ,Bentazon ,Avena strigosa ,Cover crop ,biology.organism_classification ,Weed control - Abstract
Information is needed on the role of cover crops as a weed control alternative due to the increase in adoption of conservation-tillage in peanut production. Field experiments were conducted from autumn 1994 through autumn 1997 in Alabama to evaluate three winter cereal cover crops in a high-residue conservationtillage peanut production system. Black oat (Avena strigosa Schreb.), rye (Secale cereale L.), and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) were evaluated for their weed-suppressive characteristics compared to a winter fallow system. Three herbicide systems were utilized: no herbicide, preemergence (PRE) herbicides followed by (fb) postemergence (POST) herbicides, and PRE fb sequential POST herbicides. The PRE fb POST herbicide input system consisted of pendimethalin at 1.12 kg ai/ha fb an additional early POST application of paraquat at 0.14 kg ai/ha plus bentazon at 0.56 kg ai/ha. The PRE fb sequential POST herbicide input system contained the aforementioned herbicides fb 2,4-DB at 0.22 kg ai/ha plus chlorimuron at 0.14 kg ai/ha applied late POST. No cover crop was effective in controlling weeds without a herbicide program. However, when black oat or rye was utilized with PRE fb POST herbicides, weed control was similar to the high input system in two out of three years. Yield increased in 14 of 27 comparisons following conservation-tilled peanut using the Brazilian cover crop management system, compared to a winter fallow system. Yields never decreased following a winter cover crop compared to winter fallow. The winter fallow, high herbicide input system yielded between 7 and 26% less peanut compared to the highest yielding system that included a winter cover crop. The Brazilian system using black oat or rye cover crop has potential to increase peanut productivity and reduce herbicide inputs for peanuts grown in the Southeast.
- Published
- 2007
15. Cotton Response to Source and Timing of Nitrogen Fertilization on a Sandy Coastal Plain Soil
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G. L. Mullins, D. P. Delaney, and C. D. Monks
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Ammonium sulfate ,Physiology ,Ammonium nitrate ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Ammonium thiosulfate ,Nitrogen ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Nitrate ,Agronomy ,Loam ,Urea ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,Plant nutrition - Abstract
A three‐year field study was conducted to evaluate cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) response to the source and timing of nitrogen (N) on an irrigated coastal plain soil (Lucy loamy sand; Arenic Kandiudults) in south Alabama. Cotton acreage in this region has increased in the past ten years and there was a need for current data describing cotton response to N fertilization. Treatments included N sources, timing of N application (ammonium nitrate), split applications of N (ammonium nitrate and ammonium sulfate), and a no‐N check. Nitrogen sources applied preplant included: (i) ammonium nitrate (34‐0‐0); (ii) ammonium sulfate (21‐0‐0‐24.2); (iii) urea (46‐0‐0); (iv) urea–ammonium nitrate solution (UAN; 32‐0‐0); (v) UAN + ammonium thiosulfate (28‐0‐0‐5). Non‐sulfur sources were applied with and without additional sulfur (S). Times of application were preplant, first true leaf, first square, and first bloom. Two treatments received split applications of N as a 50:50 mixture of ammonium sulfate with urea...
- Published
- 2003
16. Soil Temperature, Soil Moisture, Weed Control, and Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) Response to Mulching
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T. Basden, C. D. Monks, A. Selders, S. M. Poland, David W. Monks, and E. Rayburn
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0106 biological sciences ,Crop yield ,Plastic film ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,Plant Science ,Straw ,Weed control ,01 natural sciences ,Cultural control ,010602 entomology ,Horticulture ,040103 agronomy & agriculture ,0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries ,Environmental science ,Transplanting ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,Water content ,Mulch - Abstract
Shredded newspaper (2.5, 7.6, 12.7, and 17.8 cm depth), chopped newspaper (2.5 and 7.6 cm), wheat straw (15.2 cm), black plastic, and plastic landscape fabric were evaluated during 1993 and 1994 in West Virginia for their effect on soil temperature, soil moisture, weed control, and yield in tomato. Shredded newspaper and wheat straw applied at 0, 2, 4, or 6 weeks after transplanting (WAT) and napropamide (2.1 kg ai/ha) plus metribuzin (0.28 kg ai/ha) applied at transplanting were evaluated during 1992 and 1993 in North Carolina for effect on weed control and tomato yield. Results from West Virginia indicated that shredded (7.6 cm) and chopped (7.6 cm) newspaper conserved moisture similar to higher application rates of the shredded material. Higher newspaper mulching rates reduced soil temperature compared to black plastic and bare ground. Chopped newspaper controlled weeds more consistently than other treatments. At least 7.6 cm of chopped newspaper mulch was required to control weeds at least 90%. Wheat straw was not as effective in controlling weeds as 7.6 cm or greater of newspaper mulch. Chopped newspaper provided higher tomato yields than shredded newspaper applied at the same rates. Mulches applied at 0, 2, or 4 WAT resulted in weed control similar to the chemical treatment. In North Carolina, mulches applied 2 or 4 WAT resulted in tomato yields similar to the chemical treatment. Shredded and chopped newspaper have potential as a mulching material but may vary in effect in different environments and vegetable crops.
- Published
- 1997
17. Cover Crop Response to Late-Season Planting and Nitrogen Application
- Author
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E. Rayburn, S. M. Poland, J. L. Hatton, C. D. Monks, Mark L. McFarland, and T. Basden
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Secale ,biology ,ved/biology ,ved/biology.organism_classification_rank.species ,Sowing ,Plant Science ,Horticulture ,biology.organism_classification ,Groundcover ,Manure ,Vicia villosa ,Agronomy ,Plant cover ,Hordeum vulgare ,Cover crop - Abstract
Cover crops aid in reducing precipitation runoff, soil erosion, and N losses in highly sloped, mountainous regions. Corn (Zea mays L.) producers in states with late spring warmup and early winters have limited success when planting cover crops following harvest. Studies were conducted from 1992 through 1995 in southern and northern West Virginia to evaluate the groundcover ability of several late-planted cover crops and their dry weight response to fall N application. In most years, vetch (Vicia villosa Roth cv. Common) and Austrian winter pea (Pisum sativum var. arvense L. Poir cv. Austrian winter) produced the least groundcover and dry matter of all species evaluated. Rye (Secale cereale L. 'Abruzzi' and 'Wheeler') was the most reliable and winter-hardy cover crop, regardless of location. Initial soil nitrate-N concentrations at planting averaged 12 ppm in soils with continuous corn-production and no history of manure application (southern experiment) and 40 ppm in soils with similar rotation and a history of manure application (northern experiment). Nitrogen application did not consistently increase the likelihood of cover crop survival, but increased dry matter for some cover crops on soils with low initial N levels. At the southern location, Abruzzi rye planted alone and common rye in combination with common vetch responded positively to additional N application in 3 out of 3 and 2 out of 3 yr, respectively. 'Pastar' rye (1992-1993), common rye (1993-1994), wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) (1994-1995), and barley (Hordeum vulgare L. 'Barsoy') (1994-1995) also responded positively to N application at the southern location. Cover crops did not respond to additional N application at the northern location on soils high in initial N fertility. Corn producers in mountainous, highly sloped land should consider methods for planting cover crops earlier to ensure plant survival and to protect soil during the winter.
- Published
- 1997
18. Comparison of Standard and Reduced Production Inputs on Cotton (Gossypium hirsutumL.)
- Author
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C. D. Monks, B. L. Freeman, B. E. Norris, and M. G. Patterson
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0106 biological sciences ,010602 entomology ,Agronomy ,040103 agronomy & agriculture ,0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries ,Production (economics) ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,Plant Science ,Biology ,01 natural sciences ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,Gossypium hirsutum - Abstract
Field trials were conducted from 1991 to 1993 in the northern cotton-producing area of Alabama to evaluate the interaction of various production inputs for pest management and cotton development, maturity, and yield. Two levels of tillage (conventional and no-till), herbicide (1.12 and 2.24 kg ai ha−1fluometuron, preemergence, with post-directed herbicides), insecticide (0.5 and 0.85 kg ai ha−1aldicarb, in-furrow), and fungicide (0.9 kg ai ha−1quintozene plus ethridazole, in-furrow or 0.14 kg ai ha−1metalaxyl, hopper-box) programs were evaluated. The inputs investigated did not interact significantly to change the overall production strategy. Prickly sida required a higher level of herbicide input than did the entireleaf/ivyleaf morningglory complex. Both species were sufficiently controlled using reduced levels of fluometuron without sacrificing yield; however, cultivation was necessary in conventional tillage treatments to maintain control. A postemergence-directed herbicide treatment was also necessary for weed control, regardless of tillage. Decreasing the levels of each input simultaneously did not interact to affect cotton stand, height, early-season thrips counts, cotton maturity, or yield. Cotton was shorter in no-till than conventional plots.
- Published
- 1996
19. Effect of Bensulfuron-Methyl on Cotton (Gossypium hirsutumL.) Growth and Development
- Author
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M. Pegues, M. G. Patterson, and C. D. Monks
- Subjects
Plant growth ,Horticulture ,Chemistry ,Bensulfuron methyl ,Botany ,Mepiquat chloride ,Plant Science ,Growth regulator ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,Gossypium hirsutum - Abstract
Field experiments were conducted in Alabama from 1992 through 1994 to evaluate the potential of the methyl ester of bensulfuron applied at sublethal rates as a plant growth regulator for reducing plant height and boll rot in cotton. Bensulfuron at 0.017 and 0.034 g ai/ha or mepiquat chloride at 10 g ai/ha was applied POST alone at the pinhead square or early-bloom stage of cotton growth or sequentially at 0.017 followed by (fb) 0.017 g/ha, 0.034 fb 0.034 g/ha of bensulfuron and 5 fb 5, 10 fb 10, 10 fb 20, or 20 fb 20 g/ha of mepiquat chloride. Mepiquat chloride had no effect on yield in 1992 and 1994 but decreased yield when applied sequentially in 1993. Bensulfuron was generally detrimental to first position fruit retention, and it delayed maturity. Treatments that reduced plant height did not reduce boll rot. Bensulfuron treatments that reduced plant height also reduced yield; therefore, the potential for its use as a growth regulator in cotton appears limited.
- Published
- 1996
20. Effect of AC 263,222, Imazethapyr, and Nicosulfuron on Weed Control and Imidazolinone-Tolerant Corn (Zea mays) Yield
- Author
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J. H. Hatton, J. S. Richburg, Michael G. Patterson, C. D. Monks, and John W. Wilcut
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,Ipomoea lacunosa ,biology ,Field corn ,Sowing ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,Plant Science ,Phytopharmacology ,biology.organism_classification ,01 natural sciences ,Ipomoea hederacea ,010602 entomology ,Agronomy ,040103 agronomy & agriculture ,0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries ,Senna obtusifolia ,Weed ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,Panicum - Abstract
Imidazolinone herbicides injure currently available commercial field corn cultivars; however, cultivars resistant to these herbicides have been developed. Sicklepod, Texas panicum, and annual morningglory control using AC 263,222 (36 and 72 g ai/ha), imazethapyr (36 and 72 g ai/ha), or nicosulfuron (35 g ai/ha) applied POST at 2, 4, and 6 wk after planting were evaluated in imidazolinone-tolerant corn. Studies were conducted at Attapulgus and Plains, Georgia from 1992 through 1993. Nicosulfuron and AC 263,222 at 72 g/ha controlled Texas panicum at least 87% when applied 2 wk after planting. Imazethapyr did not consistently control Texas panicum or sicklepod, regardless of application rate. AC 263,222 at both rates and nicosulfuron controlled sicklepod at least 86% when applied 2 wk after planting; however, later application or application under dry conditions generally resulted in reduced control. All herbicides controlled the entireleaf and pitted morningglory complex at least 84% when applied 2 wk after planting. Imidazolinone-tolerant corn was tolerant to all herbicides, regardless of rate and timing, and generally yielded greater when weeds were controlled early in the season. Nomenclature : AC 263,222, (±)-2-[4,5-dihydro-4-methyl-4-(1-methylethyl)-5-oxo-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-5-methyl- 3-pyridinecarboxylicacid ; imazethapyr, 2-[4,5 -dihydro-4-methyl-4-(1-methylethyl)-5-oxo-lH- imidazol-2-yl]-5-ethyl-3-pyridinecarboxylic acid; nicosulfuron, 2-[[[[(4,6-dimethoxy-2-pyrimidinyl)- amino]carbonyl]amino]sulfonyl]-N,N-dimethyl-3-pyridinecarboxamide; entireleaf morningglory, 1pomoea hederacea var. integriuscula Gray # 3 IPOHG; pitted morningglory, Ipomoea lacunosa L. # IPOLA; sicklepod, Senna obtusifolia (L.) Irwin and Barneby # CASOB; Texas panicum, Panicum texanum Buckl. # PANTE; corn, Zea mays L., 'Pioneer 33431R.'
- Published
- 1996
21. Broadleaf Weed Control in Soybean (Glycine max) with Chlorimuron plus Acifluorfen or Thifensulfuron Mixtures
- Author
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J. S. Richburg, C. D. Monks, and J. W. Wilcut
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,Ragweed ,biology ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,Plant Science ,Acifluorfen ,Weed control ,biology.organism_classification ,01 natural sciences ,food.food ,010602 entomology ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,food ,Agronomy ,chemistry ,Glycine ,040103 agronomy & agriculture ,Lambsquarters ,0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries ,Chemical control ,Agronomy and Crop Science - Abstract
Chlorimuron applied alone and in combination with acifluorfen or thifensulfuron was evaluated for POST control of common lambsquarters, common ragweed, common cocklebur, and a mixture of pitted, ivyleaf, entireleaf, and tall morningglory in soybean. Common cocklebur control was similar with thifensulfuron at 3 and 4 g ae ha−1and with chlorimuron at 7 and 9 g ae ha−1, Common ragweed and morningglory control was greater with chlorimuron while common lambsquarters control was greater with thifensulfuron. Control of all species was good with combinations of chlorimuron at 7 g ha−1plus thifensulfuron at 2 g ha−1or acifluorfen at 140 g ae ha−1and similar to or greater than the control with chlorimuron at 9 g ha−1. Soybean yields with all POST herbicide treatments were equivalent to that of the weed-free check.
- Published
- 1993
22. Filtering reaction dynamics using nearside-farside theory and local angular momentum theory: application to the angular scattering of the H + D2(v(i) = 0, j(i) = 0) --HD(v(f) = 3, j(f) = 0) + D reaction in the energy and time domains
- Author
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P D D, Monks, J N L, Connor, and F, Bouakline
- Abstract
We investigate methods for filtering reaction mechanisms in the angular scattering of the state-to-state reaction, H + D(2)(v(i) = 0, j(i) = 0, m(i) = 0) --HD(v(f) = 3, j(f) = 0, m(f) = 0) + D, where v(i), j(i), and m(i) and v(f), j(f), and m(f) are initial and final vibrational, rotational, and helicity quantum numbers, respectively. The input to our filtrations is a new set of accurate quantum scattering matrix elements for total energies in the range 1.52-2.50 eV (in steps of 0.01 eV) and for total angular momentum quantum numbers in the range, 0-40, in steps of unity. We filter reaction mechanisms in both the energy domain and the time domain. The time-domain calculations employ the plane wave packet formulation of time-dependent scattering. The theoretical tools used are nearside-farside (NF) analysis of partial wave series for scattering amplitudes, together with NF local angular momentum (LAM) theory. An energy-domain LAM analysis reveals the existence of an important dynamical feature in the N scattering, a "trench" which bisects the (energy, angle) plane. We use the location of this trench to approximately filter two reaction mechanisms. Transformation to the time domain demonstrates that the two reaction mechanisms correspond to direct and delayed (by about 25 fs) scattering. Further analysis, including filtration in the time domain, shows that the pronounced LAM trench arises from the interference of the energy-domain analogues of the time-direct and time-delayed scattering. Our theory and results provide the first successful demonstration of reaction mechanism filtering carried out directly in the (energy, angle) domain. The calculations and results in this paper extend and complement earlier research reported by Monks, Connor, and Althorpe (Monks, P. D. D.; Connor, J. N. L.; Althorpe, S. C. J. Phys. Chem. A 2006, 110, 741; J. Phys. Chem. A 2007, 111, 10302).
- Published
- 2009
23. Effects of Chlorimuron Applied Postemergence to Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum)
- Author
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T. Rayburn, Glenn Wehtje, Michael G. Patterson, and C. D. Monks
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,Plant growth ,medicine.drug_class ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,Plant Science ,Biology ,Pesticide ,01 natural sciences ,Sulfonylurea ,Gossypium hirsutum ,Cottonseed ,010602 entomology ,Agronomy ,040103 agronomy & agriculture ,medicine ,0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries ,Agronomy and Crop Science - Abstract
Chlorimuron applied postemergence at 2.2, 4.4, 8.8, 18, and 35 g ai/ha to cotton at either the 4-leaf, pinhead-square, first-bloom, or full-bloom growth stage was evaluated for potential as a plant growth regulator. Chlorimuron did not reduce boils per plant at any rate or time of application, but the proportion of open to closed boils decreased as rate increased. Seed cotton yields decreased with increasing chlorimuron rate and cotton age. The use of chlorimuron as a plant growth regulator for cotton appears limited. Nomenclature: Chlorimuron, 2-[[[[(4-chloro-6methoxy-2-pyrimidinyl)axniino]carbonyl]aniino]sulfonyl]benzoic acid; cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L. 'DPL 50' #3 GOSHI. Additional index words: Plant growth regulator, PGR, sulfonylurea, Gossypium hirsutum, GOSHI.
- Published
- 1990
24. Theory of time-dependent reactive scattering: cumulative time-evolving differential cross sections and nearside-farside analyses of time-dependent scattering amplitudes for the H + D2 --HD + D reaction
- Author
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Stuart C. Althorpe, P. D. D. Monks, and J. N. L. Connor
- Subjects
Angular momentum ,Series (mathematics) ,business.industry ,Scattering ,Chemistry ,Plane wave ,Scattering length ,Quantum number ,Scattering amplitude ,Optics ,Domain (ring theory) ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry ,Atomic physics ,business - Abstract
Nearside-farside (NF) theory, originally developed in the energy domain for the time-independent description of molecular collisions and chemical reactions, is applied to the plane wave packet (PWP) formulation of time-dependent scattering. The NF theory decomposes the partial wave series representation for the time-dependent PWP scattering amplitude into two time-dependent subamplitudes: one N, the other F. In addition, NF local angular momentum (LAM) theory is applied to the PWP scattering amplitude. The novel concept of a cumulative time-evolving differential cross section is introduced, in which the upper infinite time limit of a half-Fourier transform is replaced by a finite time. In a similar way, a cumulative energy-evolving angular distribution is defined. Application is made to the state-to-state reaction, H + D2(v(i) = 0, j(i) = 0) --> HD(v(f) = 3, j(f) = 0) + D, where v(i), j(i) and v(f), j(f) are vibrational and rotational quantum numbers for the initial and final states, respectively. This reaction exhibits time-direct and time-delayed (by about 25 fs) collision mechanisms. It is shown that the direct-time mechanism is N dominant scattering, whereas the time-delayed mechanism exhibits characteristics of NF interference. The NF and LAM theories provide valuable insights into the time-dependent properties of a reaction, as do snapshots from a movie of the cumulative time-evolving differential cross section.
- Published
- 2006
25. Essentials of Avian Medicine and Surgery - Edited by BH Coles
- Author
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D Monks
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,General Veterinary ,business.industry ,General surgery ,Physiology ,Medicine ,General Medicine ,business - Published
- 2008
26. Peritonsillar abscess
- Author
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D. Monks
- Subjects
General Dentistry - Published
- 2007
27. Local angular momentum–local impact parameter analysis: Derivation and properties of the fundamental identity, with applications to the F+H2, H+D2, and Cl+HCl chemical reactions
- Author
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P. D. D. Monks, J. N. L. Connor, and Chengkui Xiahou
- Subjects
Scattering amplitude ,Angular momentum ,Classical mechanics ,Chemistry ,Scattering ,Plane (geometry) ,Quantum mechanics ,General Physics and Astronomy ,Semiclassical physics ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry ,Impact parameter ,Legendre polynomials ,Complex plane - Abstract
The technique of local angular momentum-local impact parameter (LAM-LIP) analysis has recently been shown to provide valuable dynamical information on the angular scattering of chemical reactions under semiclassical conditions. The LAM-LIP technique exploits a nearside-farside (NF) decomposition of the scattering amplitude, which is assumed to be a Legendre partial wave series. In this paper, we derive the "fundamental NF LAM identity," which relates the full LAM to the NF LAMs (there is a similar identity for the LIP case). Two derivations are presented. The first uses complex variable techniques, while the second exploits an analogy between the motion of the scattering amplitude in the Argand plane with changing angle and the classical mechanical motion of a particle in a plane with changing time. Alternative forms of the fundamental LAM-LIP identity are described, one of which gives rise to a CLAM-CLIP plot, where CLAM denotes (Cross section) x LAM and CLIP denotes (Cross section) x LIP. Applications of the NF LAM theory, together with CLAM plots, are reported for state-to-state transitions of the benchmark reactions F+H2--FH+H, H+D2--HD+D, and Cl+HCl--ClH+Cl, using as input both numerical and parametrized scattering matrix elements. We use the fundamental LAM identity to explain the important empirical observation that a NF cross section analysis and a NF LAM analysis provide consistent (and complementary) information on the dynamics of chemical reactions.
- Published
- 2006
28. Nearside−Farside and Local Angular Momentum Analyses of Time-Independent Scattering Amplitudes for the H D2(vi0, ji0) → HD (vf3, jf0) D Reaction.
- Author
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P. D. D. Monks, J. N. L. Connor, and S. C. Althorpe
- Subjects
- *
ANGULAR momentum (Nuclear physics) , *SCATTERING (Physics) , *COLLISIONS (Nuclear physics) , *SCATTERING amplitude (Physics) - Abstract
The scattering dynamics of the state-to-state reaction H D2(vi0, ji0, mi0) → HD (vf3, jf0, mf0) D is investigated, where vi, ji, miand vf, jf, mfare initial and final vibrational, rotational, and helicity quantum numbers, respectively. We use accurate quantum scattering matrix elements for total energies in the range 1.52−2.50 eV (calculated stepwise in 0.01 eV increments). The theoretical tools used are a nearside−farside (NF) analysis of the partial wave series (PWS) for the scattering amplitude, together with NF local angular momentum (LAM) theory. We find that the backward scattering, which is the energy-domain analog of the time-direct reaction mechanism, is N dominated, whereas the forward scattering (time-delayed analog) is a result of NF interference between the more slowly varying N and F subamplitudes. The LAM analysis reveals the existence of a “trench−ridge” structure. We also resum the PWS up to three times prior to making the NF decomposition. We show that such resummations usually provide an improved physical interpretation of the NF differential cross sections (DCSs) and NF LAMs. We analyze two resummed scattering amplitudes in more detail, where particular values of the resummation parameters give rise to unexpected unphysical behavior in the N and F DCSs over a small angular range. We analyze the cause of this unphysical behavior and describe viable workarounds to the problem. The energy-domain calculations in this paper complement the time-domain results reported earlier by Monks, P. D. D.; Connor, J. N. L.; Althorpe, S. C. J. Phys. Chem. A2006, 110, 741. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2007
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29. Determination of iodide ion in impregnated charcoals by flow injection
- Author
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Colin G. Taylor, Duangjai Nacapricha, and Cheryl D. Monks
- Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification ,Detection limit ,Potassium iodate ,Aqueous solution ,Iodide ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Sulfuric acid ,Iodine ,Biochemistry ,Analytical Chemistry ,Iodide ion ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Electrochemistry ,medicine ,Environmental Chemistry ,Spectroscopy ,Activated carbon ,medicine.drug ,Nuclear chemistry - Abstract
A procedure for the determination of iodide in charcoals impregnated with potassium iodide is described. An aqueous extract is prepared and the iodide ion concentration in this extract (up to 4 × 10–3 mol dm–3) is determined by injection into a water stream that is merged with an aqueous solution containing potassium iodate and sulfuric acid, followed by absorptiometric measurement at 460 nm. The analysis is simple and rapid, with a limit of detection of 6 × 10–5 mol dm–3 iodide and a relative standard deviation (n= 10) of 1.2% for 1 × 10–3 mol dm–3 iodide. The procedure was used to measure the levels and the distribution of potassium iodide in impregnated charcoals. The flow method is discussed with reference to the chemistry of elementary iodine in aqueous solution.
- Published
- 1993
30. Biological Variation in Biochemistry Analytes in Laboratory Guinea Pigs ( Cavia porcellus ).
- Author
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Rossi G, Liu KF, Kershaw H, Riddell D, Hyndman TH, Monks D, and Musk GC
- Abstract
Biological variation (BV) describes the physiological random fluctuation around a homeostatic set point, which is a characteristic of all blood measurands (analytes). That variation may impact the clinical relevance of the changes that are observed in the serial results for an individual. Biological variation is represented mathematically by the coefficient of variation (CV) and occurs within each individual (CV
I ) and between individuals in a population (CVG ). Biological variation data can be used to assess whether population-based reference or subject-based reference intervals should be used for the interpretation of laboratory results through the calculation of the index of individuality (IoI). This study aimed to determine the biological variations, calculate the IoI and reference change values (RCV) of clinical chemistry analytes in an outbred strain colony of Hartley guinea pigs (GPs), and set the quality specifications for clinical chemistry analytes. Blood was collected from 16 healthy adult laboratory colony GPs via jugular venipuncture at weekly intervals over six weeks. All the samples were frozen and analyzed in a single run. Analytical, CVI , and CVG biological variations, together with the IoI and RCV, were calculated for each measurand. Based on the estimated BV, the calculated IoI was low for glucose, so individual reference intervals (RCV) should be used. The majority of the measurands should be interpreted using both population-based and subject-based reference intervals as the IoIs were intermediate.- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
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31. Using morphometrics to identify sex in the eastern blue-tongued skink (Tiliqua scincoides).
- Author
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Bird A, Monks D, and Hughes IP
- Subjects
- Male, Female, Humans, Animals, New South Wales, Queensland, Lizards
- Abstract
Introduction: Tiliqua scincoides coexists with human activity and is frequently presented for rehabilitation due to injury. The correct identification of sex is important as animals identified as female should be subject to a different decision-making matrix for rehabilitation. However, identification of sex is notoriously difficult in Tiliqua scincoides. We describe a reliable, safe and cost-effective morphometry-based method., Materials and Methods: Adult and sub-adult, wild Tiliqua scincoides dead on presentation or euthanased due to their presenting injuries were collected in South-East Queensland (SE Qld). Head-width to snout-vent length ratio (H:SV) and head-width to trunk length ratio (H:T) were measured and sex was defined at necropsy. Similar data were obtained from a previous study in Sydney, New South Wales (NSW). H:SV and H:T were assessed for accuracy of sex prediction by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC-ROC). Optimal cut-points were identified., Results: The AUC-ROC for the H:T test was for NSW adults, 0.99 (n = 29), NSW sub-adults, 0.95 (n = 10), Qld adults, 0.90 (n = 35) and Qld sub-adults, 0.79 (n = 25). In all cases, H:T was as good or superior to H:SV. H:T cut-points optimized for female sexing or both sexes ranged from 0.20 to 0.23 depending on State and adult status. Sensitivities and specificities of the test at suggested optimal cut-points ranged from 0.54 to 1.0., Conclusion: We describe how H:T can be used as an accurate method to determine sex in Tiliqua scincoides. However, it is more accurate in adults than sub-adults and more accurate in NSW skinks than in SE Qld skinks., (© 2023 Australian Veterinary Association.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Credible intervals and rankogram distributions.
- Author
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Singh PM, Borle A, and Monks D
- Subjects
- Humans, Bayes Theorem
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
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33. Efficacy of regional blocks or local anaesthetic infiltration for analgesia after caesarean delivery: a network meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.
- Author
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Singh NP, Monks D, Makkar JK, Palanisamy A, Sultan P, and Singh PM
- Subjects
- Bayes Theorem, Cesarean Section adverse effects, Female, Humans, Morphine therapeutic use, Network Meta-Analysis, Pain, Postoperative drug therapy, Pain, Postoperative etiology, Pain, Postoperative prevention & control, Pregnancy, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Analgesia adverse effects, Anesthetics, Local
- Abstract
Caesarean delivery is common and can cause severe postoperative pain but injection of local anaesthetic at various sites for regional blocks or local anaesthetic infiltration may reduce this. We aimed to compare and rank these sites. We searched PubMed, Google Scholar, EMBASE and CENTRAL to June 2021 for randomised controlled trials and performed a random-effects Bayesian model network meta-analysis. The primary outcome was dose of parenteral morphine equivalents in the first 24 postoperative hours. We used surface under cumulative ranking probabilities to order techniques. We analysed 114 trials (8730 participants). The ordered mean (95% credible interval) reduction in morphine equivalents, from 34 mg with placebo, were as follows: ilio-inguinal 15 (1-32) mg; ilio-inguinal-iliohypogastric 13 (6-19) mg; transversalis fascia 11 (4-26) mg; erector spinae 11 (10-32); transverse abdominis 9 (4-13) mg; wound catheter infusion 8 (2-15) mg; quadratus lumborum 8 (1-15) mg; wound infiltration 8 (2-13) mg; and no intervention -4 (-10 to 2) mg. Ordered efficacies for injection sites were different for other relevant outcomes, including pain (to 4-6 h and to 24 h) and time to rescue analgesia: there was no single preferred route of injection. The ordered mean (95% credible interval) reduction in dynamic pain scores (0-10 scale) at 24 h compared with placebo were as follows: wound infusion 1.2 (0.2-2.1); erector spinae 1.3 (-0.5 to 3.1); quadratus lumborum 1.0 (0.1-1.8); ilio-inguinal-iliohypogastric 0.6 (-0.5 to 1.8); transverse abdominis 0.6 (-0.1 to 1.2); wound infiltration 0.5 (-0.3 to 1.3); transversalis fascia -0.8 (-3.4 to 1.9); ilio-inguinal -0.9 (-3.6 to 1.7); and no intervention -0.8 (-1.8 to 0.2). We categorised our confidence in effect sizes as low or very low., (© 2021 Association of Anaesthetists.)
- Published
- 2022
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34. The analgesic efficacy of quadratus lumborum block in caesarean delivery: a meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis.
- Author
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Singh NP, Makkar JK, Borle A, Monks D, Goudra BG, Zorrilla-Vaca A, and Singh PM
- Subjects
- Anesthetics, Local, Cesarean Section, Female, Humans, Morphine, Pregnancy, Nerve Block, Pain, Postoperative drug therapy, Pain, Postoperative prevention & control
- Abstract
Purpose: Quadratus lumborum block (QLB) has recently gained popularity for postoperative analgesia after cesarean delivery (CD) as it provides both visceral and somato-sensory blockade of the abdomen. Aim of this meta-analysis was to evaluate the analgesic potential of QLB after CD., Methods: Electronic database from inception to December 2019 was searched systematically for randomized-controlled trials comparing QLB with injection of inactive solution in women undergoing CD. Primary outcome was consumption of morphine at 24 h. Morphine consumption at 48 h, dynamic and static pain scores at various time intervals were the secondary outcomes studied., Results: Seven trials met the inclusion criteria. Morphine consumption was reduced significantly with QLB in comparison to sham or no block at 24 h (mean difference [MD] - 9.84 mg; 95% confidence interval [CI] - 18.16, - 0.50; p = 0.04; I
2 = zero). Adequate "information size" for above outcome was confirmed with trial sequential analysis, ruling out any possibility of a false-positive result. QLB significantly reduced pain scores at rest (MD - 1.13; 95% CI - 1.75, - 0.56; p = 0.00) and on movement (MD - 1.48; 95% CI - 2.5, - 0.46; p = 0.01) at 6 h. However, statistically significant difference in pain scores persisted only for dynamic pain at 24 h (MD - 0.55; 95% CI - 1.04, - 0.06; p = 0.03). QLB does not provide any additional analgesic benefit to the parturient receiving intrathecal morphine., Conclusion: QLB significantly reduces opioid requirements in CD and may have analgesic effects lasting 24 h.- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Spillover of avian haemosporidian parasites (Haemosporidia: Plasmodium) and death of captive psittacine species.
- Author
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Verwey JK, Peters A, Monks D, and Raidal SR
- Subjects
- Animals, Animals, Zoo parasitology, Autopsy veterinary, Bird Diseases pathology, Fatal Outcome, Malaria parasitology, Malaria pathology, Parrots, Queensland, Bird Diseases parasitology, Cockatoos parasitology, Malaria veterinary, Plasmodium isolation & purification
- Abstract
Case Report: During February 2014, a yellow-tailed black cockatoo (Calyptorhynchus funereus) and glossy black cockatoo (C. lathami) housed in aviaries on a property in Wamuran, Queensland, were submitted for postmortem. Histopathology and molecular diagnostics demonstrated the presence of Plasmodium sp. infection. The Plasmodium isolate identified has previously only been reported as infecting a healthy wild rufous fantail (Rhipidura rufifrons) in Australia., Conclusion: To the authors' knowledge, these are the first reported cases of Plasmodium in Calyptorhynchus. We hypothesised that the maintenance of these two cockatoo species in ground level aviaries in a low-altitude geographic zone resulted in exposure of birds to mosquito vectors of endemic avian Plasmodium. Black cockatoos roost and forage in the mid to high canopy of forests in the wild, outside the likely spatiotemporal distribution of relevant haemosporidian vectors. It is therefore likely that these birds had immunological naivety and susceptibility to infection with Plasmodium circulating in wild passerines., (© 2018 Australian Veterinary Association.)
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
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36. Postoperative Imaging Findings Associated with Transpalpebral Craniotomy Approach to Anterior Cranial Fossa.
- Author
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Monks D, Weyer A, Thurlow P, Aziz K, Happ E, and Goldberg M
- Abstract
Background and Purpose The transpalpebral "eyelid" approach is a novel alternative to the traditional ciliary or supraciliary incision for supraorbital frontal craniotomy and access to the anterior cranial fossa. Though a prior publication from our institution has described the surgical approach in detail along with cosmetic and clinical outcomes, postoperative imaging findings have not yet been described. As this surgical technique becomes more widely practiced, it is essential for neuroradiologists, oculoplastic surgeons, and skull base neurosurgeons to be familiar with the expected postoperative imaging findings, especially those that prompt subsequent intervention. Materials and Methods A retrospective, institutional review board approved review was performed of 102 patients who underwent transpalpebral surgical approach at Allegheny General Hospital from June 2007 through May 2015. Operative reports, pathology reports, preoperative imaging, postoperative imaging, and postoperative clinical documentation were reviewed. Results Forty-nine percent of patients had solely benign expected postoperative imaging findings, 37% had various atypical findings not requiring further intervention (most commonly asymmetric globe protrusion and bone cement in a paranasal sinus), 6% had findings prompting minimally invasive bedside procedures (most commonly pseudomeningocele), and 8% had findings requiring surgical intervention. Conclusion The majority of imaging following the transpalpebral approach showed typical, benign findings, such as minimal pneumocephalus and asymmetric globe protrusion. Nonetheless, members of the clinical team should be aware of the small number of findings requiring intervention, especially pseudomeningocele.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
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37. Spending an Evening in the Dark: The Radiology Medical Student Call Experience.
- Author
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Monks D, Pagano B, and Hartman M
- Subjects
- Career Choice, Curriculum, Female, Humans, Male, Surveys and Questionnaires, Young Adult, After-Hours Care, Radiology education, Students, Medical psychology
- Abstract
The level of independent decision-making required of a radiology resident, as well as the acuity of studies populating the worklist, differ between the normal workday and a call shift. However, unlike clerkships where call is standard, medical students in radiology typically only have half of the true resident experience. To expose our rotating medical students to what a future career in radiology might actually look like, we implemented a required call shift as part of our medical student curriculum. All rotating third- and fourth-year medical students were assigned a single 3-hour short call shift alongside a radiology resident during the final week of their rotation. Following this shift, students answered questions via anonymous online survey regarding their perceptions of radiology (primary end point) as well as workload and role of radiology in the clinical care of patients (secondary end points). Following medical student call, 63% of students reported a more positive view of radiology as a career. Additionally, 57% felt that radiology residents work as much or more than other specialties while one call, and several students identified communication issues regarding indications or appropriateness of studies. While we hope that this overwhelmingly positive experience will draw more students into radiology as a career, we also believe that many participating medical students will benefit from a greater understanding of what a radiologist׳s job entails, as well as how this may be affected by communication issues or increased utilization of imaging., (Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
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38. Age Adjusted D-Dimer for exclusion of Pulmonary Embolism: a retrospective cohort study.
- Author
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Monks D, Neill A, Barton D, Moughty A, McFeely A, Timmons A, Hatton S, and McMorrow D
- Subjects
- Age Factors, Biomarkers blood, Computed Tomography Angiography statistics & numerical data, Emergency Service, Hospital statistics & numerical data, False Positive Reactions, Humans, Pulmonary Embolism blood, Pulmonary Embolism diagnostic imaging, Retrospective Studies, Sensitivity and Specificity, Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products analysis, Pulmonary Embolism diagnosis
- Abstract
D-Dimer (DD) will increase with age and recent studies have shown the upper limit of normal can be raised in those who are low risk and over 50. We studied age adjusted D-dimer (AADD) levels to assess whether pulmonary embolism (PE) could be safely excluded. This study analysed the Emergency Department (ED) Computed Tomographic Pulmonary Angiography (CTPA) requests. There were 756 requests. The parameters studied were; age, DD value, calculated AADD, CT result and Simplified Geneva Score (SGS). The primary outcome was the diagnostic performance of AADD. One hundred and eighty-five patients were included in the final cohort. Twenty-one patients had a negative DD after age adjustment. Of these one had a PE, corresponding to a failure rate of 4.76% (1 in 22). The sensitivity of AADD was 0.96 (95% CI 0.76 to 0.99) and its specificity was 0.12 (95% CI 0.08- 0.19). AADD demonstrated a reduction in false positives with one false negative, giving rise to a failure rate higher than that of other larger studies. Further study is indicated to accurately define the diagnostic characteristics for the Irish context.
- Published
- 2017
39. The PETRA (Perinatal Emergency Team Response Assessment) Scale: A High-Fidelity Simulation Validation Study.
- Author
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Balki M, Hoppe D, Monks D, Sharples L, Cooke ME, Tsen L, and Windrim R
- Subjects
- Adult, Emergencies, Female, Humans, Pregnancy, Video Recording, High Fidelity Simulation Training, Interdisciplinary Communication, Patient Care Team, Program Evaluation methods, Program Evaluation standards
- Abstract
Objective: The objective of this study was to establish the validity and reliability of a new interdisciplinary teamwork assessment scale, the Perinatal Emergency Team Response Assessment (PETRA), to assess team dynamics during a simulated obstetric crisis., Methods: This observational cohort study was conducted using high-fidelity simulation and multidisciplinary obstetric teams in order to evaluate the validity and reliability of the previously developed PETRA scale for the assessment of teamwork in the management of obstetric crises. Two high-fidelity simulations of preeclampsia and postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) were conducted 50 times; 42 were performed by multidisciplinary teams and eight (four "good," four "poor") were performed by actors. Five raters used the PETRA tool to assess the simulation video recordings. Three additional raters assessed each performance without the use of PETRA as "good" or "poor" in order to provide an overall rating (referred to as the standardized score). The primary outcome measure was the PETRA score. Cronbach's alpha and intra-class correlation coefficients (2,1) with 95% CIs were calculated to examine internal consistency of the scale and level of agreement among raters, respectively. Construct validity was established by comparing the assessments of the raters with the standardized scores. Generalizability theory analysis was performed to demonstrate PETRA's reliability and to investigate the sources of variation in scores., Results: The simulated emergencies were performed by 119 participants. There was overall high consistency (Cronbach's alpha [95% CI] 0.984 [0.981 to 0.987]) and moderate agreement (intra-class correlation coefficients [95% CI] 0.49 [0.35 to 0.63]) among raters. Significantly higher PETRA scores (mean [standard deviation]) were recorded with "good" versus "poor" performing teams (real scenarios 3.8 [0.7] vs. 2.9 [0.7]; P < 0.001; acted scenarios 4.7 [0.5] vs. 2.2 [0.7]; P < 0.001), suggesting strong construct validity. The overall PETRA scores were not different between the PPH (3.7 [0.7]) and preeclampsia (3.7 [0.8]) scenarios (P = 0.49). Generalizability coefficients were 0.83 for PPH and 0.76 for preeclampsia., Conclusion: PETRA is a valid and reliable scale that may be a valuable tool in the assessment and training of multidisciplinary teams in their management of obstetric crises., (Copyright © 2017 The Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada/La Société des obstétriciens et gynécologues du Canada. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Multidisciplinary Delphi Development of a Scale to Evaluate Team Function in Obstetric Emergencies: The PETRA Scale.
- Author
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Balki M, Hoppe D, Monks D, Cooke ME, Sharples L, and Windrim R
- Subjects
- Delphi Technique, Emergencies, Female, Health Services Research methods, Humans, Obstetric Labor Complications surgery, Pregnancy, Prospective Studies, Interdisciplinary Communication, Obstetric Surgical Procedures standards, Patient Care Team standards
- Abstract
Objective: The objective of this study was to develop a new interdisciplinary teamwork scale, the Perinatal Emergency: Team Response Assessment (PETRA), for the management of obstetric crises, through consensus agreement of obstetric caregivers., Methods: This prospective study was performed using expert consensus, based on a Delphi method. The study investigators developed a new PETRA tool, specifically related to obstetric crisis management, based on the existing literature and discussions among themselves. The scale was distributed to a selected panel of experts in the field for the Delphi process. After each round of Delphi, every component of the scale was analyzed quantitatively by the percentage of agreement ratings and each comment reviewed by the blinded investigators. The assessment scale was then modified, with components of less than 80% agreement removed from the scale. The process was repeated on three occasions to reach a consensus and final PETRA scale., Results: Fourteen of 24 invited experts participated in the Delphi process. The original PETRA scale included six categories and 48 items, one global scale item, and a 3-point rubric for rating. The overall percentage agreement by experts in the first, second, and third rounds was 95.0%, 93.2%, and 98.5%, respectively. The final scale after the third round of Delphi consisted of the following seven categories: shared mental model, communication, situational awareness, leadership, followership, workload management, and positive/effective behaviours and attitudes. There were 34 individual items within these categories, each with a 5-point rating rubric (1 = unacceptable to 5 = perfect)., Conclusion: Using a structured Delphi method, we established the face and content validity of this assessment scale that focuses on important aspects of interdisciplinary teamwork in the management of obstetric crises., (Copyright © 2017 The Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada/La Société des obstétriciens et gynécologues du Canada. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Peritonsillar abscess.
- Author
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Monks D
- Subjects
- Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Peritonsillar Abscess diagnosis
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Ixodes frontalis and avian tick-related syndrome in the United Kingdom.
- Author
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Monks D, Fisher M, and Forbes NA
- Subjects
- Animals, Animals, Domestic, Animals, Wild, Babesia isolation & purification, Bartonella isolation & purification, Bird Diseases prevention & control, Birds, Borrelia burgdorferi Group isolation & purification, DNA, Bacterial analysis, DNA, Protozoan analysis, Ehrlichia isolation & purification, Risk Factors, Seasons, Tick Infestations epidemiology, Tick Infestations prevention & control, Tick-Borne Diseases epidemiology, Tick-Borne Diseases prevention & control, United Kingdom epidemiology, Bird Diseases epidemiology, Ixodes microbiology, Ixodes parasitology, Tick Infestations veterinary, Tick-Borne Diseases veterinary
- Abstract
Objectives: This study aimed to characterise tick species responsible for avian tick infestations in the UK, to analyse various risk factors for tick-related syndrome in tick-infested birds and to test samples for the presence of certain tick-transmitted pathogens., Methods: Ticks, blood, splenic tissue and tick attachment site tissue from birds with attached ticks were requested from veterinarians and wildlife sanctuaries around the UK. Ticks were identified according to standard keys, and samples were analysed via DNA PCR test for Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, Babesia species, Bartonella species and Ehrlichia species., Results: Ixodes frontalis was the most commonly identified tick, and an association of adult female I frontalis with tick-related syndrome in birds was demonstrated. Tick infestation was markedly seasonal. I frontalis was found on 32 species of birds. DNA PCR testing was uniformly negative. Of the birds known to have been treated, 75 per cent (nine of 12) survived., Clinical Significance: Tick-related syndrome is a poorly understood syndrome, with sporadic distribution, both geographically and seasonally. This study confirms I frontalis as the most common cause of this syndrome in the UK and identifies some features of the tick life cycle in this country. The benefit of treatment in affected birds is highlighted. Risk factors for tick-related syndrome are examined and preventive strategies discussed.
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Airsac cystadenocarcinomas in cockatoos.
- Author
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Raidal SR, Shearer PL, Butler R, and Monks D
- Subjects
- Animals, Cystadenocarcinoma pathology, Fatal Outcome, Female, Immunohistochemistry veterinary, Male, Neoplasm Metastasis, Respiratory Tract Neoplasms pathology, Air Sacs pathology, Bird Diseases pathology, Cockatoos, Cystadenocarcinoma veterinary, Respiratory Tract Neoplasms veterinary
- Abstract
The clinical signs, radiographic and pathological findings of four histologically similar neoplasms that occurred as unilateral tumours projecting from the left axilla in three galahs (Eolophus roseicapillus) and one sulphur-crested cockatoo (Cacatua galerita) are described. In each case, the main reason for clinical presentation was respiratory distress. All cases were eventually fatal due to airway obstruction with evidence of extensive neoplastic invasion of the lungs, major airways and or humerus in all cases. A diagnosis of airsac cystadenocarcinoma was made in each bird on the basis of gross and histological appearance. The neoplasms were composed of fluid or air-filled sacs of proliferative cuboidal to squamous epithelial cells that stained positively with cytokeratin and negatively with vimentin. This was supported by a thin fibrovascular network although at least some areas in all four birds resembled airsac tissue. In some cases areas of haemorrhage, erythrophagocytosis, haemosiderosis and nodules of haemosiderophage infiltration with acicular cholesterol clefts were present in some parts of the sectioned tissue.
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Bird tick survey.
- Author
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Forbes N, Fisher M, and Monks D
- Subjects
- Animals, Bird Diseases diagnosis, Bird Diseases parasitology, Birds parasitology, Specimen Handling, Tick Infestations veterinary, Ticks parasitology
- Published
- 2003
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