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Made available in DSpace on 2022-05-01T12:56:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2022-05-01 Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) This study aimed to evaluate salivary, serum, and abomasal mucus IgA levels in lambs naturally infected with Haemonchus contortus. Thirty-seven crossbred lambs (½ Texel or ½ Ile de France) with an average age of 193 days were evaluated for 56 days after grazing on a contaminated pasture. Fecal samples were collected every 7 days to evaluate the EPG. Blood and saliva samples were collected for IgA measurement every 14 days. On D56, 29 animals were killed for parasite counting and IgA quantification in the abomasal mucus. Salivary, serum, and abomasal mucus IgA were measured by ELISA using third-stage larvae antigens. Salivary and mucus IgA were not correlated, but D14 salivary IgA correlated with EPG on D28 (r = −0.37) and D56 (r = −0.36); D28 salivary IgA correlated with D49 (r = −0.40) and D56 EPG (r = −0.44). Abomasal mucus IgA negatively correlated with EPG from D28 to D56 (r varied from _0.51 to −0.62) and with the counts of all parasitic stages (−0.60 to −0.67). The lambs were classified as susceptible (S) or resistant (R) according to EPG (D56 EPG and cumulative EPG) or IgA (salivary, serum, and mucus IgA). Based on D56 EPG and cumulative EPG, resistant lambs had higher D14 salivary IgA, mucus IgA, and total worm counts. For evaluations based on IgA levels, the EPG of S and R animals differed, indicating that IgA was an immune correlate of protection against natural infection with Haemonchus sp., mainly in the saliva sample of D14. Graduate Program in Animal Science School of Medicine and Life Sciences Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná (PUCPR) Veterinary Medicine School of Life Sciences Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná (PUCPR) Imunova Análises Biológicas LTDA Graduate Program in Microbiology Parasitology and Pathology Federal University of Paraná (UFPR) Institute of Biosciences UNESP–São Paulo State University, R. Prof. Dr. Antônio Celso Wagner Zanin, 250 Institute of Biosciences UNESP–São Paulo State University, R. Prof. Dr. Antônio Celso Wagner Zanin, 250

Tannins can modulate rumen fermentation and increase the bypass protein; however, the use of different doses and sources of condensed tannins (CT) in animal diets has divergent results. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different levels of dietary quebracho extract inclusion, as a CT source, in the performance and carcass characteristics of growing lambs. Forty-eight weaned lambs (Texel, Suffolk, and Hampshire Down crossbred) were homogenously blocked into four groups and supplemented at 0, 10, 30, and 60 g tannins/kg dry matter intake (DMI) (CONT, T1%, T3%, and T6%, respectively). The DMI, the roughage to concentrate ratio, the feed conversion rate (FCR), the average daily gain (ADG), and the body condition score (BCS) were evaluated. After the trial, animals were slaughtered, and the cold carcass weight, carcass yield, and subcutaneous fat thickness (SFT) were determined. Higher levels of CT in T3% and T6% reduced (P 0.001) the total DMI and intake of concentrate without impacting (P = 0.071) the roughage intake (% body weight). ADG was the lowest for T6%, although the total weight gain and BCS were the lowest also for T3% (P 0.001). FCR was worst for T6% (P 0.001). Regarding carcass characteristics, T6% had the lowest weight of carcass (P = 0.003) and SFT (P = 0.021) compared to CONT. Carcass yields were similar among all the groups (P = 0.247). T1% did not differ from CONT to any parameter (P 0.05). Supplementing quebracho CT at a low dose did not show beneficial effects; moreover, higher doses of CT led to detrimental effects in intake and animal performance.

The physicochemical quality parameters of meat from finishing lambs supplemented with quebracho tannin extract (QTE) were evaluated. Lambs were assigned to four treatment groups: CON—animals fed basal diet (BD); QTE 1% (T1%)—BD + tannins at 1% dry matter intake (DMI); QTE 3% (T3%)—BD + tannins at 3% DMI; and QTE 6% (T6%)—BD + tannins at 6% DMI. Longissimus thoracis et lumborum samples were vacuum packaged and stored at 4 °C for 28 days. The samples were evaluated weekly for proximate composition, pH, color, myoglobin forms, cooking loss, shear force, lipid (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances—TBARS), and protein (carbonyl and thiol) oxidation. Chemical composition and pH did not vary among treatments. The meat from lambs fed with higher proportion of QTE (T6%) presented lower redness, chroma, and oxymyoglobin content, and higher yellowness, hue angle, cooking loss, shear force, TBARS, and carbonyl content than the meat from the other groups. Our findings indicate that higher dose of QTE may exert pro-oxidative effects in lamb meat, negatively affecting its quality.

Teladorsagia circumcincta is the dominant nematode of sheep in cool, temperate climates. Faecal nematode egg counts (FEC) are widely used to identify the intensity of infection and as a measure of host resistance to nematodes. However due to density-dependent effects on worm fecundity the relationship between FEC and worm burden is not linear. In addition collecting FEC data is challenging on a practical level and there is a need for more reliable markers of resistance. There are two major known mechanisms of immunity to T. circumcincta: IgE against third stage larvae (L3) and IgA against fourth stage larvae (L4), which inhibits parasite growth. In this study salivary IgA responses were measured in over 5000 animals against L3 antigen by Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Antigen-specific IgA levels were negatively correlated with FEC (r=−0.26, SE = 0.02) and were heritable (h2 = 0.16, SE = 0.04) indicating that they can be used to identify resistant animals suitable for inclusion in selective breeding programs. Antigen-specific IgA responses were not negatively correlated with muscle depth. Our analyses indicate that selection for T. circumcincta L3 antigen-specific IgA is possible without impacting on the production traits for the Lleyn breed.

The aim of this research was to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of the FAMACHA© (F©) system in Morada Nova ewes. The conjunctivae of 562 ewes were evaluated using the F© system. Packed cell volume (PCV) served as the gold standard for clinical F© evaluation. To calculate the sensitivity and specificity of the F© system, different criteria were adopted: animals classified as (I) F© 4 and 5 or (II) 3, 4, and 5 were considered to be anemic and animals classified as (I) F© 1, 2, and 3, or (II) 1 and 2 were considered to be non-anemic. Three standard values of PCV, namely, ≤ 19%, ≤ 18%, or ≤ 15%, were used to confirm anemia. The percentage of correct treatments was always high when the F© values 4 and 5 were used as criteria for positive tests. For all the PCV cut-off values, more animals were classified as false positives when evaluated using F© 3, 4, and 5 as criteria for a positive test and more true negative animals when evaluated using only F© 4 and 5 as criteria for a positive test. For both sets of criteria for the positive tests, few animals were classified as false negatives and true positives. Eliminating the classification of F© 3 as anemic decreased the sensitivity and increased the specificity for all the PCV cut-off values for the ewes. The F© system can be used as a reliable alternative to reduce selection pressure for anthelmintics in relation to routine non-selective blanket treatment for worm control in the Morada Nova ewes.

Targeted selective treatment (TST) aims to aid in the control of gastrointestinal nematodes in small ruminants, identifying animals that require treatment with the purpose of preserving the Refugia population and delaying the buildup of anthelmintic (AH) resistance. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of both productive and clinical indicators in the selective treatment of gastrointestinal parasites in growing lambs. Two experiments were carried out between 2015 and 2016. Experiment 1: lambs (n = 70) exclusively raised on pasture were evaluated from the ages of 60 days to 180 days old. Experiment 2: lambs (n = 48) raised on pasture and fed concentrated commercial supplementation were evaluated from the ages of 60 days to 150 days old. Parasitological (eggs per gram of feces - EPG), productive (average daily weight gain - DWG), and clinical (hematocrit - Ht and FAMACHA© system - F) parameters were measured every 14 days. The lambs were divided into 4 experimental groups with different criteria for AH treatment: the control group (CG), was treated with AH every 30 days; the FAMACHA© group (FG), in which lambs classified as F3, F4, and F5 were treated with AH; Daily weight gain group (DWGG), in which lambs with average DWG ≤ the average DWG of the CG minus one standard deviation were treated with AH; FAMACHA© + daily weight gain group (FDWGG), in which lambs classified as F3, F4 and F5 and/or lambs with average DWG ≤ the average DWG of the CG minus one standard deviation were treated with AH. In experiment 1, no significant differences in the general means of DWG and Ht (p > 0.05) were observed between experimental groups, although the lowest mean EPG was observed in the CG (p 0.05) to the DWGG (151.8 g). In both experiments, considering the total mean number of AH treatments, FG had the lowest number of lambs treated with AH (p 0.05). Even when Haemonchus is the major parasite, it is not recommended to use the FAMACHA© system as an exclusive criterion for TST in growing lambs. The DWG productive criterion can be used effectively in the TST of growing lambs.

Soybean meal and poultry offal meal are protein ingredients commonly used in the formulation of commercial diets for dogs. However, there remains great variability in the data on the digestibility of each protein source. This systematic review study aimed to examine the intake, apparent nutrient digestibility coefficients and fecal output of protein sources (soybean meal and poultry offal meal) in adult dog food as reported in published studies. The article search was conducted in August 2018 in the PUBMED, SciELO, Science Direct and AGRIS indexing databases. The literature search was performed using "digestibility", "source protein" and "dog" as the main key terms combined with sub-terms to broaden the scope of the search. Criteria were defined for readability, exclusion and inclusion of articles. Results were organized in groups according to the search in the indexing databases, totaling 1,414 articles. After the works were selected following the inclusion criteria, 17 articles were evaluated in this review. According to most studies, plant-based ingredients have a less variable nutritional composition than animal-derived ingredients and poultry offal meal increases the digestibility coefficients of nutrients and energy and reduces fecal dry matter production. Factors inherent to raw-material origin, ingredient and food processing, as well as the high heterogeneity of the methodologies evaluated in the studies are directly related to the obtained results. To ensure a more accurate evaluation of the quality and of effects on the digestibility of protein sources, we recommended that articles include ingredient processing data and that the variables be evaluated under standardized study conditions.

In this study, a three-step experiment was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of orange essential oil (OEO) to reduce the severity of parasitic infection in lambs naturally infected with gastrointestinal parasites. In the first and second stages of the experiment, the lambs were distributed in groups (n = 10): without treatment (control), treated with levamisole (7.5 mg/kg), and treated either with 200, 300 or 400 mg/kg OEO in the first stage and with two doses of 300 or 350 mg/kg each of OEO with a six-hour interval in the second stage. In the third stage of the experiment, 20 lambs were distributed into control and treated groups (two doses of 350 mg/kg OEO) and slaughtered for determining the parasite count in the abomasum and small intestine. Evaluations were performed on D0, D3, D7, D10, and D14 by determining the egg count per gram of feces (EPG), and the percentage of EPG reduction was calculated in comparison to D0. Coproculture was performed on days D0 and D14 of the first and second stages of the study. In the first stage, the EPG increased by 20.90 and 100.99% and decreased by 5.54% on D14 in the groups treated with 200, 300, or 400 mg/kg OEO, respectively. At the second stage, the EPG of the OEO groups decreased by more than 96% on D3, but on D14 was decreased by 0.82% and 77.07% in the 2 × 300 and 2 × 350 mg/kg groups, respectively. Haemonchus sp. was the highest percentage of collected larvae in all coproculture tests, ranging from 90 to 100%. In the third stage, there was no difference (P > 0.05) in the mean number of parasites between the OEO groups and the control. Although the decrease in EPG of more than 96% on D3 did not persist in the other evaluations, and immature forms and adult parasites were collected at slaughter, the EPG reduction of 77.07% on D14 with the dose of 700 mg/kg (OEO2 × 350) suggests that OEO can help to reduce the severity of parasitic infection and, consequently, to diminish pastures contamination, when used together with other methods to control gastrointestinal parasites in sheep.

Background: A broad spectrum of medicinal plants are used to treat livestock in rural areas of Brazil. The knowledge brought by the first European colonizers merged with traditional indigenous knowledge to treat domestic animals. With the advance of modern medicine, this knowledge is threatened to disappear. Ethnopharmacological studies in northeastern and the Amazon region of Brazil have been conducted, but influence of east Europeans and ethnopharmacological studies in south Brazil are scarce. To find out which plants are used for what purposes by farmers in the rural area of Ukrainian colonization of Palmital, middle west of Paraná state, Brazil. Methods: A semi-structured interview was applied through a non-random sampling with residents with experience in animal husbandry following the “snowball” method. The collected information regarded local plant names, parts of plants used, mode of preparation, route of administration, domestic species and disease treated. The interviewees were encouraged to show the plants used. Photographs were taken and specimen were collected for the family, genus, species identification and storage. The ethnobotanical methods of the informant consensus factor (ICF) and use value (UV) were applied and calculated. Results: 30 women and 20 men reported a total of 45 plant species belonging to 29 families to be used for ethnoveterinary practices. Medicinal plants were used mostly with cattle and goats for 12 different general veterinary uses, with the highest ICF for mastitis and for antiparasitic. Conclusion: A list of native and introduced medicinal plants could be generated. Most plants were used to treat cattle health problems, as the most important livestock species bred in the community. Similar studies with European communities of immigrants in Brazil are unknown and could be a valuable source of information of how cultural blends translate themselves in the use of medicinal plants.

With the objective to determine the best mathematical model that could demonstrate the relationship between body weight and age in crossbred sheep, and to evaluate its applicability in different farms, 9985 live weight records of 837 crossbred lambs of Texel, Ile de France, Suffolk, and Hampshire Down breeds were used. Brody, von Bertalanffy, Richards, Logistic, and Gompertz models were fitted to the weight data, which were compared based on adjusted R2, Syx%, chi-square, and Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests, as well as residual analysis. After selecting the model, lambs whose weights at different ages fell within, below, or above ±20% of the values predicted by the model were classified as medium, low, or high performance, respectively. To validate the model, we used a validation dataset comprising 2898 weights of lambs from 6 different farms. Based on statistical analysis and biological characteristics (sigmoid trend of weight over time, weight at birth, and standard deviation), the model that best represented the growth of the lambs was the Richards model. The percentage of lambs classified as below, within, and above the predicted values based on the model was highly similar for the original and validation data, which indicates that this model could be used in different farms. It was concluded that the Richards model best described the live weight growth of crossbred lambs and aided in classifying the lambs as high, medium, or low performance, thereby providing a complementary tool in management decision-making.

University students represent a group that is at high risk of stress and even suicide. The present study aimed to investigate the profiles and stress levels of undergraduate students enrolled in health sciences courses at a Brazilian university, and how their health and academic performance are affected. A total of 431 students participated, of which 30% were not stressed, 2.5% were in the alert phase, 38.7% were in the resistance phase, and 28.8% were almost exhausted. Stress levels were related to gender (p = 0.0005), course (p = 0.004), and semester; higher levels of stress negatively influenced students’ academic performance (p = 0.019), socialization (p = 0.020), relationship with the university (p = 0.019), learning (p < 0.0001), sleep (p < 0.0001), and perceived health (p < 0.001). The present study provides evidence regarding the stress levels of health sciences undergraduate students in Brazil, as well as its negative effect on health status and academic performance. It is suggested that further studies should be conducted specially to investigating strategies for students’ stress control in the university environment. Los estudiantes universitarios representan un grupo que está en alto riesgo de estrés e incluso de suicidio. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo investigar los perfiles y niveles de estrés de estudiantes de pregrado matriculados en cursos de ciencias de la salud en una universidad brasileña, y cómo se ven afectados su salud y su rendimiento académico. Participaron un total de 431 alumnos, de los cuales el 30% no estaban estresados, el 2,5% estaban en fase de alerta, el 38,7% en fase de resistencia y el 28,8% casi agotados. Los niveles de estrés se relacionaron con el género (p = 0,0005), el curso (p = 0,004) y el semestre; niveles más altos de estrés influyeron negativamente en el rendimiento académico de los estudiantes (p = 0,019), la socialización (p = 0,020), la relación con la universidad (p = 0,019), el aprendizaje (p < 0,0001), el sueño (p < 0,0001) y la salud percibida (p < 0,001). El presente estudio aporta evidencias sobre los niveles de estrés de los estudiantes de licenciatura en ciencias de la salud en Brasil, así como su efecto negativo sobre el estado de salud y el rendimiento académico. Se sugiere que se realicen más estudios especialmente para investigar estrategias para el control del estrés de los estudiantes en el ámbito universitario. Os estudantes universitários representam um grupo com alto risco de estresse e até suicídio. O presente estudo teve como objetivo investigar os perfis e níveis de estresse de estudantes de graduação matriculados em cursos de ciências da saúde de uma universidade brasileira e como sua saúde e desempenho acadêmico são afetados. Participaram 431 alunos, dos quais 30% não estavam estressados, 2,5% estavam na fase de alerta, 38,7% estavam na fase de resistência e 28,8% estavam quase exaustos. Os níveis de estresse foram relacionados ao sexo (p = 0,0005), curso (p = 0,004) e semestre; maiores níveis de estresse influenciaram negativamente o desempenho acadêmico dos alunos (p = 0,019), a socialização (p = 0,020), o relacionamento com a universidade (p = 0,019), o aprendizado (p < 0,0001), o sono (p < 0,0001) e a percepção de saúde (p < 0,001). O presente estudo fornece evidências sobre os níveis de estresse de estudantes de graduação em ciências da saúde no Brasil, bem como seu efeito negativo sobre o estado de saúde e o desempenho acadêmico. Sugere-se que mais estudos sejam realizados especialmente para investigar estratégias de controle do estresse dos estudantes no ambiente universitário.

The major compound in orange essential oil (OEO) is limonene, which has in vitro anthelmintic properties; however, a safe in vivo dose has not been defined for animals. Therefore, a pilot study was conducted to evaluate the effect of an OEO formulation for the control of gastrointestinal nematodes in sheep and to investigate adverse reactions in lambs after OEO administration. A total of 17 lambs received an oral OEO formulation at a concentration of 600 mg/mL, in doses of 200, 300, and 600 mg/kg. The most common clinical signs observed were head shaking (88.8%), backward head movement (51.1%), and ataxia (74.4%). Lambs treated with 600 mg/kg of OEO showed more severe combined clinical signs and longer duration of symptoms, presenting adverse reactions for up to 2 h after OEO administration. Testing of different doses and formulations with slower release of the active ingredient is recommended to minimize or eliminate these effects.

The aim here is to present data on the efficacy of anthelmintics in sheep flocks in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and to discuss the interpretation of the fecal egg count reduction test (FECRT) for each nematode genus. Fecal eggs counts and pre- and post-treatment coprocultures were performed, the former to evaluate the efficacy of and the latter to determine the overall parasite prevalence. An additional efficacy test was performed at Farm # 1 a year after the initial test. Severe anthelmintic resistance was found for the flocks, with no FECRT sensitivity at any of the 22 farms evaluated. However, an analysis of the infective larvae showed that some drugs were effective against certain parasitic genera; i.e., levamisole was more effective against Haemonchus spp. and moxidectin against Trichostrongylus spp. In the additional FECRT performed at Farm # 1, moxidectin and nitroxynil were ineffective separately, but when applied in combination they were highly effective due to their efficacy against Haemonchus (nitroxynil) and Trichostrongylus (moxidectin), respectively. The use of the FECRT targeting the parasitic nematode species prevalent on farms may make it possible to choose more effective anthelmintics. Resumo O objetivo deste trabalho foi apresentar dados sobre a eficácia de anti-helmínticos em rebanhos ovinos no Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, e discutir a interpretação do teste de redução da contagem de ovos nas fezes (TRCOF) para cada gênero de nematoide. A contagem de ovos fecais (OPG) e coprocultura pré e pós-tratamento foram realizadas para avaliar a eficácia e a prevalência geral do parasito, respectivamente. Um teste de eficácia adicional foi realizado na Fazenda # 1 após um ano do teste inicial. Resistência anti-helmíntica grave foi encontrada, não havendo sensibilidade no TRCOF em nenhuma das 22 fazendas avaliadas. No entanto, na análise das larvas infectantes observou-se que algumas drogas foram eficazes contra certos gêneros parasitários; por exemplo, o levamisol foi mais eficaz contra Haemonchus spp. e a moxidectina contra Trichostrongylus spp. No TRCOF adicional realizado na Fazenda 1, a moxidectina e o nitroxinil foram ineficazes separadamente, mas quando aplicados em combinação, foram altamente eficazes devido à sua eficácia contra Haemonchus spp. (nitroxinil) e Trichostrongylus spp. (moxidectina), respectivamente. O TRCOF visando às espécies de nematoides parasitas prevalentes nas fazendas pode possibilitar a escolha de anti-helmínticos mais eficazes.

Estudantes universitários passam por diferentes experiências estressantes, interferindo na vida acadêmica ou mesmo impedindo sua continuidade. Programas de Intervenções Assistidas por Animais (IAA) são utilizados em escolas e universidades para minimizar o estresse dos estudantes, no entanto, não são usuais no Brasil. Cães são os animais mais empregados nessas atividades, mas os critérios em relação à sua inclusão em ambiente universitário não são bem definidos. O presente estudo teve como objetivo realizar uma revisão sistemática qualitativa da literatura a fim de averiguar se há critérios para a inclusão de cães nas IAA em universidades. A busca de publicações foi realizada nas plataformas PubMed e SciELO, e os critérios de inclusão foram artigos com revisão por pares publicados de 2010 a julho de 2020, envolvendo atividades assistidas por cães em ambientes universitário ou escolar. Dos 202 artigos encontrados, nove entraram nos critérios de inclusão. Destes, oito trabalhos apresentaram o tempo de interação, oito apresentaram o número de animais utilizados, quatro comentaram sobre o bem-estar do cão, quatro apresentaram a necessidade de exames veterinários, cinco abordaram a idade dos cães, cinco as raças utilizadas e três discutiram sobre o comportamento do cão. Como conclusão deste trabalho, evidenciou-se que não há consenso sobre os critérios de pesquisa que concernem a inclusão de cães de IAA em ambiente universitário e escolar. Tendo em vista o melhor aproveitamento da atividade e, especialmente, o bem-estar dos cães, mais estudos na área são necessários.

With the aim of validating the FAMACHA(©) as a method for phenotypic selection of sheep resistant/resilient to gastrointestinal nematodes, 27 Suffolk ewes with known FAMACHA(©) score histories were experimentally infected with 25,000 larvae of Haemonchus contortus. From the day of infection (day 0) to 60 days post-infection, at intervals of 7-15 days, ewes were evaluated for packed cell volume (PCV) and fecal egg counts (FEC). A statistically significant increase (p

O coelho doméstico (Oryctolagus cuniculus) é um mamífero herbívoro com importância na produção de carne, como animal de estimação e como modelo experimental. Conhecer a anatomia da espécie, com suas particularidades, é essencial para quem trabalha com ela. No entanto, o material bibliográfico disponível pode ser antigo ou de difícil acesso pelo estudante ou profissional. Atualmente, com a evolução dos métodos de imagem diagnóstica, as estruturas anatômicas estudadas podem ser observadas com maior detalhamento. Dessa forma, esta revisão de literatura buscou disponibilizar informações sobre a osteologia, miologia, vascularização e inervação do membro torácico do coelho, com atualização da nomenclatura com a Nômina Anatômica Veterinária de 2017.

The aim of this research was to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of the FAMACHA

Targeted selective treatment (TST) aims to aid in the control of gastrointestinal nematodes in small ruminants, identifying animals that require treatment with the purpose of preserving the Refugia population and delaying the buildup of anthelmintic (AH) resistance. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of both productive and clinical indicators in the selective treatment of gastrointestinal parasites in growing lambs. Two experiments were carried out between 2015 and 2016. Experiment 1: lambs (n = 70) exclusively raised on pasture were evaluated from the ages of 60 days to 180 days old. Experiment 2: lambs (n = 48) raised on pasture and fed concentrated commercial supplementation were evaluated from the ages of 60 days to 150 days old. Parasitological (eggs per gram of feces - EPG), productive (average daily weight gain - DWG), and clinical (hematocrit - Ht and FAMACHA

The shelf life extending effect of different modified atmospheres packages (MAP): vacuum (MAP-1), 69.6% N2 + 30% CO2 + 0.4% CO (MAP-2) and 70% O2 + 30% CO2 (MAP-3) on lamb meat at two slaughter ages (4 and 8-month-old) was assessed. pH decreased as slaughter age (SA) increased, and increased during longer storage time (ST), with no MAP effects. Lamb meat stored in MAP-1 and MAP-3 showed greater drip loss than that stored in MAP-2. Shear force was not influenced by SA and MAP treatments, but decreased during ST. Meat from 8-month-old lambs packaged in MAP-3 at longer ST resulted in lipid oxidation increase. MAP-2 enhanced color saturation and lamb meat redness, whereas MAP-3 showed lowest redness and chroma values, and highest aerobic psychrotropic count. Meat from 4-month-old lamb stored in MAP-3 presented shortest shelf life based on psychrotropic bacteria growth. The association of higher SA with high O2 MAP proved to compromise oxidative stability of lamb meat, adversely affecting its shelf life. Vacuum and CO packaging showed similar effects on lamb meat preservation; however, CO had advantage in maintaining fresh red color of meat.

High ambient temperatures are a challenge for animal production around the world, and they are one of the major reasons for economic and productive losses in pig production. Under stress conditions, the energy contribution to productive functions is reduced, generating health imbalances, decreased productivity rates and changes in animal behavior. Despite the numerous articles published on this subject, the variability of results on performance parameters is high. For this reason, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the actual impact of high ambient temperature (HAT) (29 °C to 35 °C) on growing-finishing pig performance, compared with animals kept in a thermoneutral environment (TNT) (18 °C to 25 °C), based on meta-analysis. Data on average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (FI) and feed gain ratio (F:G) were extracted from 22 (n = 22) papers published in scientific journals. The values were analyzed using an expansion of the t-test, considering the random effect of each study. Results showed that HAT reduced the values of ADG (654.38 vs 595.81 g/d) and FI (2.141 vs 1.875 g/d) when compared with the thermoneutral group. There was no statistical difference between the F:G values for both groups. In conclusion, high ambient temperatures negatively influence performance parameters of growing-finishing pigs when compared with those in thermoneutral conditions.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of feed change on image quality of ultrasound scanning of the gallbladder, kidney and jejunum in New Zealand White kits. Thirty-nine 35-day-old rabbits were used, distributed into 4 diet groups: C, only commercial feed; CH, commercial feed and hay; C24H, only commercial feed, replaced by hay 24 h before examination; and CH24H, commercial feed and hay, with the commercial feed withdrawn 24 h before the exam. The rabbits received the diet for 42 d (from 35 to 77 d of age) and the ultrasound evaluations were performed on days 56 and 77. Ultrasonographic assessment for image quality focused on the possibility of visualisation and an image quality rating (3 scores: unacceptable, acceptable or excellent) for the gallbladder, kidneys and jejunum. The kidneys were visualised in 100% of animals of all diets and ages. There was no difference in visualisation (P>0.05) of the gallbladder among the animals fed different diets on days 56 and 77. The C24H diet had a higher visualisation possibility (P

The FAMACHA© system is used for targeted selective treatment (TST) of small ruminants for the control of haemonchosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of this system in growing lambs. Between 2015 and 2016, lambs aged 60–210 days on two sheep farms were evaluated at 15-day intervals using the FAMACHA© system (F1–F5), with analysis of hematocrit (Ht), counting of eggs per gram of feces, and larval culture. The sensitivity and specificity of the system were calculated according to two criteria: criterion 1, lambs classified as F4 or F5 were considered anemic (positive test) and those classified as F1, F2, or F3 were considered not anemic (negative test); and criterion 2, lambs classified as F3, F4, or F5 were considered anemic (positive test) and those classified as F1 and F2 were considered not anemic (negative test). Three gold standard Ht cutoff values were used to diagnose anemia, i.e., ≤22%, ≤18%, and ≤15%. In total, 1591 assessments were analyzed. The highest percentage of larvae in the fecal cultures was for Haemonchus spp., with an average of 78.5%. The sensitivity values found when F3 lambs were considered anemic were 13.9%, 30.8%, and 66.7%, respectively, for Ht cutoff values of ≤22%, ≤18%, and ≤15%. When F3 lambs were excluded, the maximum sensitivity was 14.9% and the specificity was 100% for all degrees of anemia using criterion 1. The FAMACHA© system had low sensitivity in growing lambs and should not be used alone for control of haemonchosis in young animals.

In a farm where Trichostrongylus colubriformis in sheep had been found resistant to monepantel (MNP), we aimed to evaluate the efficacy against gastrointestinal nematodes in a controlled efficacy test (CT) and a fecal egg count reduction test (FECRT) in goats. We used 15 (CT) and 30 goats (FECRT), naturally infected, and equally divided into control and treated groups. The efficacy of MNP in the CT against Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei and Cooperia curticei was 100%. For T. colubriformis, the efficacy was 90.5% in goats treated with 2.5 mg/kg, and 88.1% in goats treated with 3.5 mg/kg. In the FECRT, the overall reduction was 91% (2.5 mg/kg) and 90% (3.75 mg/kg). In the fecal cultures, Trichostrongylus spp. larvae represented 25% (pre-treatment) and 15% (post-treatment) of the larvae in the control group, but they were 75% (2.5 mg/kg) and 98% (3.75 mg/kg) of the recovered larvae after MNP treatment. In accordance with published standards, and based on FECRT and CT, MNP was considered ineffective against T. colubriformis in the studied flock.