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Acute mesenteric ischemia is a life-threatening condition that results from abrupt reduction in or cessation of blood flow to the bowel. Characterized by nonspecific abdominal symptoms, mesenteric ischemia is infrequently encountered and commonly misdiagnosed, with potentially catastrophic consequences. Prompt clinical diagnosis and early implementation of therapeutic interventions are critical to improving patient outcomes. Because cross-sectional imaging plays a key role in the diagnosis of mesenteric ischemia, radiologists must be familiar with the varied imaging manifestations of intestinal ischemia. Thus, the objectives of this article are to review the various types and common causes of mesenteric ischemia and to describe its spectrum of multimodality imaging findings, with special attention to novel imaging techniques and emerging diagnoses.