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The effects of heat stress on malondialdehid (MDA) content, ascorbic acid (AsA), isoperoxidases, total soluble protein (TSP) and SDS-PAGE protein profiles of small reddish bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Keklik) leaves were investigated. For this purpose, the collected leaf samples (preferably the third from the apex) were placed into pyrex tubes with caps closed and incubated in a water bath: after a 30-minutes habituation at 30ºC, to apply heat stress the leaves were subjected to 35, 40, 45, 50, 55 and 60°C with gradual increments every 30-minutes. According to the results, the MDA content increased with escalating temperatures, starting with 40°C. Although there was fluctuation, the AsA content generally decreased with high temperatures. Besides, TSP content decreased after 50°C. Moreover, three asidic and four basic isoperoxidase bands were identified. There was a marked difference at acidic isoperoxidase band intensities under 40 and 45°C heat treatment. Protein bands with molecu1ar weight of approximately 14.5-195 kDa were determined. In conclusion, especially 40°C is critical for small reddish bean plants, besides 40°C and above temperatures causes oxidative stress in small reddish bean plant. Additionally, isoperoxidases and proteins may be an effective mean on heat stress tolerance.

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of high temperatures on three tomato cultivars at first bloom and yield stages. The leaves were subjected to high temperature stress at 35, 40, 45, 50, 55 and 60°C with gradual increments every 30-minutes in both stages. Samples were analyzed for total chlorophyll (Chl), carotenoid (Car), ascorbic acid (AsA), glutathione (GSH), total soluble protein (TSP) contents. Besides, protein profiles were determined with SDS-PAGE. Heat stress decreased Chl content in both stages, while it was higher in first bloom stage than in yield stage. Whereas carotenoid content increased in both stages. The AsA and GSH contents were higher in yield stage than in first bloom stage. Heat stress, generally reduced AsA content, while increased GSH content. It was observed that the effect of cultivars and temperature treatments on the TSP content was different in both periods. In addition, TSP content had decreased with increasing temperatures, while many protein bands had been observed in SDS-PAGE with sizes ranging from 13 kDa to 89 kDa according to treatments.

The effects of high temperatures on melon cvs. Miranda and Poli, watermelon cv. Crimson Tide and zucchini cv. Asma leaves. The leaves obtained from plants were subjected to 35, 40, 45, 50, 55 and 60°C temperatures with gradual increments every 30-minutes. Samples, obtained at each treatment, were analyzed for ascorbic acid content, NADP(H) oxidase, catalase, gluthatione reductase, peroxidases activities and isoperoxidase patterns. The ascorbic acid content slightly increased parallel to temperature increment in zucchini but did not change in watermelon and in both melon cultivars. Melon cv. Poli exhibited comparatively less oxidative damage than cv. Miranda with a lower NAD(P)H oxidase activity. Heat stress induced NAD(P)H activity in watermelon and zucchini comparing to control plants. Results revealed that antioxidative enzyme activities were increased generally up to 50°C then decreased gradually in melon cultivars. Besides cv. Poli generally had higher enzyme activities than cv. Miranda. The activity of catalaes become prominent in watermelon while the activity of ascorbate peroxidase become prominent in zucchini. Acidic isoperoxidase bands with different relative mobility values were found in all species. Besides, basic isoperoxidase band could not be determined in both melon cultivars and watermelon while a basic isoperoxidase band was found in zucchini.

Some cucurbit plants (Cucumis sativus L., Cucurbita pepo L., Cucumis melo L. and Citrillus lanatus L.) were used for investigating some physiological changes and protein patterns under heat stress in plants. Leaf samples were exposed tohigh temperatures as follows 35, 40, 45, 50, 55 and 60°C. Percentage of ion leakage, chlorophyll content, leaf relative water content (RWC) and loss of turgidity, total soluble protein (TSP) content and protein profiles were determined in leaf samples kept at each temperature stage for 30 minutes. Ion leakage was increased especially 55 and 60°C in all cucurbits parallel to the temperature increasement. Total chlorophyll content was decreased slightly in both cucumber cultivars, zucchini, in both melon cultivars and watermelon due to high temperatures. The RWC of cucurbits was decreased on the contrary of the loss of turgidity, which was parallel to the increment of temperatures. While the TSP content in cucumber was decreased with temperature increasement, it was not changed in zucchini and watermelon. In melon cultivars TSP was not noticeably changed until 55°C, but significantly decreased at 60°C. When the SDS-PAGE profiles of cucurbits were examined, many protein bands were observed with sizes ranging from 6.5 kDa to 211 kDa.

The effects of salt applications of different concentrations (50, 100, and 150 mM NaCl) on two green bean genotypes ["Şeker Fasulye" (salt-tolerant) and "Local Genotype" (salt-sensitive)] grown from seeds with zinc (Zn) and without Zn priming were investigated. In order to determine which part of the green bean plant involved in salt tolerance of genotypes, the tolerance ratio (TR) were calculated on the basis of root, stem, first true leaf (FTL) and trifolia leaflet (TL) dry weights. Also, the ability of maintain in equilibrium for potassium (K)/sodium (Na) and calcium (Ca)/Na ratio in the root, stem, FTL and TL parts of plants were considered. According to TR values based on dry weight; it is thought that stem is the organ of green bean genotypes which plays an important role in salt tolerance. When considering all parts of both genotypes, K/Na ratio of "Şeker Fasulye" was determined to be affected positively in plants from Zn primed seeds. Additionally, Zn application decreased the Ca/Na ratio in all parts of both green beans. In conclusion, the results of the current study suggest that the use of Zn priming of seeds could be an effective strategy to increase the salt tolerance of green bean genotypes.

Objective This study aimed to investigate the reasons behind the compliance, diagnostic success, and failure of ultrasound (US) examinations of two radiologists with reference to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the abnormalities of subscapularis (SSC) tendon, including tendinosis. Methods One less experienced radiologist (operator-1) and one senior radiologist, experienced in the musculoskeletal US (operator-2), performed the shoulder US on 78 patients (mean age: 53.18 ± 10.89 [22-73] years), who had undergone MRI for routine reasons except malignancy, within 1-4 weeks of MRI. Tendinopathy, partial (PT), or full-thickness (FT) tears were recorded in the subscapularis. The thickness of the anterior and lateral soft tissues in the shoulder girdle was measured by MRI. The inter-operator agreement on the US results, the US-MRI compliance for each operator, and the relationship between the US-MRI compliance and tissue thickness were investigated. Results The inter-operator agreement on the US findings was moderate. The US-MRI compliance was fair for operator-1, but substantial for operator-2. The circumferential soft tissue thickness and US-MRI compliance were not correlated (p>0.05). The interobserver agreement in US was moderate (K: 0.415). The US-MRI compliance was fair for operator-1 (K: 0.344) and substantial for operator-2 (K: 0.616). The accuracy rates for the differentiation of normal tendon, tendinosis, PT, and FT were 59%, 75%, 72%, and 100%, respectively, for operator-1 and 87%, 83%, 85%, and 100%, respectively, for operator-2. However, the respective sensitivity of operator-1 was 46%, 19%, 44%, and 100%; and operator-2 was 91%, 67%, 82%, and 100%. The diagnostic performance of operator-1 was lower, except for FT. Conclusion The thickness of the surrounding tissue does not affect the US results. The differentiation between tendinosis and PT tear is difficult (more prominent in less experienced user); however, because this would not change the treatment choice, shoulder US is recommended after basic training in subscapularis pathologies. Level of evidence Level II, Diagnostic.

Objective: We aimed to investigate the association between Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS), to assess common symptoms and quality of life (QOL) of them.Methods: Patients with PMS formed the PMS group and age-matched healthy normal controls were included in the control group. The diagnosis of the FMS and PMS were based on new American College of Rheumatology FMS criteria and DSM-IV PMS criteria. FMS-related symptoms assessed by visual analog scale and number of tender points (TePs) were analyzed. QOL, PMS severity and FMS severity were assessed with SF-36, fibromyalgia impact questionnaire (FIQ) and premenstrual assessment form (PAF), respectively. Patients with PMS were divided into two subgroups according to coexistence of FMS or not.Results: The frequency of FMS in PMS and control group were 20 and 0%, respectively (p=0.002). FMS-related symptoms, number of TePs in the PMS group were higher than those in the control group. The mean mental component summary (MCS) score of SF-36 was low in the PMS group. The mean PAF score in PMS with FMS subgroup was higher than those in without FMS subgroup. The mean physical component summary of SF-36 was low in the PMS patient with FMS. There was correlation between PAF score and FIQ score (r=0.476, p

Hypoparathyroidism is an endocrinopathy that can develop idiopathically, as well as due to reasons associated with genetics, autoimmunity, surgery and radiotherapy. It usually presents with neuromuscular signs and symptoms, including enthesopathy caused by calcification of the ligament and enthesis sites, soft tissue calcification, hypertension, cataract and extrapyramidal findings due to basal ganglia calcification. Hypoparathyroidism-associated spondyloarthropathy (SpA) is a rarely seen clinical entity. Hypoparathyroidism-associated SpA differs from other inflammatory SpAs in that the results for human leukocyte antigen B27 and inflammatory markers are negative and bone density is normal. The symptoms are relieved by calcium and vitamin D, rather than anti-inflammatory drugs. Due to this difference in treatment modalities, the diagnosis of this type of SpA is important. This article presents the case report of a 52-year-old female patient with iatrogenic hypoparathyroidism accompanied by asymptomatic hypocalcemia and SpA clinic. C1 [Turkoglu, Sefa] Denizli State Hosp, Dept Radiol, Denizli, Turkey. [Toprak, Ugur] Osmangazi Univ, Dept Radiol, Med Fac, Eskisehir, Turkey. [Aydogan, Cigdem] Artvin State Hosp, Dept Phys Med & Rehabil, TR-08000 Artvin, Turkey. [Kutlu, Ozgur Timucin] Suleyman Demirel Univ, Dept Internal Med, Med Fac, Isparta, Turkey.

Notalgia paresthetica is a clinical condition characterized by burning and stinging pain accompanied by an itchy hyperpigmented skin lesion in the distribution area of spinal nerves T2-T6. Its etiology is not completely understood. It is a relatively common pathology that is often overlooked. Patients usually refer to dermatology clinics with complaints of pruritus, and the diagnosis is usually delayed, or some symptoms can go unnoticed. Early diagnosis and treatment are important because notalgia paresthetica reduces the quality of life. In this case study, we present a 65-year-old male patient who referred to our clinic and discussed this case for research.

Introduction Custom-made orthoses are used to prevent contractures and reinjury of tissues such as tendon rupture after traumatic tendon repairs. Despite their wide usage in hand rehabilitation, orthosis adherence is usually an overlooked problem. Purpose of the Study This study aims to evaluate the possible factors affecting the orthosis adherence in patients with acute traumatic tendon repairs. Study Design This is a prospective cohort study. Methods Two hundred twelve patients with acute traumatic hand tendon repair were included in this prospective cohort study. Patients were evaluated on the third day postoperatively and at three weeks. All patients were told to wear their orthosis 24 h a day for three weeks and allowed to take it off to wash the hand carefully once a day. Adherence was measured as fully adherent, partially adherent, and nonadherent. Factors that may affect orthosis adherence were evaluated according to the five dimensions of the multidimensional adherence model including socioeconomic, condition-related, treatment-related, patient-related, and health-care system–related factors. The Modified Hand Injury Severity Scale was used to assess the severity of the injury. Depression and anxiety symptoms were evaluated with the Beck Depression Inventory and Beck Anxiety Inventory. A multivariate logistic regression model was constructed for orthosis adherence. Results One hundred thirty-three patients were analyzed. Forty-four (33.1%) patients were fully adherent with the prescribed orthosis, whereas 67 (50.4%) were partially adherent and 22 (16.5%) were nonadherent. Higher depression symptoms caused orthosis nonadherence [odds ratio = 1.2 (95% confidence interval = 1.1-1.3), P = .001] and partial adherence [odds ratio = 1.1 (95% confidence interval = 1.0-1.2), P = .01]. Conclusions Among our patients with acute traumatic tendon repair, only one-third of the patients were fully adherent with the orthosis wear program. Depression in the very acute period of injury impaired orthosis adherence.

The morphological and physiological parameters were measured for 15 green bean genotypes, and enzymatic activities were measured for two genotypes (tolerant and sensitive) grown under controlled greenhouse conditions during waterlogging stress and recovery periods. Plants were exposed to waterlogging stress for 7 days followed by 7 days of recovery. The leaf area and color, leaf relative water content and turgid losses, and the degree of cell membrane injury were determined. ‘Seker Fasulye’ genotype was relatively tolerant among the genotypes studied. Besides, waterlogging treatment caused the loss of sampled organs in the sensitive genotypes, ‘40 Gunluk’, ‘L3’, and ‘L4’. After these three genotypes, the ‘L1’ genotype was found to be sensitive. Therefore, enzymatic activities were measured for ‘Seker Fasulye’ and ‘L1’. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase [NAD(P)H oxidase, EC.1.6.3.1] activity increased during waterlogging treatment and decreased during the recovery period. To the contrary, waterlogging treatment degraded catalase (CAT, EC.1.11.1.6) and glutathione reductase (GR, EC.1.6.4.2) activities in leaves and roots. The activity of both enzymes increased during recovery treatment. In conclusion, leaf area, cell membrane injury, and stress-related enzyme activities were found to be an effective means for determining a green bean genotype’s response to waterlogging stress.

The effects of salinity and zinc (Zn) priming on the physical and mineral composition of green bean genotypes were investigated on two green bean genotypes (‘ªeker Fasulye’ and ‘Local Genotype’) by soaking seeds in 0.05% Zn (ZnSO4.7H2O) solution and by exposing to salt stress by applying 50, 100 and 150 mM NaCl after first true leaf emergence. Plants not exposed to salt stress were treated as control. The effects of Zn priming on the salt tolerance of genotypes, fresh and dry weight of plant leaf relative water content (RWC), loss of turgidity (LOT), Na, K, Ca and Zn concentrations in the leaves, stem and root portions of plants were evaluated. The NaCl concentrations led to significant variations in the examined parameters. The highest concentration of salt (150 mM) caused fading in leaves and led to inhibition of growth and development. Salt application generally reduced the fresh and dry weights of plants of both genotypes where Zn priming showed an amendatory effect. Leaf RWC decreased with salt applications while LOT increased but Zn priming had no amendatory effect on these parameters. ‘ªeker Fasulye’ genotype was found to be relatively more salt tolerant than ‘Local Genotype’ on the basis of the investigated parameters. Zinc priming decreased the Na and Ca concentrations in plant organs; however, a decrease in K concentration was observed due to increase in NaCl.

Bu çalışma, 21-24 Mayıs 2012 tarihleri arasında Fukuoka[Japonyo]’da düzenlenen 6. International Symposium on Edible Alliaceae’da bildiri olarak sunulmuştur. Differential gene expression analysis has been investigated to reveal important genes in many plant species. Identification of genes controlling metabolic pathways in garlic could contribute to the understanding of garlic genetic. In this study, transcript (mRNA) profile of differentially expressed genes was determined in leaf, meristematic and flower tissues of three genetically divers garlic clones at different developmental stages using cDNA-AFLP approach. In total, 352 differentially expressed transcript-derived fragments (TDFs) were evaluated from 20 primer combinations. While seven TDFs fragments expressed only in meristematic tissues, 30 TDFs expressed only in leaf tissues. Twenty seven fragments expressed in both meristematic and leaf tissues with intensity polymorphism and two fragments differentially expressed in flower tissues. BLAST analysis of these tissue specific expressed fragments revealed that some genes have significant similarities with previously determined sequences in the database of NCBI GenBank while some of them are unique to garlic genome. These tissue specific expressed genes can be used to develop tissue specific markers for garlic genome. Int Soc Hort Sci (ISHS)