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Abstract Background To investigate whether an additional gastrojejunostomy reduces the incidence of delayed gastric emptying (DGE) following a distal segmental duodenectomy for duodenal and proximal jejunal gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST). Materials and methods This retrospective review of the GIST database at Peking University Cancer Hospital included 50 patients who underwent distal segmental duodenectomies for primary GIST in the duodenum or proximal jejunum within 20 cm of Treitz’s ligament between January 2008 and December 2023. The patients were divided into two groups: non-bypass (without gastrojejunostomy) and bypass (with gastrojejunostomy and Braun’s jejunojejunostomy). Perioperative characteristics and postoperative complications were analyzed. Results Among the 50 patients, 27 underwent duodenojejunostomies without gastrojejunostomies and 23 with gastrojejunostomies and Braun’s jejunojejunostomies. The incidence of grade B-C DGE was significantly lower in the bypass group (43.5% vs. 74.1%, p = 0.028). In addition, non-bypass surgery was an independent risk factor for increased grade B-C DGE (OR 3.67, 95% CI 1.07–12.64, p = 0.039). The bypass group showed a trend towards a shorter postoperative hospital stay (median: 14 days, range: 10–56) compared to the non-bypass group (median: 28 days, range: 6–75), but this difference did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.070). Operative time (min) was significantly longer in the multi-visceral resection group (381.0 ± 108.8 vs. 227.3 ± 87.6, p

Summary: Clinical reliability assessment of large language models is necessary due to their increasing use in healthcare. This study assessed the performance of ChatGPT-3.5 and ChatGPT-4 in answering questions deducted from the German evidence-based S3 guideline for adult soft tissue sarcoma (STS). Reponses to 80 complex clinical questions covering diagnosis, treatment, and surveillance aspects were independently scored by two sarcoma experts for accuracy and adequacy. ChatGPT-4 outperformed ChatGPT-3.5 overall, with higher median scores in both accuracy (5.5 vs. 5.0) and adequacy (5.0 vs. 4.0). While both versions performed similarly on questions about retroperitoneal/visceral sarcoma and gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST)-specific treatment as well as questions about surveillance, ChatGPT-4 performed better on questions about general STS treatment and extremity/trunk sarcomas. Despite their potential as a supportive tool, both models occasionally offered misleading and potentially life-threatening information. This underscores the significance of cautious adoption and human monitoring in clinical settings.

Abstract Objective Despite advancements in spinal metastasis surgery techniques and the rapid development of multidisciplinary treatment models, we aimed to explore the clinical efficacy of spinal metastasis surgery performed by a combined NOMS decision system-utilizing multidisciplinary team and Revised Tokuhashi scoring system, compared with the Revised Tokuhashi scoring system. Methods Clinical data from 102 patients with spinal metastases who underwent surgery at three affiliated hospitals of Zunyi Medical University from December 2017 to June 2022 were analysed. The patients were randomly assigned to two groups: 52 patients in the treatment group involving the combined NOMS decision system-utilizing multidisciplinary team and Revised Tokuhashi scoring system (i.e., the combined group), and 50 patients in the treatment group involving the Revised Tokuhashi scoring system only (i.e., the revised TSS-only group). Moreover, there were no statistically significant differences in preoperative general data or indicators between the two groups. Intraoperative and postoperative complications, average hospital stay, mortality rate, and follow-up observation indicators, including the visual analogue scale (VAS) score for pain, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status, Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS) score, negative psychological assessment score (using the Self-Rating Anxiety Scale, [SAS]), and neurological function recovery score (Frankel functional classification) were compared between the two groups. Results All 102 patients successfully completed surgery and were discharged. The follow-up period ranged from 12 to 24 months, with an average of (13.2 ± 2.4) months. The patients in the combined group experienced fewer complications such as surgical wound infections 3 patients(5.77%), intraoperative massive haemorrhage 2 patients(3.85%), cerebrospinal fluid leakage 2 patients(3.85%), deep vein thrombosis 4 patients(7.69%),and neurological damage 1 patient(1.92%), than patients in the revised TSS-only group (wound infections,11 patients(22%); intraoperative massive haemorrhage, 8 patients(16%);cerebrospinal fluid leakage,5 patients(10%);deep vein thrombosis,13 patients (26%); neurological damage,2 patients (4%). Significant differences were found between the two groups in terms of surgical wound infections, intraoperative massive haemorrhage, and deep vein thrombosis (P

Abstract Background Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are the most common mesenchymal tumors of the gastrointestinal tract. Distant metastasis has been detected in approximately 50% of GIST patients at the first diagnosis. The surgical strategy for metastatic GIST with generalized progression (GP) after imatinib therapy remains unclear. Methods We recruited 15 patients with imatinib-resistant metastatic GIST. They received cytoreductive surgery (CRS) for tumor rupture, intestinal obstruction and gastrointestinal bleeding. We collected clinical, pathological and prognostic data for analyses. Results OS and PFS after R0/1 CRS were 56.88 ± 3.47 and 26.7 ± 4.12 months, respectively, when compared with 26 ± 5.35 and 5 ± 2.78 months after R2 CRS (P = 0.002 and P

While renewable H2 evolution will require inexpensive, abundant catalysts, non-noble metals typically show relatively low activities. Here, authors examine lanthanide metal sesquioxide doped metallic Ni and show efficient, stable performances for alkaline H2 evolution electrocatalysis.

Abstract Electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) represents a promising sustainable approach for NH3 synthesis. However, the poor NRR performance of electrocatalysts is a great challenge at this stage, mainly owing to their low activity and the competitive hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Herein, 2D ferric covalent organic framework/MXene (COF‐Fe/MXene) nanosheets with controllable hydrophobic behaviors are successfully prepared via a multiple‐in‐one synthetic strategy. The boosting hydrophobicity of COF‐Fe/MXene can effectively repel water molecules to inhibit the HER for enhanced NRR performances. By virtue of the ultrathin nanostructure, well‐defined single Fe sites, nitrogen enrichment effect, and high hydrophobicity, the 1H,1H,2H,2H‐perfluorodecanethiol modified COF‐Fe/MXene hybrid shows a NH3 yield of 41.8 µg h−1 mgcat.−1 and a Faradaic efficiency of 43.1% at −0.5 V versus RHE in a 0.1 m Na2SO4 water solution, which are vastly superior to the known Fe‐based catalysts and even to the noble metal catalysts. This work provides a universal strategy to design and synthesis of non‐precious metal electrocatalysts for high‐efficiency N2 reduction to NH3.

BackgroundPeritoneal sarcomatosis (PS) could occur in patients with retroperitoneal sarcomas (RPS). This study aimed to expand the understanding of PS on its characteristics and prognostic role, and develop a nomogram to predict its occurrence preoperatively.MethodsData of 211 consecutive patients with RPS who underwent surgical treatment between 2011 and 2019 was retrospectively reviewed. First, the clinicopathological characteristics of PS were summarized and analyzed. Second, the disease-specific survival (DSS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) of patients were analyzed to evaluate the prognostic role of PS. Third, preoperative imaging, nearly the only way to detect PS preoperatively, was combined with other screened risk factors to develop a nomogram. The performance of the nomogram was assessed.ResultsAmong the 211 patients, 49 (23.2%) patients had PS with an incidence of 13.0% in the primary patients and 35.4% in the recurrent patients. The highest incidence of PS occurred in dedifferentiated liposarcoma (25.3%) and undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (25.0%). The diagnostic sensitivity of the preoperative imaging was 71.4% and its specificity was 92.6%. The maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) was elevated in patients with PS (P

The outcomes of patients with primary retroperitoneal sarcoma (RPS) are significantly superior to those with recurrence. En bloc resection of tumor and adjacent organs is recommended in primary RPS. However, whether en bloc resection of tumor and adjacent organs can benefit recurrent patients or some recurrent patients is unclear. We compared the outcomes of patients with primary RPS, first recurrence (RPS-Rec1), and ≥2 recurrences (≥RPS-Rec2) to evaluate the value and criteria for en bloc resection of tumor and adjacent organs in recurrent cases. We evaluated the safety of en bloc resection of tumor and adjacent organs by assessing operation time, blood loss volume, postoperative morbidities (POM), and efficacy by comparing local recurrence and peritoneal metastasis (LR-PM), distant metastasis, progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS). A total of 101, 47, and 30 patients with primary RPS, RPS-Rec1, and ≥RPS-Rec2 were included, respectively. Recurrent RPS invaded more adjacent organs and surrounding fat tissue than primary RPS. The operation time, amount of blood loss, incidence of grade III–V POM, LR-PM rate, PFS, and OS in the RPS-Rec1 group were similar to those of the primary group, both of which were significantly superior to those of the ≥RPS-Rec2 group. Macroscopically incomplete resection and high-grade RPS rather than first recurrence were independent risk factors for LR-PM, PFS, and OS. In conclusion, the safety and efficacy of en bloc resection of tumor and adjacent organs in RPS-Rec1 were comparable with those in primary RPS but significantly superior to those of ≥RPS-Rec2. For RPS-Rec1, comparable outcomes to patients with primary RPS can be achieved, particularly in those in whom a macroscopically complete resection is achieved.

A series of 1,4-naphthoquinone derivatives containing were synthesized as anti-cancer agents and the crystal structure of compound 5a was confirmed by X-ray diffraction. In addition, the inhibitory activities against four cancer cell lines (HepG2, A549, K562, and PC-3) were tested, respectively, and compound 5i showed significant cytotoxicity on the A549 cell line with the IC50 of 6.15 μM. Surprisingly, in the following preliminary biological experiments, we found that compound 5i induced autophagy by promoting the recycling of EGFR and signal transduction in the A549 cell, resulting in the activation of the EGFR signal pathway. The potential binding pattern between compound 5i and EGFR tyrosine kinase (PDB ID: 1M17) was also identified by molecular docking. Our research paves the way for further studies and the development of novel and powerful anti-cancer drugs.

The universality of M-polynomial paves way towards establishing closed forms of many leading degree-based topological indices as it is done by Hosoya polynomial for distance-based indices. The study of topological indices is recently one of the most active research areas in chemical graph theory. The aim of this paper is to establish closed formulas for M-polynomials of Linear chains of benzene, napthalene, and anthracene graphs. From this polynomial we also compute as many as nine degree-based topological indices for these three chains. Our results will potentially play an important role in pharmacy, drug design, and many other applied areas of molecular sciences.

BackgroundSoft pancreas is widely recognized as an important risk factor for the development of postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF). Although fatty pancreas (FP) has not been formally defined as a cause of pancreatic fistula, existing research has shown that it can increase the incidence of POPF by increasing pancreatic tenderness; therefore, it may be a potential risk factor. This study aimed to discern whether FP was associated with POPF.MethodTwo reviewers independently performed literature searches from five electronic databases. According to the established inclusion criteria, we extracted necessary data from the studies that met the criteria for further analysis. We pooled the odds ratios (ORs) from individual studies using a random-effects model to investigate the associations between POPF and the prognosis of FP.ResultA total of 11 studies involving 2484 individuals were included. The pooled prevalence of POPF was 18% (95% CI: 12-24%). Body mass index (BMI) was associated with a significantly increased risk of POPF (OR=3.55; 95% CI: 1.83, 6.86; P=0.0002; I²=0). FP was obviously associated with the occurrence of POPF (OR=3.75; 95% CI: 1.64, 8.58; P=0.002; I²=78).ConclusionFP is closely associated with the development of POPF, and the early identification of these high-risk patients can help to reduce the incidence of POPF.Systematic Review RegistrationThe Registration URL link is (https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/). The ID is “CRD42021265141”.

BackgroundEn bloc resection of retroperitoneal sarcoma (RPS) with adjacent organs such as pancreatic head and duodenum is challenging for surgeons. This mono-institutional study aims to evaluate the feasibility, safety, and outcome of performing pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) during RPS resection.MethodsThe clinical data of RPS patients who underwent PD at the Sarcoma Center of Peking University Cancer Hospital from January 2011 to December 2019 was collected and analyzed.ResultsTwenty-seven patients out of a total of 264 surgically treated RPS underwent PD. The main pathological subtype was liposarcoma. All patients received concomitant resection of a median of three additional organs (range: 1–5), including 11 patients (40.7%) who underwent inferior vena cava resection and one patient who underwent segmental superior mesenteric-portal vein resection. Microscopic tumor infiltration to the duodenum or pancreas was observed in 81.5% of patients. Major complications occurred in 40.7% of patients; the reoperation rate was 22.2%. One patient (3.7%) died from liver abscess postoperatively. During a median follow-up of 18.9 months, 15 patients (55.6%) developed locally recurrent disease; two patients (7.4%) also had pulmonary metastases additionally. Twelve patients (44.4%) died from local relapse eventually.ConclusionPD during RPS resection is feasible, and it may be necessary to achieve complete resection. However, considering the complexity and risk, it should be performed by an experienced surgical team. The long-term survival benefit of this procedure should be verified by further large-scale multi-institutional studies.

Chitosan oligosaccharide (COS), a natural polysaccharide with good antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, is the depolymerized product of chitosan possessing various biological activities. The present study was designed to investigate the possible anti-aging effect of COS on the aging model mouse induced by d-galactose (d-gal) and explore the underlying mechanism. In the experiment, 48 male Kunming mice (KM mice) were randomly divided into the normal group, model group, positive group, and low-medium-high dose polysaccharide groups (300, 600, 1200 mg/kg/day). The results showed that COS, by intragastric gavage after subcutaneous injection of d-gal (250 mg/kg/day) into the neck of mice consecutively for eight weeks, gradually recovered the body weight, the activity of daily living, and organ indices of mice, as well as effectively ameliorated the histological deterioration of the liver and kidney in mice triggered by d-gal. To be specific, COS obviously improved the activities of antioxidant enzymes in liver and kidney of KM mice, including catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and superoxide dismutase (SOD), as well as decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) levels when compared with those in model group mice. Furthermore, COS not only elevated the diminished levels of serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgM induced by d-gal, but also significantly inhibited the d-gal-caused upregulation of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), uric acid (UA) and creatinine (CREA) levels as compared with those of mice in the model group. These results demonstrate that COS has an obvious anti-aging activity in d-gal-induced subacute aging mice, the mechanism of which, to some extent, is associated with enhancing the antioxidant defenses, reducing oxidative stress, and improving the immune function of aging model mice.

The title complex, [Co(C12H10N6)2(H2O)2](C8H4NO6)2, is composed of a mononuclear cobalt(II) cation and two 3-carboxy-5-nitrobenzoate anions for charge balance. In the cation, the CoII atom is six-coordinated in a distorted octahedral geometry. It bonds to two O atoms of two water molecules, and two pairs of N atoms from two 4-amino-3,5-bis(2-pyridyl)-4H-1,2,4-triazole molecules, which behave as bidentate chelating ligands. There are intramolecular N—H...N hydrogen bonds in the cation. In the crystal, there are a number of intermolecular N—H...O and O—H...O hydrogen bonds, as well as intermolecular π–π stacking interactions [centroid–centroid distances = 3.657 (2) and 3.847 (2) Å], that link the molecules into two-dimensional networks lying parallel to the ab plane. The presence of C—H...O interactions leads to the formation of a three-dimensional network.

In the centrosymmetric binuclear title complex, [Hg2Cl4(C12H10N6)2], the HgII ion is five-coordinated by two N atoms and three chloride ions with a distorted square-pyramidal geometry. In the complex, there is an intramolecular N—H...N hydrogen bond. In the crystal, the binuclear units are connected by intermolecular N—H...Cl hydrogen bonds, as well as π–π stacking interactions [centroid–centroid distances = 3.526 (2) and 3.696 (2) Å], forming a two-dimensional layered structure parallel to (010).

In the title molecule, C12H10N6O, the dihedral angle between the two pyrazine rings [planar to within 0.009 (3) and 0.018 (3) Å] is 5.62 (15)°. They deviate from the central oxadiazole ring [planar to within 0.005 (3) Å] by 1.52 (16) and 5.55 (17)°, respectively. In the crystal, C—H...N interactions involving the pyrazine rings connect molecules to form zigzag supramolecular chains propagating in [010].

In the title molecule, C17H12N6, the 2-pyridyl rings in the 3- and 4-positions and the 3-pyridyl ring in the 5-position make dihedral angles of 29.78 (16), 67.06 (16) and 32.97 (16)°, respectively, with the triazole group. The dihedral angle between the two 2-pyridyl rings is 65.72 (15)°. The dihedral angles between the 3-pyridyl ring and the two 2-pyridyl rings in the 3- and 4-positions are 61.28 (15) and 63.11 (15)°, respectively. In the crystal, C—H...π and π–π interactions [centroid-centroid distance = 3.6248 (19) Å] link the molecules, forming a two-dimensional network.

Metallic nickel (Ni) is a promising candidate to substitute Pt-based catalysts for hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR), but huge challenges still exist in precise modulation of the electronic structure to boost the electrocatalytic performances. Herein, we present the use of single-layer Ti3C2Tx MXene to deliberately tailor the electronic structure of Ni nanoparticles via interfacial oxygen bridges, which affords Ni/Ti3C2Tx electrocatalyst with exceptional performances for HOR in an alkaline medium. Remarkably, it shows a high kinetic current of 16.39 mA cmdisk -2 at the overpotential of 50 mV for HOR [78 and 2.7 times higher than that of metallic Ni and Pt/C (20%), respectively], also with good durability and CO antipoisoning ability (1,000 ppm) that are not available for conventional Pt/C (20%) catalyst. The ultrahigh conductivity of single-layer Ti3C2Tx provides fast transmission of electrons for Ni nanoparticles, of which the uniform and small sizes endow them with high-density active sites. Further, the terminated -O/- OH functional groups on Ti3C2Tx directionally capture electrons from Ni nanoparticles via interfacial Ni-O bridges, leading to obvious electronic polarization. This could enhance the Nids- O2p interaction and weaken Nids-H1s interaction of Ni sites in Ni/Ti3C2Txenabling a suitable H-/OH-binding energy and thus enhancing the HOR activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rainfall is a common trigger for landslide reactivation, as it raises groundwater levels and reduces bedrock or soil shear resistance. This study focuses on the Kualiangzi landslide in the southern region of Sichuan Province, China. Real-time monitoring of groundwater levels and rainfall from July 2013 to September 2016 is analyzed. Groundwater table increments, considering groundwater drainage rate, were calculated using the water-table fluctuation and master recession curve method and the response time of the groundwater table to rainfall events was estimated using the cross-correlation function. Results reveal that groundwater level declines from tension troughs to landslide fronts in the rainy season, with a significant positive correlation between the groundwater level in the tension trough and landslide surface displacement. Evaluated spring elevations for groundwater discharge range from 410 m to 440 m, which is in agreement with the actual spring elevations (390–423 m). Lag times of groundwater response to rainfall decreases with cumulative rainfall of the rainy periods. In the middle part of the landslide, two responses between rainfall and groundwater levels indicate two water movement pathways: Vertical cracks or fractures resulting from the slow landslide movement, and matrix pore space in unconsolidated sediment. Variations in peak values of the cross-correlation function suggest early dominance of the uniform matrix flow and later dominance of preferential flow during the rainy period.

BACKGROUND: Plant bacterial diseases have seriously affected the yield and quality of crops, among which rice bacterial leaf blight (BLB), caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae has seriously affected the yield of rice. As plant-pathogenic bacteria gradually become resistant to existing bactericides, it is necessary to find effective bactericides with novel structures. RESULTS: Herein, a series of compounds containing quinazolin-4(3H)-one and disulfide moieties were designed and synthesized using a facile synthetic method. The bioassay results revealed that most target compounds possessed noticeable antibacterial activity against Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. Particularly, compound 2-(butyldisulfanyl) quinazolin-4(3H)-one (1) exhibited remarkable antibacterial activity with the half effective concentration (EC50) of 0.52 μg mL−1. Additionally, compound 1 was confirmed to inhibit the growth of the bacteria, change the bacterial morphology, and increase the level of reactive oxygen species. Proteomics, and RT-qPCR analysis results indicated that compound 1 could downregulate the expression of Pil-Chp histidine kinase chpA encoded by the pilL gene, and the potting experiments proved that compound 1 exhibits significant protective activity against BLB. CONCLUSIONS: Compound 1 may weaken the pathogenicity of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae by inhibiting the bacterial growth and blocking the pili-mediated twitching motility without inducing the bacterial apoptosis. This study indicates that such derivatives could be a promising scaffold to develop a bacteriostat to control BLB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]