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Abstract The mechanisms underlying the natural control of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection have long been an intriguing question. Given the wide physiological range of liver stiffness and the growing attention to the role of mechanical microenvironment in homeostasis and diseases, we investigated how physical matrix cues impact HBV replication. High matrix stiffness significantly inhibited HBV replication and activated YAP in primary hepatocyte culture system, a key molecule in mechanosignaling. YAP activation notably suppressed HBV transcription and antigen expression. Several YAP-induced genes exhibited strong anti-HBV effects. Single-cell analysis of liver tissue from male individuals with active HBV replication revealed a strong significant negative correlation between YAP signature activation and HBV transcript levels. Intraperitoneal administration of YAP small molecule agonist potently controls HBV in male mouse models. These findings unveil a mechanism that involves the mechanical environment of hepatocytes and YAP to clear hepatotropic viral infection in the liver, providing new perspectives for HBV cure studies and antiviral development.

Abstract Ultra-precision machining requires system modelling that both satisfies explainability and conforms to data fidelity. Existing modelling approaches, whether based on data-driven methods in present artificial intelligence (AI) or on first-principle knowledge, fall short of these qualities in high-demanding industrial applications. Therefore, this paper develops an explainable and generalizable ‘grey-box’ AI informatics method for real-world dynamic system modelling. Such a grey-box model serves as a multiscale ‘world model’ by integrating the first principles of the system in a white-box architecture with data-fitting black boxes for varying hyperparameters of the white box. The physical principles serve as an explainable global meta-structure of the real-world system driven by physical knowledge, while the black boxes enhance local fitting accuracy driven by training data. The grey-box model thus encapsulates implicit variables and relationships that a standalone white-box model or black-box model fails to capture. Case study on an industrial cleanroom high-precision temperature regulation system verifies that the grey-box method outperforms existing modelling methods and is suitable for varying operating conditions.

Abstract Purpose In this study, we aim to explore the efficacy of paxlovid on reducing mortality of COVID-19 patients in clinical setting, especially whether paxlovid modifies the risk of death in these severe and critical patients. Methods Our retrospective cohort study was conducted on the medical records of patients, consecutively admitted for COVID-19 to five hospitals in Chongqing, China from Dec 8, 2022 to Jan 20, 2023. Based on whether patients received paxlovid during their hospitalization, patients were grouped as paxlovid group and non-paxlovid group. We used 1:1 ratio propensity score matching (PSM) in our study to adjust for confounding factors and differences between groups. Statistical analysis were performed by SPSS 23.0. The differences in 28-day mortality between these two groups and its influencing factors were the main results we focused on. Results There were 1018 patients included in our study cohort. With 1:1 ratio PSM, each of the paxlovid group and non-paxlovid group included 237 patients. The results showed that patients using paxlovid have a lower 28-day mortality in overall population either before PSM (OR 0.594, 95% CI 0.385–0.917, p = 0.019) or after PSM (OR 0.458, 95% CI 0.272–0.774, p = 0.003) with multivariable adjusted logistic regression models. Meanwhile, in severe subgroup, it showed similar findings.With paxlovid treatment, it showed a significantly lower 28-day mortality in severe subgroup both before PSM (28% vs.41%, p = 0.008) and after PSM (19% vs.32%, p = 0.007). Conclusion Paxlovid can significantly reduce the risk of 28-day mortality in overall population and severe subgroup patients.This study distinguished the severe subgroup patients with COVID-19 who benefit more from paxlovid treatment.

Abstract Background Glioma is the most common primary brain tumor with high mortality and disability rates. Recent studies have highlighted the significant prognostic consequences of subtyping molecular pathological markers using tumor samples, such as IDH, 1p/19q, and TERT. However, the relative importance of individual markers or marker combinations in affecting patient survival remains unclear. Moreover, the high cost and reliance on postoperative tumor samples hinder the widespread use of these molecular markers in clinical practice, particularly during the preoperative period. We aim to identify the most prominent molecular biomarker combination that affects patient survival and develop a preoperative MRI-based predictive model and clinical scoring system for this combination. Methods A cohort dataset of 2,879 patients was compiled for survival risk stratification. In a subset of 238 patients, recursive partitioning analysis (RPA) was applied to create a survival subgroup framework based on molecular markers. We then collected MRI data and applied Visually Accessible Rembrandt Images (VASARI) features to construct predictive models and clinical scoring systems. Results The RPA delineated four survival groups primarily defined by the status of IDH and TERT mutations. Predictive models incorporating VASARI features and clinical data achieved AUC values of 0.85 for IDH and 0.82 for TERT mutations. Nomogram-based scoring systems were also formulated to facilitate clinical application. Conclusions The combination of IDH-TERT mutation status alone can identify the most distinct survival differences in glioma patients. The predictive model based on preoperative MRI features, supported by clinical assessments, offers a reliable method for early molecular mutation prediction and constitutes a valuable scoring tool for clinicians in guiding treatment strategies.

Abstract Introduction Lung cancer is a common malignant tumor, and different types of immune cells may have different effects on the occurrence and development of lung cancer subtypes, including lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) and lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). However, the causal relationship between immune phenotype and lung cancer is still unclear. Methods This study utilized a comprehensive dataset containing 731 immune phenotypes from the European Bioinformatics Institute (EBI) to evaluate the potential causal relationship between immune phenotypes and LUSC and LUAD using the inverse variance weighted (IVW) method in Mendelian randomization (MR). Sensitivity analyses, including MR-Egger intercept, Cochran Q test, and others, were conducted for the robustness of the results. The study results were further validated through meta-analysis using data from the Transdisciplinary Research Into Cancer of the Lung (TRICL) data. Additionally, confounding factors were excluded to ensure the robustness of the findings. Results Among the final selection of 729 immune cell phenotypes, three immune phenotypes exhibited statistically significant effects with LUSC. CD28 expression on resting CD4 regulatory T cells (OR 1.0980, 95% CI: 1.0627–1.1344, p

Abstract Background Plasma microRNAs act as biomarkers for predicting and diagnosing diseases. Reliable non-invasive biomarkers for biochemical pregnancy loss have not been established. We aim to analyze the dynamic microRNA profiles during the peri-implantation period and investigate if plasma microRNAs could be non-invasive biomarkers predicting BPL. Methods In this study, we collected plasma samples from patients undergoing embryo transfer (ET) on ET day (ET0), 11 days after ET (ET11), and 14 days after ET (ET14). Patients were divided into the NP (negative pregnancy), BPL (biochemical pregnancy loss), and CP (clinical pregnancy) groups according to serum hCG levels at day11~14 and ultrasound at day28~35 following ET. MicroRNA profiles at different time-points were detected by miRNA-sequencing. We analyzed plasma microRNA signatures for BPL at the peri-implantation stage, we characterized the dynamic microRNA changes during the implantation period, constructed a microRNA co-expression network, and established predictive models for BPL. Finally, the sequencing results were confirmed by Taqman RT-qPCR. Results BPL patients have distinct plasma microRNA profiles compared to CP patients at multiple time-points during the peri-implantation period. Machine learning models revealed that plasma microRNAs could predict BPL. RT-qPCR confirmed that miR-181a-2-3p, miR-9-5p, miR-150-3p, miR-150-5p, and miR-98-5p, miR-363-3p were significantly differentially expressed between patients with different reproductive outcomes. Conclusion Our study highlights the non-invasive value of plasma microRNAs in predicting BPL.

Objective We examined the factors influencing hospitalization and prognosis among patients with non-small cell lung cancer receiving epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI) targeted therapy during the first wave of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Methods In total, 267 patients diagnosed with NSCLC who were receiving treatment with third-generation EGFR-TKIs were included in our retrospective study. Data on patients’ demographics, clinical characteristics, and survival were collected and analyzed. Results Over a mean follow-up of 18 months, 80.5% (215/267) of the patients contracted COVID-19, and 12.6% (27/215) of these patients were hospitalized for COVID-19 treatment. Vaccinated patients, those with body mass index (BMI) ≥22.3 kg/m 2 , and those with no comorbidities had lower rates of infection and hospitalization than unvaccinated patients, those with BMI

BackgroundThis research aims to explore the intellectual landscape of studies in perioperative enteral nutrition (PEN) and identify trends and research frontiers in the field.MethodsScientometric research was conducted through the analysis of bibliographic records from the Web of Science Core Collection Database for the period 2014–2023. Analyses performed using CiteSpace software included cooperation network analysis, reference co-citation analysis, and keywords co-occurrence analysis.ResultsThe analysis included 3,671 valid records in the final dataset. Findings indicate an upward trend in annual publications, with the United States leading in research output and Harvard University as the top publishing institution. The Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition was identified as the most productive journal. Notable research hotspots include enhanced recovery after surgery, early enteral nutrition, intestinal failure, short bowel syndrome, abdominal surgery. Evidence-based articles have emerged as the predominant literature type. Future research trends are anticipated to focus on gut microbiota and patients with congenital heart disease.ConclusionOur study provides a comprehensive analysis of the publication volume, contributions by country/region and institutions, journal outlets, and reference and keyword clusters in the field of PEN over the decade. The findings provide valuable insights for researchers, policymakers, and clinicians, helping them comprehend the research landscape, identify gaps, and shape future research directions in this field.

Gravity energy storage is a type of energy storage method that utilizes gravitational potential energy to store energy. In recent years, it has been widely concerned by scholars and enterprises at home and abroad for its unique advantages. From the perspective of long-term profit, the economic analysis of the gravity energy storage system is essential. In previous studies, only some specific economic models are available for describing the gravity energy storage system. This article proposes a revenue model for the gravity energy storage system first. Then, suggest a method for operating and scheduling a decentralized slope-based gravity energy storage system based on peak valley electricity prices. This method aligns with the current business model of using user-side energy storage to participate in power system auxiliary services. Last, verify the feasibility of the process through analysis. This study will make a beneficial attempt for the market promotion and application of gravity energy storage.

Deformable wave energy converters have significant potential for application as flexible material that can mitigate structural issues, while how to design the dimensions and choose an optimal deployment location remain unclear. In this paper, fully coupled computational fluid dynamics and computational solid mechanics were used to simulate the dynamic interactions between ocean waves and a deformable wave energy converter. The simulation results showed that the relative length to wave, deployment depth and aspect ratio of the device have significant effects on the energy conversion efficiency. By calculating the energy captured per unit width of the device, the energy efficiency was found to be up to 138%. The optimal energy conversion efficiencies were achieved when the structure length was 0.25, 0.5 or 0.75 of the dominating wavelength and submerged at a corresponding suitable depth. The aspect ratio and maximum stress inside the wave energy converter showed a nonlinear trend, with potential optimal points revealed. The simulation approach and results support the future design and optimisation of flexiable wave energy converters or other marine structures with notable deformations.

Metal-organic framework (MOF) materials, characterized by their porosity and large specific surface areas, exhibit excellent adsorption properties. With the aim of removing Te(IV) from environmental aquatic systems, this study is the first to propose the use of MIL-100(Fe). The material reveals a strong adsorption capacity for Te(IV), with maximum adsorption of 531.9 mg/g, superior to other adsorbent materials. Adsorption isotherm and kinetic models indicate that the adsorption process primarily involves monolayer chemical adsorption. According to the thermodynamic parameters, the adsorption reaction is endothermic. The experiment individually examined factors affecting the material's adsorption performance, including adsorbent dose, initial concentration of Te(IV), pH, adsorption time, and coexisting ions. Even under high ion strength conditions and high concentrations of coexisting ions, the material's adsorption efficiency for Te(IV) still reached over 94%. The material has been successfully applied to remove Te(IV) from lake water, river water, and seawater, yielding satisfactory results. Due to the high salinity and ionic strength of the solution, the removal efficiency of Te(IV) in the seawater matrix was slightly lower than that in freshwater (river and lake water). Thus, this material shows promise for the removal of Te(IV) from complex aquatic systems. HIGHLIGHTS MIL-100(Fe) was prepared and characterized.; The Te(IV) can be adsorbed by MIL-100(Fe) effectively, and the adsorption process was primarily a monolayer chemical adsorption and an endothermic reaction.; The Te(IV) can be removed effectively in environmental water supplies by MIL-100(Fe).;

Abstract Background Lamiophlomis rotata (Benth.) Kudo (L. rotata), the oral Traditional Tibetan herbal medicine, is adopted for treating knife and gun wounds for a long time. As previously demonstrated, total iridoid glycoside extract of L. rotata (IGLR) induced polarization of M2 macrophage to speed up wound healing. In diabetic wounds, high levels inflammatory and chemotactic factors are usually related to high reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. As a ROS target gene, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2), influences the differentiation of monocytes to M1/M2 macrophages. Fortunately, iridoid glycosides are naturally occurring active compounds that can be used as the oxygen radical scavenger. Nevertheless, the influence of IGLR in diabetic wound healing and its associated mechanism is largely unclear. Materials and methods With macrophages and dermal fibroblasts in vitro, as well as a thickness excision model of db/db mouse in vivo, the role of IGLR in diabetic wound healing and the probable mechanism of the action were investigated. Results Our results showed that IGLR suppressed oxidative distress and inflammation partly through the NRF2/cyclooxygenase2 (COX2) signaling pathway in vitro. The intercellular communication between macrophages and dermal fibroblasts was investigated by the conditioned medium (CM) of IGLR treatment cells. The CM increased the transcription and translation of collagen I (COL1A1) and alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) within fibroblasts. With diabetic wound mice, the data demonstrated IGLR activated the NRF2/KEAP1 signaling and the downstream targets of the pathway, inhibited COX2/PEG2 signaling and decreased the interaction inflammatory targets of the axis, like interleukin-1beta (IL-1β), interleukin 6 (IL-6), apoptosis-associated speck-like protein (ASC), cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase1 (caspase1) and NOD-like receptor-containing protein 3 (NLRP3).In addition, the deposition of COL1A1, and the level of α-SMA, and Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) obviously elevated, whereas that of pro-inflammatory factors reduced in the diabetic wound tissue with IGLR treatment. Conclusion IGLR suppressed oxidative distress and inflammation mainly through NRF2/COX2 axis, thus promoting paracrine and accelerating wound healing in diabetes mice. Graphical Abstract

Abstract Background Ubiquitination is a critical post-translational modification which can be reversed with an enzyme family known as deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs). It has been reported that dysregulation of deubiquitination leads to carcinogenesis. As a member of the DUBs family, proteasome 26 S subunit non-ATPase 7 (PSMD7) serves as an underlying tumour-promoting factor in multiple cancers. However, the clinical significance and biological functions of PSMD7 in pancreatic cancer (PC) remain unclear. Results In this study, we first reported frequent overexpression of PSMD7 in PC tissues, and high levels of PSMD7 were markedly linked to shorter survival and a malignant phenotype in PC patients. An array of in vitro and in vivo gain/loss-of-function tests revealed that PSMD7 facilitates the progression of PC cells. Additionally, we found that PSMD7 promotes PC cell progression by activating the Notch homolog 1 (Notch1) signalling. Interestingly, in PC cells, the inhibitory effect of PSMD7 knockdown on cellular processes was comparable to that observed upon Notch1 knockdown. Mechanistically, PSMD7 deubiquitinated and stabilised sex determining region Y (SRY)-box 2 (SOX2), a key mediator of Notch1 signalling. The stabilisation of SOX2, mediated by PSMD7, dramatically increased SOX2 protein levels, subsequently activating the Notch1 pathway. Finally, restoration of SOX2 expression abrogated the PSMD7-silenced antitumour effect. Conclusions Taken together, our work identifies and validates PSMD7 as a promoter of PC progression through augmentation of the Notch1 signalling pathway mediated by SOX2. This finding suggests that PSMD7 holds promise as a potential therapeutic target for the management of this refractory disease.

Abstract Dental caries, a highly prevalent oral disease, impacts a significant portion of the global population. Conventional approaches that indiscriminately eradicate microbes disrupt the natural equilibrium of the oral microbiota. In contrast, biointervention strategies aim to restore this balance by introducing beneficial microorganisms or inhibiting cariogenic ones. Over the past three decades, microbial preparations have garnered considerable attention in dental research for the prevention and treatment of dental caries. However, unlike related pathologies in the gastrointestinal, vaginal, and respiratory tracts, dental caries occurs on hard tissues such as tooth enamel and is closely associated with localized acid overproduction facilitated by cariogenic biofilms. Therefore, it is insufficient to rely solely on previous mechanisms to delineate the role of microbial preparations in the oral cavity. A more comprehensive perspective should involve considering the concepts of cariogenic biofilms. This review elucidates the latest research progress, mechanisms of action, challenges, and future research directions regarding probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, and postbiotics for the prevention and treatment of dental caries, taking into account the unique pathogenic mechanisms of dental caries. With an enhanced understanding of oral microbiota, personalized microbial therapy will emerge as a critical future research trend.

Abstract Background Glioma recurrence, subsequent to maximal safe resection, remains a pivotal challenge. This study aimed to identify key clinical predictors influencing recurrence and develop predictive models to enhance neurological diagnostics and therapeutic strategies. Methods This longitudinal cohort study with a substantial sample size (n = 2825) included patients with non-recurrent glioma who were pathologically diagnosed and had undergone initial surgical resection between 2010 and 2018. Logistic regression models and stratified Cox proportional hazards models were established with the top 15 clinical variables significantly influencing outcomes screened by the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) method. Preoperative and postoperative models predicting short-term (within 6 months) postoperative recurrence in glioma patients were developed to explore the risk factors associated with short- and long-term recurrence in glioma patients. Results Preoperative and postoperative logistic models predicting short-term recurrence had accuracies of 0.78 and 0.87, respectively. A range of biological and early symptomatic characteristics linked to short- and long-term recurrence have been pinpointed. Age, headache, muscle weakness, tumor location and Karnofsky score represented significant odd ratios (t > 2.65, p 4.12, p

Abstract Background Aphids often harbor bacterial symbionts that confer resistance to biotic and abiotic stress. Previous studies have primarily examined the direct effects of symbiont infection on parasitoid success but less on aphid population dynamics under indirect parasitic situations, for example when exposed to parasitoid wasp odor. Deciphering this type of indirect effect is essential for understanding dynamics of insect ecosystems and communities and to improve IPM success. Methods We generated Sitobion avenae aphid clonal lines that are genetically identical but differ in Regiella insecticola infection. Then, the indirect odor effect of female parasitoid wasp Aphidius gifuensis (Ashmaed), one of its major natural enemies in the fields, was examined on the aphid lines fitness using different parasitoid densities. With these lines we also tested the direct effect of symbiont presence on aphid resistance against different parasitoid densities. Results Our study found fitness costs for the aphid line hosting Regiella, mainly via an increase in the development time and a reduction in population increase rate. Some of these fitness traits were influenced by the indirect exposure to parasitoid wasp odor with a density effect. Presence of the symbiont also reduced A. gifuensis parasitic success, increased the wasp development time and decreased its emergence weight with low effect of the parasitoid density used for parasitism. Conclusions These results showed that aphid population dynamic was mainly affected by the symbiont presence, but not by parasitoid odor. Symbiont presence also protected aphid from parasitism and affected parasitoid offspring weight and hence their future individual fertility and fitness.

Abstract Background The aim of this article is to establish an external quality assessment (EQA) scheme for sperm Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) fragmentation (SDF) detection, and to assess the feasibility of the scheme. In addition, this article provides some case analysis of abnormal results in order to really help improve the performance of the laboratory. Results In 2021 and 2022, 10 and 28 laboratories in China volunteered to participate in the EQA program respectively. Two samples were selected for EQA each year, a large spread of results was obtained for the four samples, and the highest values were 13.7, 4.2, 8.0 and 4.0 times the lowest respectively. The coefficients of variation (CVs) were very high for the four samples, at 46.6%, 30.1%, 26.7% and 30.3%, respectively. The CVs of the samples with high SDF values were lower than those of the samples with low SDF values. There was no significant difference between the results of sperm chromatin structure assay (SCSA) and sperm chromatin dispersion (SCD). For the 10 laboratories that participated in EQA in 2021 and 2022, the CVs of low SDF value samples and high SDF value samples decreased from 46.6% and 30.1% in 2021 to 32.5% and 22.7% in 2022, respectively. Conclusion This is the first study to evaluate the EQA program on SDF, which involved a number of laboratories and was demonstrated to be feasible. It is recommended that all laboratories participate in the EQA of SDF to ensure the accuracy of the results.

Abstract Background The basic leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factor family is one of the most abundant and evolutionarily conserved gene families in plants. It assumes crucial functions in the life cycle of plants, including pathogen defense, secondary metabolism, stress response, seed maturation, and flower development. Although the genome of wax gourd has been published, little is known about the functions, evolutionary background, and gene expression patterns of the bZIP gene family, which limits its utilization. Results A total of 61 bZIP genes (BhbZIPs) were identified from wax gourd (Benincasa hispida) genome and divided into 12 subgroups. Whole-genome duplication (WGD) and dispersed duplication (DSD) were the main driving forces of bZIP gene family expansion in wax gourd, and this family may have undergone intense purifying selection pressure during the evolutionary process. We selected BhbZIP58, only one in the member of subgroup B, to study its expression patterns under different stresses, including heat, salt, drought, cold stress, and ABA treatment. Surprisingly, BhbZIP58 had a dramatic response under heat stress. BhbZIP58 showed the highest expression level in the root compared with leaves, stem, stamen, pistil, and ovary. In addition, BhbZIP58 protein was located in the nucleus and had transcriptional activation activity. Overexpression of BhbZIP58 in Arabidopsis enhanced their heat tolerance. Conclusions In this study, bZIP gene family is systematically bioinformatically in wax gourd for the first time. Particularly, BhbZIP58 may have an important role in heat stress. It will facilitate further research on the bZIP gene family regarding their evolutionary history and biological functions.

Melon (Cucumis melo) includes more than ten botanical groups, many of which feature netting ornamentation on the surface of mature fruit. Ripe melons display a netted skin that signifies their ripeness and readiness for consumption. Previously, we identified SKIN NETTING (CmSN), which encodes an EamA-like transporter family protein, as the candidate gene controlling fruit skin netting formation in melon, while its biological functions remain unclear. In this study, we demonstrated that the expression of the CmSN gene was considerably lower in netted melons compared to smooth-skinned melons, indicating a negative correlation between CmSN expression and netting formation. Subsequently, we employed transient overexpression and virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) experiments to explore the role of CmSN gene during fruit development. Overexpression of the CmSN gene inhibited netting development, whereas silencing it promoted netting formation. Using heterologous transformation in tomato, we further confirmed the effect of the CmSN gene on rind texture and toughness, as these tomatoes exhibited rougher and tougher skins. Analysis with near-isogenic lines (NILs) revealed that CmSN gene-bearing fruits (NIL_CmSN) possessed significantly harder rinds than the control smooth-skinned variety HB42, underscoring the role of CmSN in enhancing rind protection. Together, our research offers essential insights into the netting formation and genetic improvement of melon fruits.

Surface acoustic waves (SAWs) are excited by femtosecond extreme ultraviolet (EUV) transient gratings (TGs) in a room-temperature ferrimagnetic DyCo5 alloy. TGs are generated by crossing a pair of EUV pulses from a free electron laser with the wavelength of 20.8 nm matching the Co M-edge, resulting in a SAW wavelength of Λ = 44 nm. Using the pump-probe transient grating scheme in reflection geometry, the excited SAWs could be followed in the time range of −10 to 100 ps in the thin film. Coherent generation of TGs by ultrafast EUV pulses allows to excite SAW in any material and to investigate their couplings to other dynamics, such as spin waves and orbital dynamics. In contrast, we encountered challenges in detecting electronic and magnetic signals, potentially due to the dominance of the larger SAW signal and the weakened reflection signal from underlying layers. A potential solution for the latter challenge involves employing soft x-ray probes, albeit introducing additional complexities associated with the required grazing incidence geometry.

Background: The coexistence of Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is becoming more prevalent, which not only exacerbates the original hepatitis symptoms, but also boosts the likelihood of cirrhosis and hepatocellular cancer (HCC). Nevertheless, the common mechanism of its occurrence is still obscure, the purpose of this study is to discover the shared pathogenesis. Methods: The Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database was used to get the gene expression data sets for CHB (GSE83148) and NAFLD (GSE89632). Following the identification of the common differentially expressed genes (DEGs), functional annotation was carried out. Moreover, protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and key sub-network were constructed. Finally, the hub gene was discovered and their transcription factors (TFs) analysis were performed. Results: In the subsequent analyses, 54 common DEGs were selected. Functional analysis highlights the crucial role of immunity in these two diseases. Furthermore, IL2RB, GZMH, NKG7, CD2, CD48, TCF19, CXCL9, CCNA2, GZMA, CD8A, TNFAIP8L2, CD3D, TYMS, PRF1 and CCL5 were identified as significant hub genes, as their TFs were SP1, TP53, and ESR1. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that an immune-related mechanism may be the core pathogenesis of CHB and NAFLD, the clue sheds light on further mechanism research.

Abstract This study focused on the factors that influence innovation performance in housing agents. Based on a worldwide literature review on the topic of innovation performance, we defined relational capital, knowledge sharing at the individual level, and organizational culture, structural capital, and human resource management practices at the organizational level to carry out the analysis using hierarchical linear modeling. The survey subjects were housing agents in Kaohsiung City, Taiwan. A total of 1130 questionnaires were distributed to 113 agencies. Of a total of 444 collected surveys, 40 unanswered questionnaires were invalid and three with fewer than three answers were eliminated. The final number of valid questionnaires was 401. The response rate of effective questionnaires was 35.49%. The results show that organizational culture can indirectly affect innovation performance through knowledge sharing, indicating that there is a partial mediating effect. Structural capital can indirectly affect innovation performance through knowledge sharing, demonstrating a complete mediating effect. Relational capital can indirectly affect innovation performance through knowledge sharing, having a partial mediating effect. Human resource management practices did not have a confounding effect on innovation performance.