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Accurate three-dimensional spatiotemporal distribution information on near-surface aerosols is of great significance for environmental research. In this study, a 3D scanning coaxial Mie lidar (3D-STML) was developed to achieve a fast three-dimensional scanning observation of aerosol diffusion processes in near-surface areas. 3D-STML generates high-spatiotemporal resolution images of aerosol extinction coefficient in real-time and captures the dynamic changes of aerosols in near real-time. By optimizing the design of the light guide mirror and the telescope sub-mirror, the system has a small overlap. Based on this, a highly stable and high-speed mechanical rotation mechanism was developed to enable three-dimensional observations. The integration of a solid-state high-repetition-rate pulsed laser and a coaxial, optical system for the transmitter and receiver ensures rapid tracking of aerosol plumes. To meet the observation requirements of near-surface aerosols, an aerosol inversion algorithm combining the Fernald and Klett methods was designed and developed. For aerosol plume monitoring needs, an aerosol plume-tracking algorithm based on Kalman filtering was developed to track the spatiotemporal evolution of aerosols automatically. Experimental results demonstrated that 3D-STML is capable of detecting aerosols in a range from 15 m to 4 km, with a distance resolution of 1.5 m and a time resolution of 0.083 s. It can effectively track and capture aerosol plumes. It can be used for large-scale, long-term observation of near-surface aerosols and for monitoring the spatiotemporal evolution of aerosol plumes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The worsening of climate conditions is closely related to the large amount of carbon dioxide produced by human use of fossil fuels. Under the guidance of the goal of "carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals", with the deepening of the structural reform of the energy supply side, the hybrid energy system coupled with renewable energy has become an important means to solve the energy problem. This paper focuses on the comprehensive evaluation of hybrid energy systems. A complete decision support system is constructed in this study. The system primarily consists of four components: 1) Twelve evaluation criteria from economic, environmental, technological, and socio-political perspectives; 2) A decision information collecting and processing method in uncertain environment combining triangular fuzzy numbers and hesitation fuzzy language term sets; 3) A comprehensive weighting method based on Lagrange optimization theory; 4) Solution ranking based on the fuzzy VIKOR method that considers the risk preferences of decision-makers. Through a case study, it was found that the four most important criteria are investment cost, comprehensive energy efficiency, dynamic payback period and energy supply reliability with weights of 7.21%, 7.17%, 7.17%, and 7.15% respectively. A1 is the scheme with the best comprehensive benefit. The selection of solutions may vary depending on the decision-maker's risk preference. Through the aforementioned research, the decision framework enables the evaluation of the overall performance of the system and provides decision-making references for decision-makers in selecting solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, the rapid increase in the data volume to be processed has led to urgent requirements for highly efficient computing paradigms. Brain-like computing that mimics the way the biological brain processes information has attracted growing interest due to extremely high energy efficiency. Particularly, dynamics play an essential role in neural spike information processing. Here, we offer a brief review and perspective in the field of electrolyte-gated neuromorphic transistors for brain-like dynamic computing. We first introduce the biological foundation of dynamic neural functions. Then dynamic synaptic plasticity, dynamic dendritic integration, dynamic neural functions, and bio-inspired somatosensory systems realized based on the electrolyte-gated neuromorphic transistors are presented. At last, conclusions and perspectives are given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]