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The genome of plants is organized into chromatin. The chromatin structure regulates the rates of DNA metabolic processes such as replication, transcription, DNA recombination, and repair. Different aspects of plant growth and development are regulated by changes in chromatin status by the action of chromatin-remodeling activities. Recent data have also shown that many of these chromatin-associated proteins participate in different aspects of the DNA damage response, regulating DNA damage and repair, cell cycle progression, programmed cell death, and entry into the endocycle. In this review, we present different examples of proteins and chromatin-modifying enzymes with roles during DNA damage responses, demonstrating that rapid changes in chromatin structure are essential to maintain genome stability. FONCyT grants PICT 2016-141 and PICT 2018-798 to PC. PC is a member of the Researcher Career of CONICET and a Professor at UNR. MSG was a postdoctoral fellow from CONICET

Authors’ original file for figure 1

Additional file 7:Figure S6. Metabolic profiling of irradiated and 6 h in 2 leaves with control untreated plants during 1 and 6 h. As a control, samples from fully irradiated leaves for 4 h (UV-B), and control untreated leaves (NI) are included. CA/PE: comparison of metabolite levels in leaves covered with a plastic that allows UV-B transmittance (CA) vs. levels in leaves covered with a plastic sheath that absorbs UV-B (PE, see Material and methods); PE UV-B/C: comparison of metabolites from PE-covered leaves in plants exposed to UV-B to those from PE-covered leaves in non-irradiated plants; UV-B/CA: metabolite level comparison in leaves that are directly UV-B-irradiated vs. levels in leaves covered with a plastic that allows UV-B transmittance (CA). Statistical analysis was done using one way ANOVA; statistically significant differences are labeled with * (α = 0.05). (PDF 577 KB)

Additional file 8:Figure S7. Metabolic profiling of irradiated and shielded leaves with varying canopy exposure to UV-B radiation. As a control, samples from fully UV-B-irradiated leaves for 4 h (UV-B), and control untreated leaves (C) are included. Statistical analysis was done using one way ANOVA; statistically significant differences are labeled with letters a and b (α = 0.05). (PDF 753 KB)

Additional file 1:Figure S1. Classification of UV-B-regulated genes identified by microarrays based on their putative function in fully UV-B-irradiated plants (WPI). (a and b) transcripts that are up (a) and down (b) regulated in fully UV-B-irradiated plants; (c and d) transcripts that are up (c) and down (d) regulated only in fully UV-B-irradiated plants and not when plants are only irradiated in 1, 2 or 3 leaves per plant. Classification was done for the UV-B-regulated transcripts that are changed at least 2-fold (p < 0.05). (PDF 253 KB)

Additional file of Transcriptomic, proteomic and metabolomic analysis of UV-B signaling in maize

Additional file 4:Figure S3. Venn diagrams comparing transcriptome changes in leaves that were covered with a plastic sheath that absorbs UV-B. Only two adult leaves per plant were irradiated over a time course of 1, 2, 4, and 6 h. Up-regulated genes are in red, down-regulated genes are in green. (a) Intersection of genes differentially expressed in irradiated leaves; (b) Intersection of genes differentially expressed in shielded leaves; (c) Intersection of genes differentially expressed in immature ears. Each sample was compared to plants under control conditions in the absence of UV-B (NI). Transcripts showing changes higher than 2-fold (p < 0.05) were included in the classification. (PDF 289 KB)

Additional file 3:Figure S2. (a) Venn diagrams comparing transcriptome changes in shielded leaves that were irradiated in the absence of UV-B. Up-regulated genes are in red, down-regulated genes are in green. (PDF 245 KB)