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Ancient dental calculus represents one of the most recent and innovative sources of archaeobotanical record. Exploring this matrix, diet, past ecology, and ethnobotanical practices of antique communities may be elucidated. In the present case-study, the tartar of an Imperial Roman man, likely a salt worker, found in the necropolis of Castel Malnome (Rome, Latium, Italy) and affected by bilateral temporo-mandibular joint ankylosis, was investigated. Despite his rare and extremely disabling affection, this male individual reached adulthood thanks to the forced removal of the anterior teeth, which allowed him to eat. Starches of Poeae and Triticeae tribe were detected, although the largest amount of the granules appeared gelatinized, suggesting that maybe the inhumate consumed well-cooked and semi-liquid stuff, due to his non-functional masticatory activity. Urticaceae and clover pollen grains documented unintentional aspiration or voluntary use of these plants as ingredients for meals and therapeutic decoctions. Indeed, since Roman times, written sources have documented nettle as an anti-inflammatory remedy to treat joint and muscle pains. Finally, the identification of secondary metabolites ascribable to the Brassicaceae family, Artemisia L., and Ephedra L. genera, paves the way for hypothesizing the consumption of these Mediterranean species with several nutritional and nutraceutical properties. All this evidence opens a picture window onto the life of this man, which should be well integrated into his community and natural environment despite the functional impairment.

Dental calculus and other preserved microbiome substrates are an attractive target for dietary reconstruction in past populations through a variety of physical, chemical, and molecular means. Recently, studies have attempted to reconstruct diet from archaeological dental calculus using archaeogenetic techniques. While dental calculus may provide a relatively stable environment for DNA preservation, the detection of plants and animals possibly consumed by an individual through DNA analysis is primarily hindered by microbial richness and incomplete reference databases. Moreover, high genomic similarity within eukaryotic groups 1. Introduction 2. Materials and methods 3. Results 3.1. Effects of low read counts on damage patterns 3.2. Identification of dietary reads from synthetic datasets 3.3. Identification of dietary reads from real datasets 4. Discussion and conclusions 4.1. Checklist for authors and reviewers 4.1.1. Field/storage contamination 4.1.2. Is the laboratory methodology suitable for aDNA authentication? 4.1.3. Is the database and pipeline suitable? 4.1.4. Is the taxonomic resolution analyzed sufficient for reliable interpretation? 4.1.5. Have unexpected taxa been reported and evaluated? 4.1.6. Have laboratory controls been evaluated alongside samples? 4.1.7. Has evidence of aDNA authenticity been provided? 4.1.8. Is there other evidence supporting that dietary organisms were consumed?

A 30-year-old woman presented with right-sided abdominal pain associated with fever. Her ultrasound showed right renal calculus with no hydronephrosis along with collection in peritoneal cavity and pouch of Douglas. CT showed ruptured right kidney with multiple renal and ureteric calculi as well as displaced renal calculi in perinephric space and pararenal space. Exploratory laparotomy and right nephroureterectomy were done. Nephrolithiasis with secondary infection makes the kidney fragile due to pathological changes, which may cause rupture of the renal calyces with trivial trauma or may be spontaneous. Distal obstruction by the stone and increased back pressure in the calyces may have added to the spontaneous rupture of the calyx and subsequently renal parenchyma. Management includes early exploration with nephrectomy and it is often life saving.

En este documento se presentan los resultados obtenidos en el marco del programa de asesorías CREE para estudiantes de Cálculo I, curso que se imparte en el primer semestre de los programas de Ingeniería en la Universidad del Norte, en torno a su incidencia sobre las tasas de mortalidad académica. El programa de asesorías CREE, para estudiantes de Cálculo I consta de dos actividades principales: los cursos de apoyo instruccional, con una intensidad de dos horas semanales, y las clases de preparación de exámenes, con una intensidad de tres a cuatro horas una semana antes da cada examen. Estas asesorías ofrecen a los estudiantes posibilidades de interactuar con otros docentes que apoyan su proceso de formación académica.

This study presents the results of integrated isotopic and dental calculus analyses of a number of individuals buried in two cemeteries of Roman and medieval chronology in Lamon(Belluno), northern Italy. Eleven individuals from the Roman cemetery of San Donato and six from the medieval cemetery of San Pietro are presented and discussed. The results suggest a continuity of geographic residence for the two populations, with most of the analysed individuals showing a local or regional origin. Carbon and nitrogen isotopes are indicative of a diet based on a mixed C3/C4 plant consumption and rich in animal proteins, with no significant difference between the Roman and the medieval populations. The consumption of C4 plants, more resilient to the Alpine climate, is consistently documented both by isotopes and dental calculus. Dental calculus results permit the characterisation of the typology of the crop consumed, namely millet, barley/wheat and legumes and may also suggest differing cooking processes between the Roman and the medieval periods. Phytoliths, vascular elements, fungal spores and animal remains from dental calculus provide new insights into the diet of the analysed individuals but also, hypothetically, into possible medicinal treatments. The presence of birds such as fowls and ducks in the medieval diet of some individuals from San Pietro has also emerged. Overall, the results of this study open a new window into the biographies of the individuals analysed, their diet, mobility, habits, and environment, thus stimulating further and more systematic investigation on the populations occupying an Alpine sector which is still poorly understood from an archaeological perspective.

Calculus is traditionally tested, at least in part, by a closed book written examination taken under secure conditions. In March 2020, two-thirds of the way through a vector calculus course, our institution went into lockdown and all teaching and assessment had to shift online. While some teachers insisted that remotely written non-proctored examinations remain closed book, we accepted that this would result in inequity, with some students certainly choosing to flout that rule should it be imposed, to their advantage over their classmates. Driven by circumstance, we were forced to design a vector calculus examination that would be written open book and ‘open internet’ with access to online calculators and computer graphing packages. Proficiency at vector calculus is exhibited far more in the interpretation of information and effective decision-making than in the computational solving of integrals. In this article, we shall present and discuss our experiences, address the challenge of non-proctored examinations and argue for the merit of open book examinations in an otherwise standard vector calculus course.

The removal of calculus is a major part of periodontal treatment, in order to improve the clinical situation. Calculus develops on hard tissues in the oral cavity. This can occur both supra- and subgingivally. The rate of its development depends on a variety of factors. Due to the rough surface, calculus is an ideal basis for a (harmful) biofilm. It is therefore a point of debate whether the calculus or the overlaying biofilm can lead to the periodontal inflammation. This in turn raises the question whether only this biofilm needs to be removed or whether the calculus also needs to be removed. As long as ten centuries ago, the removal of calculus was used as a treatment for improving oral health and that is not very different today.In de parodontale behandeling vormt de verwijdering van tandsteen een belangrijk onderdeel om de klinische situatie te verbeteren. Tandsteen vormt zich op harde weefsels in de mondholte. Dit kan zowel supra- als subgingivaal plaatsvinden. De mate waarin dit gebeurt is afhankelijk van veel verschillende factoren. Door het ruwe oppervlak vormt tandsteen een ideale bodem voor een (schadelijke) biofilm. Het is dan ook een punt van discussie of juist het tandsteen of de oppervlakkige biofilm tot een parodontale ontsteking kan leiden. En daar vloeit de vraag uit voort of het dan alleen deze biofilm is die verwijderd moet worden of dat ook het tandsteen verwijderd moet worden. Al meer dan 10 eeuwen geleden werd tandsteen verwijderd voor de verbetering van de mondgezondheid en dat is eigenlijk niet veel anders vandaag de dag.

In this paper, we present some results for a fractional derivative of type $q$ uniform defined by the authors in a previous work, and which are generalizations of known classical results of ordinary calculus.

Purpose The current research is aimed at analyzing the relationship between kidney stone (KS) and abdominal aortic calcification (AAC) and the relationship between KS components and AAC. Methods This is a retrospective, case–control study. Kidney stone formers (KSFs) were treated at the Department of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University for urological calculus disease from January 2014 to January 2020. Matched non-stone formers (non-SFs) were drawn from the same hospital for routine health examination from January 2018 to February 2019. Research-related information was collected and reviewed retrospectively from the hospital’s computerized records. AAC were evaluated using available results of computed tomography imaging and abdominal vascular ultrasound. The relationships of AAC between KSFs and non-SFs were compared. The composition of renal calculi was analyzed by Fourier-transform infrared spectrophotometer. KSFs were divided into AAC groups and non-AAC based on AAC. The relationship of the composition of renal calculi between AAC and non-AAC were compared. The independent-sample t test, the chi-squared test and binary logistics regression were performed. Results Altogether, 4516 people were included, with 1027 KSFs and 3489 non-SFs. There were no significant differences in the laboratory parameters between KSFs and non-SFs. The association between the presence of AAC and KS was significant in multivariable model 2 [adjusting hypertension, diabetes mellitus, fasting blood glucose, uric acid, serum triglyceride (TG), serum calcium, and urine pH] (OR 5.756, 95% CI 4.616–7.177, p p = 0.048). Conclusions The current study pioneered the revelation of the relationship between CaOx and AAC. Through an elimination of the confounding factors, the study demonstrated that KS and AAC were connected.

The paradigm shift from traditional didactic instruction to technology-enriched teaching and learning environments significantly benefits learners. Educational technology can visualize abstract mathematical concepts contextually and graphically and allow learners to actively construct this knowledge. This study aims to ascertain the efficacy of a computer-assisted instruction method using GeoGebra in further developing the concept of the function limit for grade XI students. This study employed a quasi-experiment static-group comparison design with 60 students from Gongzim Ugyen Dorji Central School at Haa in Bhutan. The students were divided into two equal groups. Group ‘A’ used the GeoGebra software, while group ‘B’ used the conventional method to learn the limit of the function. The data was collected through a Conceptual Knowledge Test of Limit Function. In addition, an independent sample t-test was employed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS 22.0). This study demonstrated that students who were taught using GeoGebra outperformed those who learned through conventional methods. The results confirmed that GeoGebra software could enhance and significantly improve students’ conceptual understanding of the limit of the function.

In this paper, we summarize the local fractal calculus, called F-alpha-calculus, which defines derivatives and integrals of functions with fractal domains of non-integer dimensions, functions for which ordinary calculus fails. Hyers-Ulam stability provides a method to find approximate solutions for equations where the exact solution cannot be found. Here, we generalize Hyers-Ulam stability to be applied to oi-order linear fractal differential equations. The nuclear decay law involving fractal time is suggested, and it is proved to be fractally Hyers-Ulam stable.

As part of a departmental reform project, a large University converted a “Precalculus College Mathematics” lecture-based course for 97 students into an active learning flipped classroom for first-y...

As of late quantum calculus is broadly utilized in different parts of mathematics. Uniquely, the hypothesis of univalent functions can be newly portrayed by utilizing q -calculus. In this paper, we utilize our recently presented symmetric p , q -number m ˜ p , q to characterize new symmetric p , q -derivative D p , q of analytic function f in the open unit disk U . Utilizing D p , q , we introduce new class of analytic star-like functions and examine some fascinating results.

In our present investigation, by applying q -calculus operator theory, we define some new subclasses of m -fold symmetric analytic and bi-univalent functions in the open unit disk U = z ∈ ℂ : z < 1 and use the Faber polynomial expansion to find upper bounds of a m k + 1 and initial coefficient bounds for a m + 1 and a 2 m + 1 as well as Fekete-Szego inequalities for the functions belonging to newly defined subclasses. Also, we highlight some new and known corollaries of our main results.

In this paper, the authors question the value of a required calculus class for undergraduate business students. We use the tenets of Transfer of Learning theory along with the Theory of Formal Disc...

BACKGROUND: Foreign bodies introduced by patients into the bladder and urethra are relatively rare in clinical practice. As a result, there is insufficient information in the scientific literature regarding methods of extracting foreign bodies from the urinary tract. AIM: determination of the optimal methods for extracting foreign bodies from the urethra and bladder. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Foreign bodies of the lower urinary tract were removed in 21 patients: 15 (71.4%) men and 6 (28.6%) women. Foreign bodies were found in the urethra in 7 (33.3%) patients and in the bladder in 14 (66.7%) patients. Removal of foreign bodies from the urethra and bladder was performed endoscopically or during open surgery. RESULTS: Removal of stabbing, cutting and glass objects from the urinary tract in 9 patients was performed during open surgery. Foreign bodies with even smooth edges were removed in 12 patients under urethrocystoscopic control. At the same time, in two patients, coagulated suppositories were first fragmented in the bladder cavity, and then removed in parts. Cystolithotripsy was performed in one patient with a suppository inlaid with calculus before fragmentation. CONCLUSIONS: Foreign bodies with sharp edges or made of glass are safer to be removed from the lower urinary tract during open surgery. Foreign bodies with a smooth and even surface are optimally removed endoscopically. Long and bulky foreign objects that can be fragmented in the bladder cavity are best removed in parts. When foreign bodies are encrusted with large calculi, cystolithotripsy should be performed before their endoscopic extraction.

In this article, we aim to develop new k , s -fractional integral and differential operators containing S -functions as kernels in a form of generalized k -Mittag-Leffer functions. We also set up various properties of such operators. Furthermore, we consider a variety of implications of the major outcomes that will be very useful in the implementation of scientific, engineering, and technical problems.

Renal calculus is a stone like body composed of urinary salts bound together by a colloid matrix of organic materials [1]. In the United states 13% of men and 7% of women will develop a kidney stone during their lifetime and the prevalence is increasing throughout the industrialized world [2]. Men are more frequently affected by renal calculus than women with a ratio of 2.5:1 [3]. This case represents a case of nephrolithiasis treated with homoeopathic remedy Lycopodium. A 33 year old female patient visited OPD on 26/10/2018. She was complaining of severe pain in lower abdomen with nausea and dull colicky pain in both renal angles. There was burning in urethra during urination. This patient improved with Lycopodium 1M, single dose.

Given the importance of the ability to use variables flexibly in Calculus and students’ difficulties related to various uses of variables, this study examined how variables are treated in calculus ...

This paper represents the first result of an active collaboration between the University of Sannio and the San Pio Hospital (Benevento, Italy), started in the 2018, that aims to a detailed mineralogical investigation of urinary stones of patients from Campania region. Herein, selected human bladder stones have been deeply characterized for clinical purposes and environmental biomonitoring, focusing on the importance to evaluate the concentration and distribution of undesired trace elements by means of microscopic techniques in the place of conventional wet chemical analyses. A rare bladder stones with a sea-urchin appearance, known as jackstone calculus, were also investigated (along with bladder stones made of uric acid and brushite) by means a comprehensive analytical approach, including Synchrotron X-ray Diffraction and Simultaneous Thermal Analyses. Main clinical assumptions were inferred according to the morpho-constitutional classification of bladder stones and information about patient’s medical history and lifestyle. In most of the analyzed uroliths, undesired trace elements such as copper, cadmium, lead, chromium, mercury and arsenic have been detected and generally attributable to environmental pollution or contaminated food. Simultaneous occurrence of selenium and mercury should denote a methylmercury detoxification process, probably leading to the formation of a very rare HgSe compound known as tiemannite.

Introduction: In patients with a history of radical cystectomy and with intestinal diversion, urolithiasis in the upper urinary tract is a frequent event. Material and methods: We describe for the first time a case of retrograde endoureterotomy used to treat a calculus proximal to the ureterointestinal junction. Results: This technique is of interest when antegrade access is not possible. In our example, after passing the guidewire percutaneously, and externalize it through the stoma, the left meatus was reached with a resectoscope inserted through the ileal duct. After the use of a balloon to prevent migration of the calculus, a retrograde endoureterotomy was performed with a Collins knife and the stone removed. The patient’s progress was satisfactory. Conclusion: Endoscopic management of calculi in patients with intestinal diversion can be performed with different approaches. We recommend retrograde endoureterotomy as a feasible treatment option for the removal of impacted calculi at the ureterointestinal junction.

A 30-year old male Business man presented at the accident and emergency unit of Abnira Medical Centre in Jos city on account of inability to pass urine for over fifteen hours. There was concomitant excruciating lower abdominal pain and swelling that is tender to touch. A positive history of generalized weakness, fatigue, nausea, heamaturia was given. However, no fever, vomiting, headache nor history of fainting attacks. On examination, he was afebrile, acyanosed with associated tachycardia (pulse rate 121bpm) and tachypnea (respiratory rate of 27c/min).He was oriented in place, person and time with no focal neurological deficit. There were no cardiac and other respiratory signs picked on examination. His abdomen was soft and non-tender, with normal bowel sounds. However, there was renal angle tenderness. Biochemical investigations done on presentation showed normal sodium, potassium, chlorite, and bicarbonate. He has some evidence of dehydration and pre-renal azotemia (increased creatinine, urea and uric acid).His liver function tests, lipase, thyroid function test, phosphate, magnesium and albumin-corrected calcium were all normal.

We present an axiomatization of the non-associative Lambek calculus extended with classical negation for which the frame semantics with the classical interpretation of negation is sound and complete.

In the differential equation system describes the motion of GLONASS satellites (rus. Globalnaya Navigazionnaya Sputnikovaya Sistema, or Global Navigation Satellite System ), the acceleration caused by the luni-solar traction is often taken as a constant during the period of the integration. In this work-study, we assume that the acceleration due to the luni-solar traction is not constant but varies linearly during the period of integration following this assumption; the linear functions in the three axes of the luni-solar acceleration are computed for an interval of 30 min and then implemented into the differential equations. The use of the numerical integration of Runge-Kutta fourth-order is recommended in the GLONASS-ICD (Interface Control Document) to solve for the differential equation system in order to get an orbit solution. The computation of the position and velocity of a GLONASS satellite in this study is performed by using the Runge-Kutta fourth-order method in forward and backward integration, with initial conditions provided in the broadcast ephemerides file.

Efficacy of different approaches to the treatment in patients with ureteral calculi and predictive factors for the success are the objects of contemporary studies. However, only few on them studied the duration factor of typical ureterolithiasis symptoms and changes of the ureter wall as predictive factors of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) failure in patients with ureteral stones. The aim of the study was to determine the peculiarities of histological changes in the ureter wall as a result of calculus presence and to evaluate the predictive factors of ESWL failure in patients with ureterolithiasis. Materials and methods. An analysis of the treatment by ESWL in 662 patients with ureterolithiasis was performed. The patients were divided into two groups: Group 1, n = 629 (95.0 %) individuals with effective ESWL and Group 2, n = 33 (5.0 %) patients with ESWL failure when calculi were not eliminated. Stones were found in 378 (57.0 %) patients in the upper third of the ureter, in 50 (7.6 %) – in the middle and in 234 (35.4 %) – in the lower third. For determining the predictors of ESWL failure, the Spearman’s Rank Correlation Coefficient was used. Results. The overall ESWL efficacy in our study was 95.0 %. The strong inverse correlation was found between the ESWL success and duration of symptoms (r = -0.92) and stone size (r = -0.68). Stone localization in the ureter did not influence the ESWL outcomes (r = 0.27). Conclusions. Increasing of the period from the manifestation of primary clinical symptoms to the implementation of ESWL reduces the treatment efficacy. Patients with ureteral stones more than 15 mm have lower stone-free rates after ESWL.

Understanding the learning online students acquire through online course experiences is important as online course options and availability continue to expand. This study seeks to compare problem-solving techniques and course learning outcomes of Calculus students through the comparison of work completed by online and face-to-face Calculus students. Four assessment questions, regarding integration, will be reviewed in an effort to distinguish commonalities and/or differences in understanding and problem-solving strategies deployed by online and face-to-face Calculus students. Statistical analyses of question scores will include usage of Levene's test, Welch test, Brown-Forsythe test, and F-test. A qualitative analysis will also be conducted to analyze problem-solving strategies used by the online and face-to-face Calculus students.

Aim: The purpose of this research is to investigate the frequency of dental calculus in patients with kidney stone and without kidney stone. Methodology: Two hundred eighty-seven patients (143 men and 144 women) aged between 18 and 68 (mean age 38.38±13.74) were included in the study. Patients were divied two groups in which 143 subjects without kidney stones (group I) and 144 subject with kidney stones (group II). Intra-group and inter-group analyzes were performed in terms of periodontal status and dental calculus index according to educational level, frequency of toothbrushing and smoking. Results: The study sample consisted of 287 patients which 143 in group I, 144 in group II. The mean age of the group I was 36.77±12.81 years old, and group II was 39.98±14.47 years old. There was a statistically significant difference between periodontal status and education level, daily tooth brushing and smoking in group I and group II (p

In this paper we treat metasequents—objects which stand to sequents as sequents stand to formulas—as first class logical citizens. To this end we provide a metasequent calculus, a sequent calculus which allows us to directly manipulate metasequents. We show that the various metasequent calculi we consider are sound and complete w.r.t. appropriate classes of tetravaluations where validity is understood locally. Finally we use our metasequent calculus to give direct syntactic proofs of various collapse results, closing a problem left open in French (Ergo, 3(5), 113–131 2016).

We investigate how an inquiry-oriented, dynamic, open-source calculus textbook shaped one college instructor’s planning. We rely on Dietiker et al.’s [(2018). Research commentary: Curricular notici...

Summary–Historical problems related to cycloids form the background for an investigation of paths traced by rolling regular polygons. Using trigonometry, geometry, and calculus, the lengths of and ...

Some realistic applications of differential equations accessible to beginning calculus students appear to paint us a picture of imminent and inexorable catastrophe.Example 1. A model of Methanosarc...

Staghorn renal calculi are large, branched stones in the kidney that partially or completely fill the renal pelvis and renal calyces. Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) is the gold standard treatment for staghorn calculi. However, we report a retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) performed to treat a staghorn calculus in a patient with a solitary kidney and a deformed urinary tract. The 37-year-old male patient presented with right-sided lumbar pain. The computed tomography (CT) scan found a solitary kidney on the right side with an opaque 4.5 cm × 2.4 cm renal stone and grade I hydronephrosis. Additionally, a urinary tract deformity was observed, and it was secondary to the deformity of the pelvis caused by a previous pubis fracture, which significantly increased the risk and the difficulty of intrarenal surgery. A total number of 3 sessions of RIRS were conducted, and the patient was discharged 3 days after each session on average. The postoperative X-ray exam of the third session revealed that the renal stone was completely removed. The patient recovered well without any complications. This case demonstrates that RIRS is a safe and effective treatment of staghorn calculi with the presence of urinary tract deformation. This suggests RIRS may be of particular interest in minimizing the procedure-related damage of a solitary kidney.

Hisat-e-Kulyah(nephrolithiasis) is one of the most common urological diseases affecting approximately 15 % population worldwide and about 2.3% population of India. It results from a complex process of several physicochemical events including supersaturation, nucleation, growth, aggregation and retention with the kidney. A kidney stone is a hard crystalline mineral material formed within the kidney or urinary tract. Various dietary, non-dietary and urinary risk factors contribute to their formation. High fluid intake and adopting healthy lifestyle measures are some of the cost-effective measures in preventing renal stones. The present paper deals with a case study was conducted on a 13 years old male having multiple calculi (8-10) in left kidney and bilateral ureteric stones, were treated withQurs-e-Kaknaj,Qurs Kushta Hajrul Yahood,Sharbat-e-Bazoori Motadil.The efficacy of the drugswas assessed based on subjective and objective parameters. Ultrasonography (USG) of the abdomen was performed at baseline and after treatment of 1 month. The follow-up observation was 1 week and the duration of the study was 4 weeks. The clinical improved response was excellent and significant after 7 days of treatment. USG finding was suggestive of the absence of any calculus in the left kidney and ureter after 1 month of Unani treatment without any surgical intervention. The formulations were found to be safe, effective and to prevent urinary supersaturation of lithogenic substances.

By way of a close reading of Boole and Frege’s solutions to the same logical problem, we highlight an underappreciated aspect of Boole’s work—and of its difference with Frege’s better-known approach—which we believe sheds light on the concepts of ‘calculus’ and ‘mechanization’ and on their history. Boole has a clear notion of a logical problem; for him, the whole point of a logical calculus is to enable systematic and goal-directed solution methods for such problems. Frege’s Begriffsschrift, on the other hand, is a visual tool to scrutinize concepts and inferences, and is a calculus only in the thin sense that every possible transition between sentences is fully and unambiguously specified in advance. While Frege’s outlook has dominated much of philosophical thinking about logical symbolism, we believe there is value—particularly in light of recent interest in the role of notations in mathematics and logic—in reviving Boole’s idea of an intrinsic link between, as he put it, a ‘calculus’ and a ‘directive method’ to solve problems.

The purpose of this study is to investigate how students interpret expressions from calculus statements in the graphical register. To this end, I conducted 150-minute clinical interviews with 13 un...

Objective: To define predictors for initial retrograde ureteral stenting (RUS) failure with the need for the percutaneous nephrostomy (PCN) insertion as a drainage method in patients with complicated acute calculus obstructive uropathy. Methods: We undertook a retrospective evaluation of patients who presented with complicated obstructive calculus uropathy (acute renal failure or obstructive pyelonephritis) between January 2016 and January 2020. Patients in whom there was failure to visualize ipsilateral ureteric orifice and those with extrinsic ureteral obstruction were excluded. Patient demographics and radiological data including stone site, hydronephrosis grade, maximum transverse stone diameter, periureteral density (PUD) and pericalcular ureteric thickness (P-CUT) at the maximum transverse stone diameter were assessed using non-contrast computed tomography at the time of admission. Results: The study included 256 patients who were managed initially by RUS trial. Of them, 48 (18.8 %) had RUS failure. The presence of acute pyelonephritis, increased maximum transverse stone diameter ≥ 9.5 mm, P-CUT ≥ 7.5 mm, and PUD at stone level ≥ 17.5 HU were risk factors associated with RUS failure (P = 0.007, 0.002, < 0.001, and < 0.001, respectively). Conclusion: Initial radiological stone and ureteric characteristics, in addition to the clinical diagnosis of obstructive pyelonephritis, can be used to determine PCN insertion as the preferred option over RUS for urinary drainage.

In this study, we obtained two kinds of Wirtinger type q-inequalities on quantum calculus. Then, we proved a more general Wirtinger type q-integral inequality. With all these, we obtained classical results for q -> 1(-). WOS:000670389600001 2-s2.0-85109155133

Stones disease is our orders crusade with severe morbidity. It is relatively a common disorder affecting 1 to 3 percent of adult in industrialized counties. Renal calculi are much more popular in males than in females in developed countries. 12% of males and 5% to 10% of females who are affected by kidney stones. The urinary calculi increases with age, many usual in the in the age of 30 - 50 age. After the age 60 period, the figure reduction and approaches figure by the ninth decade of the life [1]. Renal calculus incidence in diametric countries varies depending on the areas environmental conditions. In India, the prevalence of Urolithiasias is higher compared to that of grey states in northern states. Renal calculi are many oft seen in warmer climate and summer. Therefore this research to understand the in Kent repertory much useful for the treatment of renal calculi it give a group of remedy which are efficacious in the handling of renal calculi

Topics chosen from first-year calculus illustrate a number of “sayings” or “proverbs,” the first three, for example, being: be awed, like a child; meaning before truth; and act with intention. Many are proverbs for life as well as mathematics.

David Gregory's manuscript ‘Isaaci Neutoni methodus fluxionum’ is the first systematic presentation of the method of fluxions written by somebody other than Newton. It was penned in 1694, when Gregory was the Savilian Professor of Astronomy at Oxford. I provide information about its content, sources and circulation. This short treatise reveals what Newton allowed to be known about his method in the mid-1690s. Further, it sheds light upon Gregory's views on how Newton's mathematical innovations related to the work of other mathematicians, both British and Continental. This paper demonstrates two things. First, it proves that Newton, far from being—as often stated—wholly isolated and reluctant to publish the method of fluxions, belonged to a network of mathematicians who were made aware of his discoveries. Second, it shows that Gregory—very much as other Scottish mathematicians such as George Cheyne and John Craig—received Newton's fluxional method within a tradition that was independent from England and that, before getting in touch with Newton, had assimilated elements of the calculi developed on the Continent.

The purpose of this paper is to report a part of a calculus research project, about the performance of a group of pre-service mathematics teachers on two tasks on limit and differentiation of the trigonometric sine function in which the unit of angle measurement was in degrees. Most of the pre-service teachers were not cognizant of the unit of angle measurement in the typical differentiation formula, and a number of participants recognized the condition on the unit of angle measurement but did not translate this to the correct procedure for performing differentiation. The result also shows that most of the participants were not able to associate the derivative formula with the process of deriving it from the first principle. Consequently, they did not associate it with finding . In the process of evaluating this limit, the pre-service teachers exhibited further misconceptions about division of a number by zero.

Motivation to learn attracts many researchers in educational contexts. In this study, we propose an instrument tailored towards specifically measuring student motivation in calculus courses at high...