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The paper analyzes the evolution of the European security system and its evolution since the end of the Cold War. Also, the consequences that the Ukraine crisis of 2014 and currently the invasion of Russia have had. This system has three fundamental actors: NATO, the EU and Russia, the first being the nuclear piece of the system. Since 1990, the main characteristic of the security system has been an imbalance of power and different processes of inclusion and exclusion concerning Russia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To locate media frames is one of the biggest challenges facing academics in Political Communication disciplines. The traditional approach to the problem is the use of different coders and their subsequent comparison, either through statistical analysis, or through agreements between them. In both cases, problems arise due to the difficulty of defining exactly where the frame is as well as its meaning and implications. And, above all, it is a complex process that makes it very difficult to work with large data sets. The authors, however, propose the use of information cataloging algorithms as a way to solve these problems. These algorithms (Support Vector Machines, Random Forest, CNN, etc.) come from disciplines linked to neural networks and have become an industry standard devoted to the treatment of non-numerical information and natural language processing. In addition, when supervised, they can be trained to find the information that the researcher considers pertinent. The authors present one case study, the media framing of the refugee crisis in Europe (in 2015) as an example. In that regard, SVM shows a lot of potential, being able to locate frames successfully albeit with some limitations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]