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The aim of this paper was to study the ways of developing vertical jumping specific to the game of volleyball in juniors 3, by monitoring the training process focused on physical training. We applied three tests specific to vertical jumping in volleyball: vertical jump from the spot, vertical jump on block and triple jump. Based on the results obtained, we established two general physical training programs: one indoor and one outdoor, with the aim of achieving significant progress in both the maximum jumping value and the consistency of the jumping height throughout the volleyball game. As a result of the post-tests, in the vertical jump from the standing position, we observed an increase in the overall arithmetic mean by 2.41 cm. In the vertical jump from the block, the progress was 1.58 cm, and in the triple jump there was a significant increase with an arithmetic mean of 8.91 cm. Analysing the results of the three tests (standing vertical jump, vertical jump on block and triple jump), a significant increase can be observed, which shows that this type of training is effective and beneficial. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fencing as a sport requires a combination of physical fitness, mental acuity, and strategic anticipation. This study explores the role of motor intelligence and anticipatory ability in the achievement of excellence in fencing performances. Motor intelligence includes the ability to process sensory information quickly, adapt movements to suitably, and execute precise actions. Anticipation involves the ability to predict the actions of opponents and effectively react. By analyzing the interaction between motor intelligence and anticipatory ability, we elucidated the mechanisms underlying high-level fencing performance. Perspectives from cognitive neuroscience, biomechanics, and sport psychology are integrated to comprehensively understand the cognitive-motor processes involved in fencing. Practical implications for training programs and coaching methodologies are discussed, highlighting the importance of developing motor intelligence and anticipatory skills to optimize fencing competition performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]