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Parkinson's Disease (PD) is one of the most frequent neurodegenerative diseases, second only to Alzheimer's disease. It is a progressive disease that inevitably leads the patient to death, in most cases for pneumonia ab ingestis. It affects 120 people out of 100,000 and more frequently affects men than women. The main symptoms are divided into motor, nonmotor and behavioral ones. The main motors symptoms are tremor, bradykinesia and postural instability. Non-motor symptoms include autonomic nervous dysfunction (orthostatic hypotension, cardiac arrhythmia, sexual dysfunction, excessive sweating due to hypothalamic dysfunction, constipation), insomnia, OSAS, and olfactory dysfunction. Behavioral symptoms are depression, dementia and psychosis. The purpose of this study is to evaluate, through a systematic review of literature, the oral health status of the Parkinson's patient compared with the general population with particular reference to the incidence of caries and periodontal disease, the patient's management during dental interventions and the possibility of rehabilitating the patient with implanted therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives. The aim of the present study was to describe a proof of concept digital workflow for the implant-prosthetic treatment in partially edentate patients and evaluate its clinical performance. Methods. A 55-year-old woman with a Kennedy class III bilateral edentulism in the mandible has been selected for a computer guided implantology according with the Smart Fusion® protocol (NobelBiocare, Kloten, Switzerland). After the template-guided implant placement, an immediate loading of the implants has been performed. QuickTemp conical temporary abutments were selected to deliver immediately prefabricated cement-retained provisionals. Two months after an impression was taken with an intraoral digital scanner (3Shape Trios3, Copenhagen, Denmark). The provisional restoration optical scanning was used to transfer the functionalized prosthetic contour to be duplicated into the definitive porcelain fused to zirconia restoration cemented on customized titanium abutments. Results. A satisfying esthetic and functional result has been achieved. No biological and mechanical complications were recorded. Conclusions. The investigated fully digital implant-prosthetic protocol provided a smooth, complication free and time effective treatment alternative to the conventional workflow. Besides the fully digital workflow allowed the surgical and prosthetic decision making and the communication within the dental team and with the patient. Further improvements heading to a direct match between the intraoral scan and the CBCT are strongly advised in order to create the so-called virtual patient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Impaction of maxillary canine is a relatively frequent orthodontic anomaly which could represent fuctional and aesthetic problems for patients. Nowadays, the conventional technique to impacted canines consists of a combined orthodontic and surgical approach, aimed to guide cuspids at the center of the alveolar ridge in a stable position and surrounded by healthy hard and soft tissues. This article presents three cases studies with different combined surgical-orthodontic approaches for the treatment of infraosseous impacted canines. An impacted maxillary canine could be guided, after adequate space is created orthodontically, to the center of the ridge through an orthodontic traction directly applied to the crown of impacted cuspid. Several surgical techniques have been proposed to expose the crown of impacted tooth. Location (buccal or palatal side) of impactation and depth influence surgical approach in order to obtain best aesthetic and functional results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Micro-sensors have a huge implication in clinical research and will greatly improve the level of evidence in dentistry. The emergence of micro-sensors offer in the future the opportunity to deploy and implement many exciting application with scientific analysis. With new features, smaller size and excellent reliability, these micro-sensors will change the way clinicians monitor adherence. While further testing of these micro-sensors is warranted, especially in real life settings, this idea can serve as a platform for future research in the field. In the future, it would be ideal if the micro-sensors had the capacity to send information to clinicians even if patients are not coming to the office. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alveolar ridge, after tooth extraction, could reduce its volume up to 50% in buccal-lingual width in the first twelve months and residual dimensions could interfere with correct three dimensional placement of implants and influence negatively treatment outcomes with regard to function and aesthetic aspects. Over the last decades, several approaches have been proposed and tested in order to prevent ridge volumetric contraction and provide maximum bone availability for implant procedure. This article presents a case study with a single anterior tooth replacement, illustrating socket seal technique followed by a type 3 timing implant placement. Immediately after tooth extraction, residual socket was grafted using Deproteinized Bovine Bone Mineral and a free gingival punch harvested from palate. After 3 months, a root-form titanium implant was inserted without additional regenerative procedures. Follow-up examination revealed favourable preservation of soft tissue width and height in the aesthetic area. Socket seal approach maximizes soft tissue healing, preserving ridge envelope and the subsequent implant placement, furthermore, results simplified, as any augmentation techniques are required. Clinical advantages of this method include predictable preservation of the soft tissues, favourable healing features, easy handling of graft materials and a positive benefit-cost ratio. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rehabilitation of edentulous patients is today a challenge for the clinicians. The healthy of the hard and soft issue may be considered a fundamental element for having long-term results. The dental implant progresses about the predictable and safe results made this technique chosen from a large group of practitioners. However some problems related intraoperative and postoperative conditions may create discomfort on the patients and consequently to the clinician. The unfavourable results are often related to the bone tissue quality but sometime the dental implant shape and the prosthesis framework may undergo to technical difficulties. The purpose of this work is, through the use of appropriate FEM models, to analyse the effect of all these parameters in the construction of a prosthesis type "Toronto", evaluating all the surgical and prosthetic components in order to direct the choices made by the surgeon and to optimize the distribution of loads reducing the patient's discomfort and having a long term clinical success. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The medium-long term success of osseointegrated dental implants is evaluated on the basis of the degree of osseointegration over time, assessed by radiographic or instrumental analysis (ISQ). Over the years, the question has always been which surgical technique can provide a better performance in the medium-long term and, thanks to literature studies, it has been evidenced that there are no differences between "one stage" and "two stage" interventions. The purpose of this study is to evaluate clinical and radiographic parameters, referring to interventions for the insertion of dental implants characterized by a new kind of implant surface (Synthegra® GEASS, Udine). The prospective study, not randomized and controlled, referred to the insertion of 18 implants on 9 patients with mono or bilateral edentulism, with measurements at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months and an overall follow-up at 3 years, in order to evaluate the different degree of crestal bone resorption using the submerged and transmucosal surgical technique. The results of our study show that there are no differences in the resorption of the two surgical techniques, with an average bone resorption of 2,05±0,16 mm, comparable with values reported in literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives. The aim of this study was to measure the Oral Health-Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) before and after a prosthodontic implant therapy so to determine the physical and psychological impact of implant-supported fixed partial dentures (IFPD) rehabilitation among edentulous patients. Methods. 50 partially edentulous patients aged 40-70 years, treated with IFPD, completed the OHRQoL questionnaire before the implant surgery (Time 0) and 2 years after their whole implant-prosthetic rehabilitation (Time 1). The questionnaire was proposed in a short version of Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14, range 0-56) and analyzed through the 'additive method'. We evaluated statistical mean, standard deviation, median, variance and mode of all OHIP-14 domains and the statistical significance about oral changes at Time 0 and Time 1 using the Chi-square test (p-values < 0.05). Results. Patients reported significant changes in mean OHIP scores (Time 0: 2.15; Time 1: 0.65; p < 0.01). The most prevalently affected domain was "functional limitation", followed by "psychological discomfort" and "physical pain". There were no significant differences dependent on age, gender and antagonistic teeth (p > 0.05). Patients with I and IV Kennedy's class edentulism showed better improvement (p < 0.05). Conclusions. Preoperative and post-treatment assessments of OHRQoL exhibited significant differences. The IFPD treatment had a positive effect on the OHRQoL, which improved better in patients with I and IV Kennedy's edentulous class. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The aim of the our job, was to analyze the prevalence and the distribution of the oral cavity's pathologies, trough a retrospective and prospective study about histology evidences, taken trough an incisional and escissional biopsy included in a time between 2001 and 2010. Materials and Methods." By using a experimental project, carried out on 2150 patients, programmed for the surgical operation in the Oral Surgery compartment, of the Odontostomatology Depart in the "S. Giovanni Calibita Hospital", University of Rome "Tor Vergata" we have valued all the verified pathologies, analyzing the age and sex in which the neoformating has been presented, and the truthfulness of the extemporaneous exam, when necessary. On a sample of 2150 patients placed in a experimentation program in the time between the 2001 and 2010, 2096 patients have been checked from the clinical diagnosis till the definitive anatomic-pathologic diagnosis. 52 patients have been excluded from the experimentation because they were not proper for the protocol we have used. Results: The patients we have treated are 52% male (1099 units) and the 48% female (997 units). The study has evidenced how the inflammatory injuries, are in prevalence in our sample with a total of 667 units (32% of the sample), divided in 350 male (52%) and 317 female (48%). It is also very important the statistical study of the precancerous injuries, that includes in the 75% of the cases, the ideal conditions for the evolution in a malign injury (CSC). The data we posses, are worrying, because they show an increase in the Italian population of 5-9% in the last 10 years. Conclusion." Our clinical experience collected during the last 10 years of activity, leads to the following conclusions: when rightly programmed and performed, biopsy is a diagnostic-instrumental mini invasive means, considering the factors that influence the lapse, it is able to give clinical and necessary answers, for permanent diagnosis of uncertain pathologies or difficult interpretation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the clinical and histological features and treatment of lipomas; Materials and Methods. All cases were retrieved from the archives of the Department of Oral Medicine/Pathology of the University of Rome "S. Giovanni Calibita - Fatebenefratelli Hospital", Italy. Data on age, sex, location, clinical appearance, duration, recurrence, and histological appearance were evaluated. Have analyzed a total of 2098 patients, patients were examined for 52% of male sex (1099 units) and 48% female (999 units), the mean age (SD) is 53 years, highest in women 55 than in men 52 (p = 0.001). Results. The aim of our research was to analyze from a retrospective, the incidence of lipoma of the oral cavity in 10 aa of clinical activity in our department for surgical practice of the "San Giovanni Calibita" - Fatebenefratelli, Isola Tiberina. In the period between 1999 and 2008, we recorded 14 diagnosis of lipoma of the floor of the mouth, 9 women, and 5 men. Conclusion. In view of the fact that there is a lack of consensus on the most appropriate treatment modality for lipomas. There is a need to conduct more evidence-based clinical studies for clinical practice guidelines in the management of lipomas. The benign nature of intraoral lipomas is supported by its bland histopathologic appearance and the absence of recurrences following complete local excision. In conclusion, from data in our possession, the incidence of lipomas of the oral cavity, in the sample we examined (2098 subjects), was 0.67%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A correction to the article "Expression of thyrotropin and thyroid hormone receptors in the adipose tissue of patients with morbid obesity and/or type 2 diabetes: Effects of weight loss," that was published in a previous issue of the journal is presented.