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Introduction: Hemodynamic instability is most commonly seen among critically ill patients in Intensive care units and it is essential to detect circulatory changes. As peripheral tissues are sensitive to alterations in perfusion, the non-invasive monitoring of peripheral circulation could be used as an early marker of systemic hemodynamic derangement. Hence, the current study was conducted to associate the peripheral perfusion status with the prognostic significance among mechanically ventilated patients. Methodology: A Descriptive research design was conducted in Intensive care unit at Saveetha Medical College and Hospital with 60 samples selected using Convenience sampling technique who matched inclusion criteria. Results: The study results had shown that, Prognosis had a significant association between level of peripheral perfusion among mechanical ventilated patients at p

Energy demand has increased due to the development of industrialization and urbanization. As a result, renewable energy sources satisfy the energy demand of human, social and economic development since fossil fuels are limited in natural resources and causing global warming in the environment. In current scenarios, scientists worldwide focus on renewable energy sources like solar, biomass, wind, hydropower, geothermal, etc. Consequently, developing countries are run-down in conventional fossil fuel resources and import them from other countries. A decentralized stand-alone solar system installed in rural areas is a technically feasible solution to overcome the issues. Solar energy system offers many merits in producing electricity since it has zero fuel cost and zero-emission of carbon dioxide (CO2) - greenhouse gas (GHG) into the atmosphere. Solar thermal energy is used for drying, cooking, heating, and electricity generation. Solar photovoltaic (PV) cells are the preferred method for electricity production in the past decades. Choosing the suitable photovoltaic cell for a specific application needs proper knowledge of their basic mechanisms and functions. This paper has reviewed the broad-minded expansion of solar PV technologies from the first generation to current configurations.

Colloidal microcapsules based on supramolecular architectures feature attractive properties and offer new opportunities in diverse areas such as delivery, sensing, and catalysis. Herein, we report a new strategy to fabricate the colloidal membrane and stimuli-responsive microcapsules by utilizing cucurbit[7]uril-mediated interfacial host-guest molecular recognition. In contrast to the traditionally used cross-linking approach, this method exploits the engineered interaction between a nanoparticle ligand and cucurbit[7]uril to tune the interfacial energy and stabilize the colloidal assembly at the interface. These capsules provide a versatile platform for simultaneous encapsulation of dual cargos. Additionally, the dynamic nature of the supramolecular interactions allows triggered release of the encapsulated cargos through the orthogonal presentation of a high affinity guest molecule.

Nickel doped zinc oxide (Zn1-x O, x=0wt%, 1 wt%, 2wt %) were synthesized via solid state reaction method. The structural and optical characterizations were carried out with the prepared samples. Structural characteristics were determined by X- ray diffraction method, Raman spectroscopic analysis. Optical property studies of the sample were done through the UV-VIS- spectral analysis. The structural studies confirmed the hexagonal wurtzite structure of zinc oxide and the spectroscopic analysis shows a decrease in optical band gap from 3.37eV to 2.9eV.

Neutrinos interact only through weak interaction. This property will help us to study Planck suppressed physics, as neutrinos can propagate very long distances without any deviation and any small deviation to the Planck scale physics during the propagation can be detected through Long Baseline experiments. So, in this study we have used neutrino oscillation as a testing ground to test the CPT violation through Lorentz invariance violation (LIV) in long baseline experiment NO\(\nu \)A. We have shown the effects of the Lorentz violating operators at Probability level and on CP violation sensitivity of the experiment and also obtained constraints on the parameters.

Recent $\nu_e$ appearance data from the Mini Booster Neutrino Experiment (MiniBooNE) are in support of the excess of events reported by the Liquid Scintillator Neutrino Detector (LSND), which provides an indirect hint for the existence of eV-scale sterile neutrino. As these sterile neutrinos can mix with the standard active neutrinos, in this paper we explore the effect of such active-sterile mixing on the determination of various oscillation parameters by the currently running long-baseline neutrino experiments T2K and NO$\nu$A. We find that the existence of sterile neutrino can lead to new kind of degeneracies among these parameters which would substantially deteriorate the mass hierarchy sensitivity of NO$\nu$A experiment. We further notice that the inclusion of data from T2K experiment helps in resolving the degeneracies. The impact of new CP violating phases $\delta_{14}$ and $\delta_{34}$ on the maximal CP-violation exclusion sensitivity for NO$\nu$A experiment has also been illustrated. Finally, we discuss the implication of such light sterile neutrinos on neutrinoless double beta decay processes in line with recent experimental results, as well as on the sensitivity reach of future experiments., Comment: 22 pages, 8 figures, published version

The muon decay-at-rest ($\mu$-DAR) facility provides us with an ideal platform to probe purely muonic charged-current nonstandard neutrino interactions (NSIs). We propose to probe this class of NSI effects using antineutrinos from a $\mu$-DAR source in conjunction with neutrinos from the future Tokai to Kamioka superbeam experiment with megaton Hyper Kamiokande detector (T2HK). Even though muonic NSIs are absent in neutrino production at T2HK, we show that our proposed hybrid setup comprising $\mu$-DAR and T2HK helps in alleviating the parameter degeneracies that can arise in data. Analytic considerations reveal that the oscillation probability is most sensitive to the NSI parameter in the $\mu$-e sector. For this parameter, we show that the $\mu$-DAR setup can improve on the existing bounds down to around 0.01, especially when the data are combined with neutrino data from T2HK experiment due to the lifting of parameter degeneracies. The high precision with which $\mu$-DAR can measure $\delta_{\rm{CP}}$ is shown to be robust even in the presence of the considered NSIs. Finally, we show that the combination of $\mu$-DAR along with T2HK can also be used to put mild constraints on the NSI phase in the vicinity of the maximal CP-violating value for the chosen benchmark value of $\varepsilon^{\mu e}_{\mu e}=0.01$., Comment: Matches version published in Phys. Rev. D

The aim of the study was to develop Gluten free (GF) muffins at par with wheat flour muffins in terms of quality. Finger millet flour (FM) and whey protein concentrate (WP) blends were made in the ratio of 100:0, 95:5, 90:10 and 85:15. As the level of WP increased in the blends from 0 to 15 %, there was a decrease in peak, hot and cold paste viscosities. Muffins made with the blend 90:10 had a highest volume and overall quality scores among the blends. Hence the blend 90:10 was optimized. The improving effects of additives were evident in the texture profile analysis of muffins as additives decreased hardness and increased springiness values. The combination of FM:WP 90:10 + Distilled glycerol monostearate + Hydoxypropylmethylcellulose brought about significant improvement in the quality of the muffins. The GF muffins were immunochemically validated and was found safe for inclusion in the diet of celiac disease patients.

Whole wheat flour samples having protein content of 8.9% and 10.6% were subjected to dry and moist heat conditions to improve the functionality. Dry heat treated flours (DHTF) had higher values of falling number and SDS sedimentation values when compared to moist heat treated flour (MHTF). MHTF showed decrease in water absorption from 75.4 to 56.7%, increase in dough development time from 3.3 to 11.9 min, increase in peak viscosity and cold paste viscosity from 467 to 778 BU and 678 to 1017 BU respectively when compared to untreated flour. MHTF lost its elasticity, SDS-page gel electrophoresis indicated the change especially in the region of gliadin and ELISA indicated 41% reduction in immunogenicity against gliadin. The specific volume of breads prepared from MHTF was significantly lower whereas the crumb firmness value was higher than breads from untreated flours. Breads from treated flours also showed reduction in immunogenicity against gliadin.

The study aims to examine the temporal changes in economics of chickpea (gram), moong bean (green gram) and urd bean (black gram) production in western State of India i.e. Rajasthan. Study was entirely based on secondary data collected from publication of Ministry of Agriculture, Govt. of India, New Delhi. The structural changes in cost of cultivation were analyzed by working out the difference in cost at two points of time (i.e. 2001-02 and 2013-14), along with relative share to total cost. Study revealed that the average cost of cultivation of chickpea, moong bean and urd bean increased from Rs.9,941.66/ha, Rs.5,954.74/ha and Rs.7,849.31/ha in 2001-02 to Rs. 24,093.71/ha, Rs.17,793.53/ha and Rs. 21,346.36/ha in 2013-14.The net income over total cost was highest for chickpea which is a major pulse crop of Rajasthan. During 2001-02, both moong bean and urd bean remained unprofitable over total cost. During 2013-14, chickpea and moong bean became profitable over total cost. The level of profit was highest for chickpea followed by moong bean. Urd bean still remained unprofitable over total cost.

The extended theories of Standard Model (SM) require heavy right-handed neutrinos to accommodate observed neutrino oscillation data. If the mass of such sterile neutrinos are of the order of TeV scale, then they can mix with active neutrinos, which leads to non-unitary neutrino mixing. In this paper, we investigate the effect of non-unitary neutrino mixing on the physics potential of the long baseline experiment. We find that non-unitary mixing can deteriorate the sensitivity of NO\(\nu \)A, to the current unknowns in neutrino sector due to the existence of new degeneracies among the oscillation parameters in presence of non-unitary mixing. We also find that the sensitivity to the unknowns enhanced, if we add oscillation data from T2K experiment as it enables to reduce the degeneracies among the oscillation parameters.

In this work, we explore the effect of active-sterile neutrino mixing on oscillation probability and on mass hierarchy sensitivity of currently running long-baseline neutrino experiments. We find that the existence of sterile neutrino can lead to new kind of degeneracies among the oscillation parameters which deteriorate the mass hierarchy sensitivity of NO\(\nu \)A experiment. We also notice that the addition of data from T2K experiment helps in resolving the degeneracies.

Here, we report the skin temperature rise due to the absorption of radio frequency (RF) energy from three handheld mobile phones using infrared thermography technique. Experiments are performed under two different conditions, viz. when the mobile phones are placed in soft touch with the skin surface and away from the skin surface. Additionally, the temperature rise of mobile phones during charging, operation and simultaneous charging and talking are monitored under different exposure conditions. It is observed that the temperature of the cheek and ear regions monotonically increased with time during the usage of mobile phones and the magnitude of the temperature rise is higher for the mobile phone with higher specific absorption rate. The increase in skin temperature is higher when the mobile phones are in contact with the skin surface due to the combined effect of absorption of RF electromagnetic power and conductive heat transfer. The increase in the skin temperature in non-contact mode is found to be within the safety limit of 1 °C. The measured temperature rise is in good agreement with theoretical predictions. The empirical equation obtained from the temperature rise on the cheek region of the subjects correlates well with the specific absorption rate of the mobile phones. Our study suggests that the use of mobile phones in non-contact mode can significantly lower the skin temperature rise during its use and hence, is safer compared to the contact mode.

Chilli spent residue (CHSR) obtained after oil and oleoresin extraction, is a potential source of dietary fiber (44.4 % total dietary fiber (TDF), 34.9 % insoluble dietary fiber, 9.5 % soluble dietary fiber and protein (19.7 %). The aqueous and methanolic (80 %) extracts of CHSR showed 72 and 63 % antioxidant activity respectively. Inclusion of CHSR at 5–15 % level in bread affected the bread characteristics viz., specific volume, crust color and shape; crumb colour, grain and texture resulting in sensory scores of 60–74 in comparison to the score of 84 for the control bread. However, use of combination of additives (CA) viz.dry gluten powder, fungal α-amylase enzyme and sodium stearoyl-2-lactylate along with 10 % CHSR, improved the dough strength, specific volume, decreased the crumb firmness value and increased the overall quality score of bread. Scanning electron microscopic studies revealed a disruption in the continuity of the protein matrix in bread dough with addition of CHSR above 10 %. Incorporation of CHSR to wheat flour at 10 % level is recommended as it would improve the nutritional quality of bread in terms of increase in dietary fiber, mineral and protein contents.

In this paper, we investigate the problem of building automatic classifiers to categorize opinions and facts into appropriate subcategories. While working on two English News article datasets and two social media datasets (Twitter hashtag idioms and Youtube comments), we achieve consistent performance with accuracies in the range of 70-85% for opinion and fact sub-categorization. The proposed classifiers can be instrumental in understanding argumentative relations as well as in developing fact-checking systems. It can also be used to detect anomalous behavior such as predominant drunkers or other psychological changes.

The short baseline neutrino oscillation anomalies from reactor data, LSND, and MiniBooNE point towards the existence of one or more low energy (eV-scale) sterile neutrinos. Moreover, the various extensions of Standard Model (SM) of particle physics require heavy right handed neutrinos to accommodate observed neutrino oscillation data, predict existence of eV-scale sterile neutrino. Though these low energy sterile neutrinos are \(SU(2)_L \times U(1)_Y\) gauge singlets, they can mix with active neutrinos and this active-sterile neutrino mixing may affect the measurements of the unknown neutrino oscillation parameters by long baseline experiment. In this regard, in this paper, we investigate the effect of active-sterile neutrino mixing on the physics potential of the long baseline experiment (NO\(\nu \)A) in 3+1 oscillation scenario.

Effect of multi grains powder (MGP) and additives on the cookies made with wheat flour–green gram flour (70:30), substituted by 10, 15 and 20 % MGP and its influence on the physical, sensory and nutritional qualities of the cookies were studied. The MGP comprised of barley, oats, flaxseed, soyabean. Ash and protein increased in blends as MGP percentage increased. The water absorption increased, extensibility and amylograph peak viscosity values decreased with the increase in the MGP from 0 to 20 %. The texture profile analysis of cookie doughs showed that there was a decrease in hardness and springiness values whereas gumminess values increased with 10–20 % MGP. The spread ratio of cookies decreased from 8.60 to 7.30 for cookies with 0–20 % MGP. The breaking strength values varied between 2700 and 3900 g from 0 to 20 % MGP and cookies with 20 % MGP had large islands, gritty mouth feel and hard texture as shown by highest breaking strength values and lowest overall quality score making it unacceptable. MGP at 15 % level was considered optimum in cookies. Emulsifier lecithin produced maximum improvement in cookies with 15 % MGP and the cookies had improved spread ratio, medium sized islands and a crisp texture and highest overall quality score. The protein digestibility was 65 and 60 % for control and cookies with 15 % MGP + lecithin. The cookies with 15 % MGP + lecithin had an increased protein and dietary fibre content of 13.5 and 9 % as against the control value of 10 and 5 % respectively.

A new active infrared thermography based technique is proposed for defect detection in ferromagnetic specimens using a low frequency alternating magnetic field induced heating. The test specimens (four mild steel specimens with artificial rectangular slots of 8.0, 5.0, 3.3 and 3.0 mm depths) are magnetized using a low frequency alternating magnetic field and by using an infrared camera, the surface temperature is remotely monitored in real time. An alternating magnetic field induces an eddy current in the specimen which increases the specimen temperature due to the Joule’s heating. The experimental results show a thermal contrast in the defective region that decays exponentially with the defect depth. The observed thermal contrast is attributed to the reduction in induction heating due to the leakage of magnetic flux caused by magnetic permeability gradient in the defective region. The proposed technique is suitable for rapid non-contact wide area inspection of ferromagnetic materials and offers several advantages over the conventional active thermography techniques like fast direct heating, no frequency optimization, no dependence on the surface absorption coefficient and penetration depth.

This paper discusses the effects of sodium hypophosphite concentration, pH, and temperature on deposition rate. This paper also discusses the evaluation of coating strength, surface, and subsurface by varying the bath parameters, percentage of phosphate, plating temperature, and pH of the plating solution. Taguchi technique has been used for the analysis. In the experiment, nickel chloride which is a source of nickel when mixed with sodium hypophosphite has been used as the reducing agent and the source of phosphate and sodium hydroxide has been used to vary the pH of the coating bath. The coated samples are tested for impact energy by conducting impact test. Finally, the effects of coating bath parameters on the impact energy absorbed have been plotted, and analysis has been carried out. Further, percentage contribution of coating bath parameters using Design of Experiments approach (DOE) has been analysed. Finally, it can be concluded that the bath parameters of the Ni-P coating will certainly influence on the strength of the specimen., {"references":["J.P Dan, H.J. Boving and H.E. Hintermann, \"Hard coatings\" Colloque C7, supplement of Journal de Physique III, Volume 3, November 1993, CSEM, Maladiere 71, Neuchatel, Switzerland.","Lee Hyland G. R. S. C., \"Electroless Deposition of Group Eight Metals\" University of Hull","R C Agarwala and Vijaya Agarwala \"Electroless alloy/composite coatings\" Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee 247667, India","T.S.N. Sankara Narayanan, K. Krishnaveni and S.K. Seshadri \"Electroless Ni–P/Ni–B Duplex coatings: preparation and evaluation of microhardness, wear and corrosion resistance\" National Metallurgical Laboratory, Madras Centre CSIR Complex, Taramani, Chennai 600113, India","R. Ramaseshan, N. G. Nair and S. K. Seshadri \"Magnetic moment studies on nickel coated titanium powders\" FRP Research Centre, and Department of Metallurgical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Madras 600036, India","K. Hari Krishnan, S. John, k.n. Srinivasan, J. Praveen, M. Ganesan, and P.M. Kavimani \"An Overall Aspect of Electroless Ni-P Depositions\" Government College of Engineering, Salem, Tamil Nadu-636 011, India.","Linda. J. Mayer \"Trends in Electroless Nickel Plating\" CEMCO, Inc .South Plainfield, New Jersey","H. R. Molla, H. Modarress & M. Abdouss, \"Electroless nickel–phosphorus deposition on carbon steel CK-75 and study of the effects of some parameters on properties of the deposits\", Department of Chemistry, Amirkabir Universityof Technology, Tehran, Iran","I.E. Ayoub \"Study of Electroless Ni-P Platingon Stainless Steel\", Hot Laboratory Center, Atomic Energy Authority, P. O. 13759, Cairo, Egypt.\n[10]\tMakoto Hino, Koji Murakami, Yutaka Mitooka, Ken Muraoka and Teruto Kanadani \"Effects of zincate treatment on adhesion of electroless Ni-P coating onto various aluminum alloys\" Industrial Technology Research Institute of Okayama Prefecture, 5301 Haga, Okayama-shi, Okayama 701-1296, Japan.\n[11]\tExperimental analysis on the effects of sodium hypophosphite concentration, pH and temperature with the varying coating bath parameters on impact energy D. Kari Basavaraja Page 456- 468. Advance Research in Science and Engineering."]}

In this paper, we build a generic opinion-fact classifier to detect opinions and facts from online news articles and social media datasets such as Youtube comments and idiom hashtags. We further use this classification model to compare opinionatedness of various news article sections. The proposed classifier produces better results than the existing methods over four different datasets, and the opinion fraction of various sections of news articles provides very interesting patterns.

The observation of neutrino oscillation as well as the recent experimental result on lepton flavor universality (LFU) violation in $B$ meson decays are indications of new physics beyond the Standard Model. Many theoretical models, which are introduced in the literature as an extension of SM to explain these observed deviations in LFU, lead to new kind of interactions so-called non-standard interaction (NSI) between the elementary particles. In this paper, we consider a model with an additional $Z'$ boson (which is quite successful in explaining the observed LFU anomalies) and analyze its effect in the lepton flavour violating (LFV) $B_d\to \tau^\pm e^\mp$ decay modes. From the present upper bound of the $B_d\to \tau^\pm e^\mp$ branching ratio, we obtain the constraints on the new physics parameters, which are related to the corresponding NSI parameters in the neutrino sector by $SU(2)_L$ symmetry. These new parameters are expected to have potential implications in the neutrino oscillation studies and in this work we investigate the possibility of observing the effects of these interactions in the currently running and upcoming long-baseline experiments, i.e., NOvA and DUNE respectively., Comment: 20 pages, 7 figures, to appear in EPJC. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1603.02184

Non-standard neutrino interactions (NSIs), the sub-leading effects in the flavour transitions of neutrinos, play a crucial role in the determination of the various unknowns in neutrino oscillations, such as neutrino mass hierarchy, Dirac CP violating phase and the octant of atmospheric mixing angle. In this work, we focus on the possible implications of lepton flavour violating (LFV) NSIs, which generally affect the neutrino propagation, on the determination of the these unknown oscillation parameters. We study the effect of these NSIs on the physics potential of the currently running and upcoming long-baseline experiments, i.e., T2K, NO$\nu$A and DUNE. We also check the allowed oscillation parameter space in presence of LFV NSIs., Comment: 21 pages, 10 figures, version to appear in Phys. Rev. D

Studies were carried out on the replacement of sugar with stevioside and liquid sorbitol (SO); addition of hydrocolloids, emulsifiers with and without 10% debittered fenugreek seed powder (DFSP) to a mixture of stevioside and SO on the rheological, microstructural and quality characteristics of cake. Experimental data showed that addition of sugar increased the amylograph viscosity of wheat flour paste during heating and cooling while SO at different percentages decreased these viscosities, however addition of combination of hydrocolloid (xanthan, XA) and emulsifier (polysorbate-60, PS-60) increased the viscosity of wheat flour paste with 100% SO. Addition of combination of XA + PS-60 improved distribution pattern of air cells, increased batter viscosity, cohesiveness, overall quality score of cake with 100% SO and allowed incorporation of DFSP to improve the functional characteristics of cake. Evaluation of composition of developed cake showed negligible sucrose content, perceptible fenugreek flavor and increased dietary fiber as against cake with sugar.