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2. Polyglot AST: Towards Enabling Polyglot Code Analysis

Author

Houdaille, Philémon, Khelladi, Djamel, Briend, Romain, Jongeling, Robbert, Combemale, Benoit, Université de Rennes (UR), Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Diversity-centric Software Engineering (DiverSe), Inria Rennes – Bretagne Atlantique, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-LANGAGE ET GÉNIE LOGICIEL (IRISA-D4), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecole Superieure d'Ingenieurs de Rennes [Rennes] (ESIR), and Mälardalen University (MDH)

Subjects
polyglot programming code analysis development tooling, [INFO.INFO-PL]Computer Science [cs]/Programming Languages [cs.PL], code analysis, [INFO]Computer Science [cs], [INFO.INFO-SE]Computer Science [cs]/Software Engineering [cs.SE], polyglot programming, development tooling
Abstract

International audience; Today, a plethora of programming languages exists, each better suited for a particular concern. For example, Python is suited for data analysis but not web development, whereas JavaScript is the inverse. As software complexity grows and needs to address multiple concerns, different programming languages are often used in combination, despite the burden of bridging them (e.g., using Java Native Interface). Polyglot programming emerged as a solution allowing the seamless mixing of multiple programming languages. GraalVM and PolyNote are examples of runtimes allowing polyglot programming. However, there is a striking lack of support at design time for building and analyzing polyglot code. To the best of our knowledge, there is no uniform language-agnostic way of reasoning over multiple languages to provide seamless code analysis, since each language comes with its own form of Abstract Syntax Trees (AST). In this paper, we present an approach to build a uniform yet polyglot AST over polyglot code, so that it is easier to perform global analysis. We first motivate this challenge and identify the main requirements for building a polyglot AST. We then propose a proof of concept implementation of our solutions on GraalVM's polyglot API. On top of the polyglot AST, we demonstrate the ability to implement several polyglot-specific analysis services, namely auto-completion, consistency checking, type inference, and rename refactoring. Our evaluation on three polyglot projects taken from GitHub, and involving JavaScript and Python code, shows that we can build a polyglot AST without significant overhead. We also demonstrate the usefulness of the polyglot analysis services through the provided automation, as well as their scalability.

Published
2023

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