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Masonry infills are among the most vulnerable components of building frames, often undergoing severe damage even under minor or moderate seismic shaking. In recent years, flexible joints have emerged as a promising technique for protecting the infills from damage. To fully demonstrate the effectiveness of this technique, it is necessary to carry out full-scale tests on a structural prototype under realistic loading conditions, which can be simulated with shaking table testing. There is also a need to assess whether the joints can provide enough energy dissipation capabilities to enable a resilient-based design of infilled frames. The ERIES-FLEJOI project aims to address these gaps by investigating the performance of two promising systems based on flexible joints, one aimed at increasing the compliance of the infills, the other aimed at decoupling them from the frame. These systems, installed in two identical reinforced concrete (RC) frame prototypes, will be tested at the Dynamic Testing Laboratory of IZIIS (Skopje, N. Macedonia). This paper illustrates the two systems, the preliminary investigations, and the numerical analyses carried out to design the joint systems in order to meet the performance objectives and constraints posed by the shaking table capacity. The analyses involve two recently developed alternative modelling strategies, one based on a meso-scale description of the infill walls and the other on an equivalent discrete macro-element.

Suština ovog Tehničkog rešenja odnosi se na postupak proizvodnje novog protivpožarnog materijala sa plastifikatorima iz recikliranog poli(etilen terefatalata) koji se koristi za izradu prstenova za cevi kao pasivne zaštite od širenja požara. Tehnološki postupak se sastoji iz dve faze. Faza (I) se odnosi na mešanje polivinilhlorida (PVC K70 i PVC K58), sa plastifikatorima kao što su diizononil ftalat (DINP), tri(krezil fosfati) (TKP) (smeša tri(p-krezil fosfat) (TpKP), tri(m-krezil)fosfat (TmKP), tri(o-krezil)fosfat (ToKP) ili čiste komponente), kao i plastifikatori koji su dobijeni iz recikliranog poli(etilen tereftalata) (PET) procesima depolimerizacije PET-a pomoću etilen glikola (PET/EG), propilenglikola (PET/PG) koji se takođe modifikuje pomoću anhidrida maleinske kiselime (MA) i masnih kiselina izolovanih iz sojinog ulja, PET/PG/MA/MKSU, ili samo pomoću MKSU, PET/PG/MKSU, epoksidovano sojino ulje (ESU), 1-heksadecen ili MES, MESU, MELU, MESuU ili MEKU), azodikarbonamid (ADC) i akrilatna emulzija (Ecrylic) a sredstva za ekspandiranje: ekspandirani grafit (EkG), i njegove zamene PET/PG/MA/MKSU/TA, proizvoda dobijenih modifikacijom taninske kiseline (TA) sa PET/PG/MA/MKSU ili PET/PG/MKSU uz korišćenje kiselog katalizatora (KK-SO3H), se dodaje ili u topli mešač ili tokom transporta viskozne mase u ekstruder pomoću dozera sa kontrolisanim protokom pri čemu se masa homogenizuje i profiliše u željeni oblik. Druga faza se odnosi na homogenizovanje mase u ekstruderu i to u prvoj zoni je vreme zadržavanja 30 s - 15 min na temperaturi 90 - 140 ºC, u drugoj zoni 10 s - 10 min na temperaturi 100 - 150 ºC i trećoj zoni vreme zadržavanja 1 s - 60 s na temperaturi 110 - 220 ºC pri čemu se profilisanje materijala vrši korišćenjem alata na izlazu ekstrudera u cilju dobijanja traka širine 1 - 500 mm i debljine 1-100 mm

Duloxetine hydrochloride ( D U L ) , a naphth) I ether amine, inhibits the uptake of serotonin and norepinephrine. The electrochemical behavior of D U L was determined by cyclic voltammetry ( C V ) in phosphate buffer solution at gold electrode by varying pH and scan rate. The electroanalytical application was studied with the aid of differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) in sodium bicarbonate solution. A linear response ranged from 5x10'^ M to 10'" M. The validation of the DPV method was carried out by determine of the limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantitation (LOQ) and the calculate values were 4.6 X 10"'' and 2 x 10'^' M, respective!). The proposed DPV method has been successfully applied to assessment DUL as standard and in Taita® tablets and standard spiked with human serum.

The specific objectives of the presented study were related to the optimization of the production process of N-alkyl-, N,N-dialkyl-, and N-cycloalkyl-O-isobutyl thiocarbamate; trial industrial production of N-ethyl-O-isobutyl thiocarbamate; and the evaluation of flotation efficiency of N-ethyl-O-isobutyl thiocarbamate using a real ore sample. The optimization of thiocarbamate syntheses were performed by varying the molar ratio of isobutyl alcohol, carbon disulfide, potassium hydroxide, reaction time, and reaction temperature. In the first step, one-pot reaction took place to produce alkyl xanthate and was followed with chlorination to give alkyl chloroformate (O-alkyl carbonochloridothioate); finally, thiocarbamates were obtained by the reaction with corresponding amines. N-alkyl-O-ethyl thiocarbamate was synthesized as a comparative flotation agent. The structure of the synthesized compounds was confirmed by IR, H-1 and C-13 NMR, and MS instrumental methods, and the purity was determined by gas chromatographic method and elemental analysis. The optimized methods gave high-purity products in a significant yield that was also confirmed by semi-industrial production of N-ethyl-O-isobutyl thiocarbamate. The optimized thiocarbamate synthesis, without isolation of intermediates, is of great importance from the aspect of green technologies. Flotation efficiency test results, using real copper and zinc ores, showed the highest activity of N-ethyl-O-isobutyl thiocarbamate. The optimal one-pot thiocarbamate synthesis provides a simple procedure with a high conversion degree, and, thus, offers valuable technology applicable at the industrial scale.

In this study we screened twelve newly synthesised N-(substituted phenyl)-2-chloroacetamides for antimicrobial potential relying on quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) analysis based on the available cheminformatics prediction models (Molinspiration, SwissADME, PreADMET, and PkcSM) and verified it through standard antimicrobial testing against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), and Candida albicans. Our compounds met all the screening criteria of Lipinski's rule of five (Ro5) as well as Veber's and Egan's methods for predicting biological activity. In antimicrobial activity tests, all chloroacetamides were effective against Gram-positive S. aureus and MRSA, less effective against the Gram-negative E. coli, and moderately effective against the yeast C. albicans. Our study confirmed that the biological activity of chloroacetamides varied with the position of substituents bound to the phenyl ring, which explains why some molecules were more effective against Gram-negative than Gram-positive bacteria or C. albicans. Bearing the halogenated p-substituted phenyl ring, N-(4-chlorophenyl), N-(4-fluorophenyl), and N-(3-bromophenyl) chloroacetamides were among the most active thanks to high lipophilicity, which allows them to pass rapidly through the phospholipid bilayer of the cell membrane. They are the most promising compounds for further investigation, particularly against Gram-positive bacteria and pathogenic yeasts.

Suština ovog Tehničkog rešenja odnosi se na postupak proizvodnje novog protivpožarnog materijala sa plastifikatorima iz recikliranog poli(etilen terefatalata) koji se koristi za izradu prstenova za cevi kao pasivne zaštite od širenja požara. Tehnološki postupak se sastoji iz dve faze. Faza (I) se odnosi na mešanje polivinilhlorida (PVC K70 i PVC K58), sa plastifikatorima kao što su diizononil ftalat (DINP), tri(krezil fosfati) (TKP) (smeša tri(p-krezil fosfat) (TpKP), tri(m-krezil)fosfat (TmKP), tri(o-krezil)fosfat (ToKP) ili čiste komponente), kao i plastifikatori koji su dobijeni iz recikliranog poli(etilen tereftalata) (PET) procesima depolimerizacije PET-a pomoću etilen glikola (PET/EG), propilenglikola (PET/PG) koji se takođe modifikuje pomoću anhidrida maleinske kiselime (MA) i masnih kiselina izolovanih iz sojinog ulja, PET/PG/MA/MKSU, ili samo pomoću MKSU, PET/PG/MKSU, epoksidovano sojino ulje (ESU), 1-heksadecen ili MES, MESU, MELU, MESuU ili MEKU), azodikarbonamid (ADC) i akrilatna emulzija (Ecrylic) a sredstva za ekspandiranje: ekspandirani grafit (EkG), i njegove zamene PET/PG/MA/MKSU/TA, proizvoda dobijenih modifikacijom taninske kiseline (TA) sa PET/PG/MA/MKSU ili PET/PG/MKSU uz korišćenje kiselog katalizatora (KK-SO3H), se dodaje ili u topli mešač ili tokom transporta viskozne mase u ekstruder pomoću dozera sa kontrolisanim protokom pri čemu se masa homogenizuje i profiliše u željeni oblik. Druga faza se odnosi na homogenizovanje mase u ekstruderu i to u prvoj zoni je vreme zadržavanja 30 s - 15 min na temperaturi 90 - 140 ºC, u drugoj zoni 10 s - 10 min na temperaturi 100 - 150 ºC i trećoj zoni vreme zadržavanja 1 s - 60 s na temperaturi 110 - 220 ºC pri čemu se profilisanje materijala vrši korišćenjem alata na izlazu ekstrudera u cilju dobijanja traka širine 1 - 500 mm i debljine 1-100 mm

Supercritical CO2 extraction was applied on fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L., Fabaceae) seeds with the aim to define optimal process conditions to obtain the maximal extract yields content of steroidal sapogenins. Central composite rotatable design (CCRD) combined with response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to determine optimal process conditions defined by the influence and interaction of pressure, temperature and time of extraction through consumption of SC CO2. Optimization experiments revealed that the pressure of 24.73 MPa, the temperature of 38.2 degrees C and the consumption of SC CO2 of 19.24 g/g(DM) were the best process conditions enabling the maximal yield of extract and gain of the highest content of sapogenins. The optimal values of pressure and temperature defined SC CO2 density of 885.47 kg/m(3), which provided the maximal yield of the extract with the highest content of steroidal sapogenins. The achieved yield of extract at these conditions was 0.073g/g(DM), with 0.774 mg/g(DM) diosgenin, 0.477 mg/g(DM) protodioscin, 0.713 mg/g(DM) sarsapogenin and 0.205 mg/g(DM) oleanolic and ursolic acid with a significant quantity of 2.475 mg/g(DM) in the obtained extract.

An optimal laboratory two-step procedure was developed for sodium/potassium O-alkyl carbonodithioate (sodium/potassium alkyl xanthates) production in the form of aqueous solutions. Sodium isopropyl xanthate (Na-iPrX), as the most effective salt in a real ore flotation process, was also produced at an industrial level and introduced as a collector for copper ores. In order to reduce toxicity of the flotation process and improve sustainability by minimising environmental impacts, collector efficiency and selectivity in the flotation process were studied in relation to possible synergism of xanthates combined with the derived biomass and biodegradable green reagents levulinic acid, 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furanacrylic acid (HMFA), and condensation product of hydroxymethylfurfural and levulinic acid. Optimal content of 30% of HMFA in the collector pointed to the possibility of substitution of commercial xanthate collector without significantly affecting its efficiency/selectivity. The density functional theory (DFT) calculations provided insights into the interaction mechanism of Na-iPrX and HMFA with cooper. The benefits of the presented method highlight production simplicity, mild reaction conditions, high purity and yield of products, no by-products, and technological applicability on an industrial scale.

Microwave radiation was suggested as a pretreatment technique to increase the yield of pomegranate seed oil. Seeds were pretreated at 100, 250 and 600 W during 2 and 6 min and then extracted by supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO(2)) in high pressure unit as well as by n-hexane in Soxhlet apparatus. Even at the lowest microwave pretreatment parameters applied (100 W for 2 min) increased the yield of seed oil obtained by both extraction techniques compared with untreated seeds (from 27.7 to 34.0% and from 21.6 to 25.5% for Soxhlet and scCO(2) extractions, respectively). Maximal oil yield in Soxhlet extraction (36.3%) was obtained with microwave radiation of 600 W for 6 min while for scCO(2) extraction maximal oil yield (27.2%) was with 250 W for 6 min microwave radiation pretreatment. The qualitative and quantitative composition of fatty acids of the obtained oils was determined by gas chromatography/flame ionization detection and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Punicic acid was the most abundant fatty acid in pomegranate seed oil ( gt 60%). Microwave pretreatment of seeds showed negligible influence on profile and the amount of fatty acids in obtained extracts, compared with its significant influence on extraction yield. Our results recognize microwave pretreatment as a promising technique for intensification of oil extraction from pomegranate seeds.

Sintetski hipolipemici danas se sve više zamenjuju prirodnim hipolipemicima, usled utvrđenih nedostataka, nus-pojava i sporednih efekata sintetičkih lekova. Shodno tome, podstaknuta je povećana upotreba biljaka, odnosno njihovih aktivnih komponenata- sa hipolipemijskom aktivnošću. Zamena sintetskih jedinjenja prirodnim aktivnim komponentama usmerava istraživanja u pravcu ispitivanja različitih biljnih materijala i identifikovanja novih jedinjenja sa hipolipemijskim dejstvom koji se mogu iz njih izolovati. Zbog toga se veliki napori ulože u cilju dobijanja i izolovanja prirodnih hipolipemika, kao i za razvoj efikasnih i selektivnih tehnika ekstrakcije. Ekstrakciju konvencionalnim rastvaračima karakterišu niska selektivnost i visoke temperature, što može dovesti do degradacije željenih jedinjenja. Primenom natkritične ekstrakcije (NKE) koja se odvija na nižim temperaturama, sprečava se degradacija jedinjenja i dobija na kvalitetu ekstrakata shodno većoj koncentraciji komponenata sa željenim farmakološkim dejstvom. NKE je mnogo selektivnija od konvencionalnih načina ekstrakcije. Selektivnost prema pojedinim grupama jedinjenja se postiže podešavanjem uslova ekstrakcije (temperature i pritiska). Usled lake i potpune separacije natkritičnog fluida smanjenjem pritiska, ovaj vid ekstrakcije omogućava dobijanje ekstrakata bez tragova rastvarača (npr. za primenu u prehrambenoj, kozmetičkoj i farmaceutskoj industriji). Cilj ovog rada je bilo proučavanje frakcija ekstrakata matičnjaka (Melissae officinalis L., Lamiaceae) i grčkog semena (Trigonella foenum-graecum L., Fabaceae) bogatih supstancama sa hipolipemijskom aktivnosti, izolovanih primenom različitih metoda ekstrakcije, kao i optimizacija procesa njihovog dobijanja. Za dobijanje ekstrakata bogatih supstancama sa hipolipemijskim dejstvom, primenjena je subkritična (SKE) i NKE sa ugljenik (IV)-oksidom, hidrodestilacija i ekstrakcija etanolom. Na osnovu hemijskog profila dobijenih ekstrakata, identifikovane su supstance koj, Synthetic hypolipemics nowdays have being replaced by natural ones due to the noticed deficiencies and side effects of synthetic drugs. Great effort is being devoted to the search for alternative and cheaper sources of natural hypolipemics, as well as to the development of efficient, selective and more convenient extraction techniques. Extraction with conventional solvents is characterized by poor selectivity and requires high temperatures, which could result in degradation of the desired compounds, and obtained extracts usually have solvent residues which is not convenient in medicinal use. Supercritical extraction (SCE) shows higher selectivity compared to conventional techniques of extraction. Selectivity of SCE towards some groups of compounds can be tuned by changing extraction conditions (pressure and temperature). According to easy and total separation of supercritical fluid from the extract achieved by lowering pressure, SCE presents type of extraction which allows obtaining extracts without residual solvents (for example for application in pharmaceutical, food and cosmetics industry). The aim of this study was the isolation of extracts of lemon balm (Melissae officinalis) and fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) rich in compounds that possess hypolipidemic activity according to literature data, using different extraction processes. The extracts rich in hypolipidemic substances were obtained by supercritical carbon dioxide extraction (SCE-CO2), hydrodistillation and ethanol extraction from plant material. Characterization and analysis of the obtained extracts as well as determination of contents of the components identified by the literature data as carriers of hypolipidemic activity, were performed . Identification and quantification of the active components in the extracts were performed using gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC / MS) and liquid chromatography (HPLC). The research was based on the kinetic analysis and optimization of different extrac

Synthetic hypolipemics nowdays have being replaced by natural ones due to the noticed deficiencies and side effects of synthetic drugs. Great effort is being devoted to the search for alternative and cheaper sources of natural hypolipemics, as well as to the development of efficient, selective and more convenient extraction techniques. Extraction with conventional solvents is characterized by poor selectivity and requires high temperatures, which could result in degradation of the desired compounds, and obtained extracts usually have solvent residues which is not convenient in medicinal use. Supercritical extraction (SCE) shows higher selectivity compared to conventional techniques of extraction. Selectivity of SCE towards some groups of compounds can be tuned by changing extraction conditions (pressure and temperature). According to easy and total separation of supercritical fluid from the extract achieved by lowering pressure, SCE presents type of extraction which allows obtaining extracts without residual solvents (for example for application in pharmaceutical, food and cosmetics industry). The aim of this study was the isolation of extracts of lemon balm (Melissae officinalis) and fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) rich in compounds that possess hypolipidemic activity according to literature data, using different extraction processes. The extracts rich in hypolipidemic substances were obtained by supercritical carbon dioxide extraction (SCE-CO2), hydrodistillation and ethanol extraction from plant material. Characterization and analysis of the obtained extracts as well as determination of contents of the components identified by the literature data as carriers of hypolipidemic activity, were performed . Identification and quantification of the active components in the extracts were performed using gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC / MS) and liquid chromatography (HPLC). The research was based on the kinetic analysis and optimization of different extrac, Sintetski hipolipemici danas se sve više zamenjuju prirodnim hipolipemicima, usled utvrđenih nedostataka, nus-pojava i sporednih efekata sintetičkih lekova. Shodno tome, podstaknuta je povećana upotreba biljaka, odnosno njihovih aktivnih komponenata- sa hipolipemijskom aktivnošću. Zamena sintetskih jedinjenja prirodnim aktivnim komponentama usmerava istraživanja u pravcu ispitivanja različitih biljnih materijala i identifikovanja novih jedinjenja sa hipolipemijskim dejstvom koji se mogu iz njih izolovati. Zbog toga se veliki napori ulože u cilju dobijanja i izolovanja prirodnih hipolipemika, kao i za razvoj efikasnih i selektivnih tehnika ekstrakcije. Ekstrakciju konvencionalnim rastvaračima karakterišu niska selektivnost i visoke temperature, što može dovesti do degradacije željenih jedinjenja. Primenom natkritične ekstrakcije (NKE) koja se odvija na nižim temperaturama, sprečava se degradacija jedinjenja i dobija na kvalitetu ekstrakata shodno većoj koncentraciji komponenata sa željenim farmakološkim dejstvom. NKE je mnogo selektivnija od konvencionalnih načina ekstrakcije. Selektivnost prema pojedinim grupama jedinjenja se postiže podešavanjem uslova ekstrakcije (temperature i pritiska). Usled lake i potpune separacije natkritičnog fluida smanjenjem pritiska, ovaj vid ekstrakcije omogućava dobijanje ekstrakata bez tragova rastvarača (npr. za primenu u prehrambenoj, kozmetičkoj i farmaceutskoj industriji). Cilj ovog rada je bilo proučavanje frakcija ekstrakata matičnjaka (Melissae officinalis L., Lamiaceae) i grčkog semena (Trigonella foenum-graecum L., Fabaceae) bogatih supstancama sa hipolipemijskom aktivnosti, izolovanih primenom različitih metoda ekstrakcije, kao i optimizacija procesa njihovog dobijanja. Za dobijanje ekstrakata bogatih supstancama sa hipolipemijskim dejstvom, primenjena je subkritična (SKE) i NKE sa ugljenik (IV)-oksidom, hidrodestilacija i ekstrakcija etanolom. Na osnovu hemijskog profila dobijenih ekstrakata, identifikovane su supstance koj