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5,519 results on '"Bloss, A."'

1. Interplay of protection and damage through intermolecular processes in the decay of electronic core holes in microsolvated organic molecules

Author

Bloß, Dana, Kryzhevoi, Nikolai V., Maurmann, Jonas, Schmidt, Philipp, Knie, André, Viehmann, Johannes H., Deinert, Sascha, Hartmann, Gregor, Küstner-Wetekam, Catmarna, Trinter, Florian, Cederbaum, Lorenz S., Ehresmann, Arno, Kuleff, Alexander I., and Hans, Andreas

Subjects
Physics - Chemical Physics, Physics - Atomic and Molecular Clusters
Abstract

Soft X-ray irradiation of molecules causes electronic core-level vacancies through photoelectronemission. In light elements, such as C, N, or O, which are abundant in the biosphere, these vacancies predominantly decay by Auger emission, leading inevitably to dissociative multiply charged states. It was recently demonstrated that an environment can prevent fragmentation of core-level-ionized small organic molecules through immediate non-local decay of the core hole, dissipating charge and energy to the environment. Here, we present an extended photoelectron-photoion-photoion coincidence (PEPIPICO) study of the biorelevant pyrimidine molecule embedded in a water cluster. It is observed and supported by theoretical calculations that the supposed protective effect of the environment is partially reversed if the vacancy is originally located at a water molecule. In this scenario, intermolecular energy or charge transfer from the core-ionized water environment to the pyrimidine molecule leads to ionization of the latter, however, presumably in non-dissociative cationic states. Our results contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of the complex interplay of protective and harmful effects of an environment in the photochemistry of microsolvated molecules exposed to X-rays.

Published
2024

2. Site- and Energy-Selective Low-Energy Electron Emission by X-Rays in Aqueous Phase

Author

Bloß, Dana, Dupuy, Rémi, Trinter, Florian, Unger, Isaak, Walsh, Noelle, Öhrwall, Gunnar, Golchert, Niklas, Klassen, Gabriel, Krone, Adrian, Terao, Yusaku, Viehmann, Johannes H., Wülfing, Lasse, Richter, Clemens, Buttersack, Tillmann, Cederbaum, Lorenz S., Hergenhahn, Uwe, Björneholm, Olle, Ehresmann, Arno, and Hans, Andreas

Subjects
Physics - Chemical Physics, Physics - Atomic and Molecular Clusters
Abstract

Low-energy-electron emission from resonant Auger final states via intermolecular Coulombic decay (RA-ICD) has been previously described as a promising scenario for controlling radiation damage for medical purposes, but has so far only been observed in prototypical atomic and molecular van der Waals dimers and clusters. Here, we report the experimental observation of RA-ICD in aqueous solution. We show that for solvated Ca$^{2+}$ ions, the emission can be very efficiently controlled by tuning the photon energy of exciting X-rays to inner-shell resonances of the ions. Our results provide the next step from proving RA-ICD in relatively simple prototype systems to understanding the relevance and potential applications of ICD in real-life scenarios.

Published
2024

3. C3D: Cascade Control with Change Point Detection and Deep Koopman Learning for Autonomous Surface Vehicles

Author

Li, Jianwen, Park, Hyunsang, Hao, Wenjian, Xin, Lei, Chavez-Galaviz, Jalil, Chaudhary, Ajinkya, Bloss, Meredith, Pattison, Kyle, Vo, Christopher, Upadhyay, Devesh, Sundaram, Shreyas, Mou, Shaoshuai, and Mahmoudian, Nina

Subjects
Computer Science - Robotics
Abstract

In this paper, we discuss the development and deployment of a robust autonomous system capable of performing various tasks in the maritime domain under unknown dynamic conditions. We investigate a data-driven approach based on modular design for ease of transfer of autonomy across different maritime surface vessel platforms. The data-driven approach alleviates issues related to a priori identification of system models that may become deficient under evolving system behaviors or shifting, unanticipated, environmental influences. Our proposed learning-based platform comprises a deep Koopman system model and a change point detector that provides guidance on domain shifts prompting relearning under severe exogenous and endogenous perturbations. Motion control of the autonomous system is achieved via an optimal controller design. The Koopman linearized model naturally lends itself to a linear-quadratic regulator (LQR) control design. We propose the C3D control architecture Cascade Control with Change Point Detection and Deep Koopman Learning. The framework is verified in station keeping task on an ASV in both simulation and real experiments. The approach achieved at least 13.9 percent improvement in mean distance error in all test cases compared to the methods that do not consider system changes., Comment: This work has been submitted to the IEEE for possible publication

Published
2024

6. Attitudes Toward School-Based Surveillance of Adolescents Social Media Activity: Convergent Parallel Mixed Methods Survey.

Author

Burke, Colin, Triplett, Cynthia, Rubanovich, Caryn, Karnaze, Melissa, and Bloss, Cinnamon

Subjects
SMM, adolescents, mental health, privacy, public health, school safety, schools, social media, social media monitoring, students, surveillance
Abstract

BACKGROUND: US schools increasingly implement commercially available technology for social media monitoring (SMM) of students, purportedly to address youth mental health and school safety. However, little is known about how SMM is perceived by stakeholders, including the students who are the focus of these efforts. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to assess attitudes toward SMM in schools among 4 stakeholder groups and examine reasons for holding supportive, neutral, or unsupportive views toward the technology. We also sought to explore whether any differences in attitudes were associated with binary sex, race, ethnicity, sexual orientation, or gender identity. METHODS: In October 2019, we conducted a convergent parallel mixed methods web-based survey of young adults (aged 18-22 y; n=206), parents (n=205), teachers (n=77), and school administrators (n=41) via Qualtrics web-based panels. We included Likert-type survey items to assess perceived benefits, risks, and overall support of SMM in schools and test for differences based on stakeholder group or demographic characteristics. We also included open-ended questions, and the responses to these items were analyzed using thematic content analysis of reasons given for holding supportive, neutral, or unsupportive views. RESULTS: The tests of group differences showed that young adults perceived lower benefit (P

Published
2024

7. Measures of empathy and compassion: A scoping review.

Author

Rubanovich, Caryn, Khatib, Lora, Sprengel, Meredith, Tanega, Chloé, Polizzi, Craig, Vahidi, Pantea, Malaktaris, Anne, Chu, Gage, Lang, Ariel, Tai-Seale, Ming, Eyler, Lisa, Bloss, Cinnamon, and Vieten, Cassandra

Subjects
Empathy, Psychometrics, Mindfulness
Abstract

Evidence to date indicates that compassion and empathy are health-enhancing qualities. Research points to interventions and practices involving compassion and empathy being beneficial, as well as being salient outcomes of contemplative practices such as mindfulness. Advancing the science of compassion and empathy requires that we select measures best suited to evaluating effectiveness of training and answering research questions. The objective of this scoping review was to 1) determine what instruments are currently available for measuring empathy and compassion, 2) assess how and to what extent they have been validated, and 3) provide an online tool to assist researchers and program evaluators in selecting appropriate measures for their settings and populations. A scoping review and broad evidence map were employed to systematically search and present an overview of the large and diverse body of literature pertaining to measuring compassion and empathy. A search string yielded 19,446 articles, and screening resulted in 559 measure development or validation articles reporting on 503 measures focusing on or containing subscales designed to measure empathy and/or compassion. For each measure, we identified the type of measure, construct being measured, in what context or population it was validated, response set, sample items, and how many different types of psychometrics had been assessed for that measure. We provide tables summarizing these data, as well as an open-source online interactive data visualization allowing viewers to search for measures of empathy and compassion, review their basic qualities, and access original citations containing more detail. Finally, we provide a rubric to help readers determine which measure(s) might best fit their context.

Published
2024

8. X-ray radiation damage cycle of solvated inorganic ions

Author

Bloß, Dana, Trinter, Florian, Unger, Isaak, Zindel, Christina, Honisch, Carolin, Viehmann, Johannes, Kiefer, Nils, Marder, Lutz, Küstner-Wetekam, Catmarna, Heikura, Emilia, Cederbaum, Lorenz S., Björneholm, Olle, Hergenhahn, Uwe, Ehresmann, Arno, and Hans, Andreas

Published
2024
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9. Activity-dependent compartmentalization of dendritic mitochondria morphology through local regulation of fusion-fission balance in neurons in vivo

Author

Virga, Daniel M., Hamilton, Stevie, Osei, Bertha, Morgan, Abigail, Kneis, Parker, Zamponi, Emiliano, Park, Natalie J., Hewitt, Victoria L., Zhang, David, Gonzalez, Kevin C., Russell, Fiona M., Grahame Hardie, D., Prudent, Julien, Bloss, Erik, Losonczy, Attila, Polleux, Franck, and Lewis, Jr, Tommy L.

Published
2024
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10. An open access approach to mapping climate risk and vulnerability for decision-making: A case study of Birmingham, United Kingdom

Author

S.V. Greenham, E.J.S. Ferranti, S. Jones, J. Zhong, N. Grayson, S. Needle, W.J.F. Acton, A.R. MacKenzie, and W.J. Bloss

Subjects
Climate change, Climate risk, Vulnerability, Adaptation, GIS, Mapping, Meteorology. Climatology, QC851-999, Social sciences (General), H1-99
Abstract

The global climate is changing, and local authorities must respond to changing climate risk to protect citizens and the urban environment in which they live. This paper presents an open access approach to map climate risk and vulnerability using Birmingham, the UK’s second city as a case study. A Climate Risk and Vulnerability Assessment (CRVA) was co-created with Birmingham City Council to ensure the approach supports the organisation’s needs, now and in the future. Using Geographic Information System (GIS) software, eleven geospatial datasets expressing physical, environmental, and social variables were combined to characterise holistic climate risk and vulnerability relative to the city boundary, where the higher the score, the higher the combined climate risk and vulnerability of an area. The resulting map (i) transparently evidences climate impacts across the city and the underpinning drivers, (ii) supports the prioritisation of interventions for those areas most at risk or vulnerable to climate change, (iii) supports the implementation of more climate-resilient development, and (iv) can be managed by stakeholders going forward for monitoring and evaluation purposes. While there are inevitable limitations in what can be achieved with an open access approach, the current CRVA can be considered a ‘minimum viable product’ that can be developed and improved iteratively in climate adaptation planning cycles. Its results can feed into broader policy agendas, such as national adaptation plans, adaptation reporting, just transition, and biodiversity net gain.

Published
2024
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11. X-ray radiation damage cycle of solvated inorganic ions

Author

Dana Bloß, Florian Trinter, Isaak Unger, Christina Zindel, Carolin Honisch, Johannes Viehmann, Nils Kiefer, Lutz Marder, Catmarna Küstner-Wetekam, Emilia Heikura, Lorenz S. Cederbaum, Olle Björneholm, Uwe Hergenhahn, Arno Ehresmann, and Andreas Hans

Subjects
Science
Abstract

Abstract X-ray-induced damage is one of the key topics in radiation chemistry. Substantial damage is attributed to low-energy electrons and radicals emerging from direct inner-shell photoionization or produced by subsequent processes. We apply multi-electron coincidence spectroscopy to X-ray-irradiated aqueous solutions of inorganic ions to investigate the production of low-energy electrons (LEEs) in a predicted cascade of intermolecular charge- and energy-transfer processes, namely electron-transfer-mediated decay (ETMD) and interatomic/intermolecular Coulombic decay (ICD). An advanced coincidence technique allows us to identify several LEE-producing steps during the decay of 1s vacancies in solvated Mg2+ ions, which escaped observation in previous non-coincident experiments. We provide strong evidence for the predicted recovering of the ion’s initial state. In natural environments the recovering of the ion’s initial state is expected to cause inorganic ions to be radiation-damage hot spots, repeatedly producing destructive particles under continuous irradiation.

Published
2024
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12. The impact of multi-decadal changes in VOC speciation on urban ozone chemistry: a case study in Birmingham, United Kingdom

Author

J. Li, A. C. Lewis, J. R. Hopkins, S. J. Andrews, T. Murrells, N. Passant, B. Richmond, S. Hou, W. J. Bloss, R. M. Harrison, and Z. Shi

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999, Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract

Anthropogenic non-methane volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the United Kingdom have been substantially reduced since 1990, which is, in part, attributed to controls on evaporative and vehicle tailpipe emissions. Over time, other sources with a different speciation (for example, alcohols from solvent use and industry processes) have grown in both relative importance and, in some cases, in absolute terms. The impact of this change in speciation and the resulting photochemical reactivities of VOCs are evaluated using a photochemical box model constrained by observational data during a summertime ozone event (Birmingham, UK) and apportionment of sources based on the UK National Atmospheric Emission Inventory (NAEI) data over the period 1990–2019. Despite road transport sources representing only 3.3 % of UK VOC emissions in 2019, road transport continued being the sector with the largest influence on the local O3 production rate (P(O3)). Under case study conditions, the 96 % reduction in road transport VOC emissions that has been achieved between 1990 and 2019 has likely reduced daytime P(O3) by ∼ 1.67 ppbv h−1. Further abatement of fuel fugitive emissions was modeled to have had less impact on P(O3) reduction than abatement of VOCs from industrial processes and solvent use. The long-term trend of increased emissions of ethanol and methanol has somewhat weakened the benefits of reducing road transport emissions, increasing P(O3) by ∼ 0.19 ppbv h−1 in the case study. Abatement of VOC emissions from multiple sources has been a notable technical and policy success in the UK, but some future benefits (from an ozone perspective) of the phase-out of internal combustion engine passenger cars may be offset if domestic and commercial solvent use of VOCs continue to increase.

Published
2024
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13. Compassion as a tool for allyship and anti-racism

Author

Karnaze, Melissa M, Rajagopalan, Ramya M, Eyler, Lisa T, and Bloss, Cinnamon S

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Psychology, compassion, empathy, allyship, anti-racism, systemic racism, Cognitive Sciences, Biomedical and clinical sciences
Abstract

Racist systems, policies, and institutions subvert the quality of life for minoritized individuals and groups, across all indicators, from education and employment, to health, to community safety. Reforms to address systemic racism may be accelerated with greater support from allies who identify with the dominant groups that derive advantage from such systems. Although enhancing empathy and compassion for impacted individuals and groups may foster greater allyship with and support of minoritized communities, little work to date has assessed the relationships among compassion, empathy, and allyship. After reviewing current work in the area, this perspective offers insights into the utility and specific components of a compassion-based framework that can be used to combat racism, using findings from a survey study in which we investigated the relationship between validated psychometric measures of compassion and allyship with minoritized communities. Several subdomains of compassion, as measured among individuals identifying as non-Black, correlate significantly with levels of felt allyship with Black or African American communities. These findings inform recommendations for compassion-focused research, including development and testing of interventions to promote allyship, advocacy, and solidarity with minoritized groups, and support efforts to undo longstanding structural racisms that have patterned inequality in the United States.

Published
2023

14. Exploring the value of a global gene drive project registry

Author

Taitingfong, Riley I, Triplett, Cynthia, Vásquez, Váleri N, Rajagopalan, Ramya M, Raban, Robyn, Roberts, Aaron, Terradas, Gerard, Baumgartner, Bridget, Emerson, Claudia, Gould, Fred, Okumu, Fredros, Schairer, Cynthia E, Bossin, Hervé C, Buchman, Leah, Campbell, Karl J, Clark, Anna, Delborne, Jason, Esvelt, Kevin, Fisher, Joshua, Friedman, Robert M, Gronvall, Gigi, Gurfield, Nikos, Heitman, Elizabeth, Kofler, Natalie, Kuiken, Todd, Kuzma, Jennifer, Manrique-Saide, Pablo, Marshall, John M, Montague, Michael, Morrison, Amy C, Opesen, Chris C, Phelan, Ryan, Piaggio, Antoinette, Quemada, Hector, Rudenko, Larisa, Sawadogo, Natéwindé, Smith, Robert, Tuten, Holly, Ullah, Anika, Vorsino, Adam, Windbichler, Nikolai, Akbari, Omar S, Long, Kanya, Lavery, James V, Evans, Sam Weiss, Tountas, Karen, and Bloss, Cinnamon S

Subjects
Gene Drive Technology, Registries, Data Collection
Published
2023

15. Investigations on the processing of ceramic materials using Fused Filament Fabrication

Author

Toni Wille, Andreas Hopf, Michel Layher, Jens Bliedtner, Albert Kerber, and Lucas Bloß

Subjects
Additive manufacturing, Composites, Ceramics, Process chain, Fused Filament Fabrication, Clay industries. Ceramics. Glass, TP785-869
Abstract

This paper represents the current status of the investigation into the processing of ceramic components, using Fused Filament Fabrication (“FFF”). The process chain, beginning from the additive manufacturing (“AM”), through the post processing, the debinding and sintering procedure, to the finished part is described. The examined materials are silicon nitride (Si3N4) and silicon carbide (SSiC), prepared by the company SiCeram/Qsil. Furthermore, comprehensive investigations on the materials are done, both in the green and in the sintered state. In addition, sources of occurring problems and defects in the process chain are pointed out and possible solutions are shown. Finally, the current status of investigations, regarding to the transfer into the industry, is discussed.

Published
2024
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16. Diagnóstico Socioambiental dos Setores de uma Instituição Pública de Educação

Author

Caroline Côrtes Lacerda, Toshio Nishijima, Helena Floriano Bloss, Michele Barros de Deus Chuquel da Silva, and Juliana de Magalhães Bandeira

Subjects
Diagnóstico socioambiental, Instituição de ensino, Educação ambiental, Education
Abstract

A educação ambiental nas instituições de ensino, assim como nas demais instituições, pode promover a formação de cidadania, pois proporciona espaços de debates e aprendizagens sobre preservação, conservação e cuidado com o meio ambiente, que contribuem para a sensibilização sobre essas questões. Portanto, de acordo com a importância e necessidade de trabalhar com a educação ambiental nas instituições de ensino, busca-se conhecer os aspectos socioambientais e realizar um diagnóstico de como é abordada a sustentabilidade no Instituto Federal Farroupilha campus São Borja/RS. A pesquisa é qualitativa e de campo e envolveu os setores da área do ensino e da área administrativa da referida Instituição. Aplicaram-se questionários, por meio do Google Forms, envolvendo os aspectos: levantamento do consumo de recursos naturais; principais bens adquiridos e contratados; obras realizadas; práticas ambientais já adotadas, principalmente com relação ao descarte de resíduos; e necessidades de capacitação. Os dados foram tabulados e analisados de forma qualitativa. Dessa forma, identificou-se, em relação à utilização de recursos naturais, uma redução no consumo de folhas de papel, o que pode estar relacionado aos novos hábitos aprendidos durante o ensino remoto. Embora a Instituição desenvolva ações socioambientais, há setores que ainda não realizam o descarte correto dos resíduos e isso demonstra a necessidade de maior sensibilização na área de Educação Ambiental. Com isso, verificou-se a urgência de formação para os servidores, assim como para os gestores, para que possam incentivar os diferentes setores e a comunidade acadêmica sobre essas práticas.

Published
2024
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17. Long-term impact of COVID-19 hospitalisation among individuals with pre-existing airway diseases in the UK: a multicentre, longitudinal cohort study – PHOSP-COVID

Author

Omer Elneima, John R. Hurst, Carlos Echevarria, Jennifer K. Quint, Samantha Walker, Salman Siddiqui, Petr Novotny, Paul E. Pfeffer, Jeremy S. Brown, Manu Shankar-Hari, Hamish J.C. McAuley, Olivia C. Leavy, Aarti Shikotra, Amisha Singapuri, Marco Sereno, Matthew Richardson, Ruth M. Saunders, Victoria C. Harris, Linzy Houchen-Wolloff, Neil J. Greening, Ewen M. Harrison, Annemarie B. Docherty, Nazir I. Lone, James D. Chalmers, Ling-Pei Ho, Alex Horsley, Michael Marks, Krisnah Poinasamy, Betty Raman, Rachael A. Evans, Louise V. Wain, Aziz Sheikh, Chris E. Brightling, Anthony De Soyza, Liam G. Heaney, J.K. Baillie, N.I. Lone, E. Pairo-Castineira, N. Avramidis, K. Rawlik, S Jones, L. Armstrong, B. Hairsine, H. Henson, C. Kurasz, A. Shaw, L. Shenton, H. Dobson, A. Dell, S. Fairbairn, N. Hawkings, J. Haworth, M. Hoare, V. Lewis, A. Lucey, G. Mallison, H. Nassa, C. Pennington, A. Price, C. Price, A. Storrie, G. Willis, S. Young, K. Poinasamy, S. Walker, I. Jarrold, A. Sanderson, K. Chong-James, C. David, W.Y. James, P. Pfeffer, O. Zongo, A. Martineau, C. Manisty, C. Armour, V. Brown, J. Busby, B. Connolly, T. Craig, S. Drain, L.G. Heaney, B. King, N. Magee, E. Major, D. McAulay, L. McGarvey, J. McGinness, T. Peto, R. Stone, A. Bolger, F. Davies, A. Haggar, J. Lewis, A. Lloyd, R. Manley, E. McIvor, D. Menzies, K. Roberts, W. Saxon, D. Southern, C. Subbe, V. Whitehead, A. Bularga, N.L. Mills, J. Dawson, H. El-Taweel, L. Robinson, L. Brear, K. Regan, D. Saralaya, K. Storton, S. Amoils, A. Bermperi, I. Cruz, K. Dempsey, A. Elmer, J. Fuld, H. Jones, S. Jose, S. Marciniak, M. Parkes, C. Ribeiro, J. Taylor, M. Toshner, L. Watson, J. Worsley, L. Broad, T. Evans, M. Haynes, L. Jones, L. Knibbs, A. McQueen, C. Oliver, K. Paradowski, R. Sabit, J. Williams, I. Jones, L. Milligan, E. Harris, C. Sampson, E. Davies, C. Evenden, A. Hancock, K. Hancock, C. Lynch, M. Rees, L. Roche, N. Stroud, T. Thomas-Woods, S. Heller, T. Chalder, K. Shah, E. Robertson, B. Young, M. Babores, M. Holland, N. Keenan, S. Shashaa, H. Wassall, L. Austin, E. Beranova, T. Cosier, J. Deery, T. Hazelton, H. Ramos, R. Solly, S. Turney, H. Weston, M. Ralser, L. Pearce, S. Pugmire, W. Stoker, A. Wilson, W. McCormick, E. Fraile, J. Ugoji, L. Aguilar Jimenez, G. Arbane, S. Betts, K. Bisnauthsing, A. Dewar, N. Hart, G. Kaltsakas, H. Kerslake, M.M. Magtoto, P. Marino, L.M. Martinez, M. Ostermann, J. Rossdale, T.S. Solano, M. Alvarez Corral, A. Arias, E. Bevan, D. Griffin, J. Martin, J. Owen, S. Payne, A. Prabhu, A. Reed, W. Storrar, N. Williams, C. Wrey Brown, T. Burdett, J. Featherstone, C. Lawson, A. Layton, C. Mills, L. Stephenson, Y. Ellis, P. Atkin, K. Brindle, M.G. Crooks, K. Drury, N. Easom, R. Flockton, L. Holdsworth, A. Richards, D.L. Sykes, S. Thackray-Nocera, C. Wright, S. Coetzee, K. Davies, R. Hughes, R. Loosley, H. McGuinness, A. Mohamed, L. O'Brien, Z. Omar, E. Perkins, J. Phipps, G. Ross, A. Taylor, H. Tench, R. Wolf-Roberts, L. Burden, E. Calvelo, B. Card, C. Carr, E.R. Chilvers, D. Copeland, P. Cullinan, P. Daly, L. Evison, T. Fayzan, H. Gordon, S. Haq, R.G. Jenkins, C. King, O. Kon, K. March, M. Mariveles, L. McLeavey, N. Mohamed, S. Moriera, U. Munawar, J. Nunag, U. Nwanguma, L. Orriss-Dib, A. Ross, M. Roy, E. Russell, K. Samuel, J. Schronce, N. Simpson, L. Tarusan, D.C. Thomas, C. Wood, N. Yasmin, D. Altmann, L.S. Howard, D. Johnston, A. Lingford-Hughes, W.D-C. Man, J. Mitchell, P.L. Molyneaux, C. Nicolaou, D.P. O'Regan, L. Price, J. Quint, D. Smith, R.S. Thwaites, J. Valabhji, S. Walsh, C.M. Efstathiou, F. Liew, A. Frankel, L. Lightstone, S. McAdoo, M. Wilkins, M. Willicombe, R. Touyz, A-M. Guerdette, M. Hewitt, R. Reddy, K. Warwick, S. White, A. McMahon, M. Malim, K. Bramham, M. Brown, K. Ismail, T. Nicholson, C. Pariante, C. Sharpe, S. Wessely, J. Whitney, O. Adeyemi, R. Adrego, H. Assefa-Kebede, J. Breeze, S. Byrne, P. Dulawan, A. Hoare, C.J. Jolley, A. Knighton, S. Patale, I. Peralta, N. Powell, A. Ramos, K. Shevket, F. Speranza, A. Te, A. Shah, A. Chiribiri, C. O'Brien, A. Hayday, A. Ashworth, P. Beirne, J. Clarke, C. Coupland, M. Dalton, C. Favager, J. Glossop, J. Greenwood, L. Hall, T. Hardy, A. Humphries, J. Murira, D. Peckham, S. Plein, J. Rangeley, G. Saalmink, A.L. Tan, E. Wade, B. Whittam, N. Window, J. Woods, G. Coakley, L. Turtle, L. Allerton, A.M. Allt, M. Beadsworth, A. Berridge, J. Brown, S. Cooper, A. Cross, S. Defres, S.L. Dobson, J. Earley, N. French, W. Greenhalf, K. Hainey, H.E. Hardwick, J. Hawkes, V. Highett, S. Kaprowska, A.L. Key, L. Lavelle-Langham, N. Lewis-Burke, G. Madzamba, F. Malein, S. Marsh, C. Mears, L. Melling, M.J. Noonan, L. Poll, J. Pratt, E. Richardson, A. Rowe, M.G. Semple, V. Shaw, K.A. Tripp, L.O. Wajero, S.A. Williams-Howard, D.G. Wootton, J. Wyles, S.N. Diwanji, S. Gurram, P. Papineni, S. Quaid, G.F. Tiongson, E. Watson, A. Briggs, M. Marks, C. Hastie, N. Rogers, N. Smith, D. Stensel, L. Bishop, K. McIvor, P. Rivera-Ortega, B. Al-Sheklly, C. Avram, J. Blaikely, M. Buch, N. Choudhury, D. Faluyi, T. Felton, T. Gorsuch, N.A. Hanley, A. Horsley, T. Hussell, Z. Kausar, N. Odell, R. Osbourne, K. Piper Hanley, K. Radhakrishnan, S. Stockdale, T. Kabir, J.T. Scott, P.J.M. Openshaw, I.D. Stewart, D. Burn, A. Ayoub, G. Burns, G. Davies, A. De Soyza, C. Echevarria, H. Fisher, C. Francis, A. Greenhalgh, P. Hogarth, J. Hughes, K. Jiwa, G. Jones, G. MacGowan, D. Price, A. Sayer, J. Simpson, H. Tedd, S. Thomas, S. West, M. Witham, S. Wright, A. Young, M.J. McMahon, P. Neill, D. Anderson, N. Basu, H. Bayes, A. Brown, A. Dougherty, K. Fallon, L. Gilmour, D. Grieve, K. Mangion, A. Morrow, R. Sykes, C. Berry, I.B. McInnes, K. Scott, F. Barrett, A. Donaldson, E.K. Sage, D. Bell, R. Hamil, K. Leitch, L. Macliver, M. Patel, J. Quigley, A. Smith, B. Welsh, G. Choudhury, S. Clohisey, A. Deans, A.B. Docherty, J. Furniss, E.M. Harrison, S. Kelly, A. Sheikh, J.D. Chalmers, D. Connell, C. Deas, A. Elliott, J. George, S. Mohammed, J. Rowland, A.R. Solstice, D. Sutherland, C.J. Tee, J. Bunker, R. Gill, R. Nathu, K. Holmes, H. Adamali, D. Arnold, S. Barratt, A. Dipper, S. Dunn, N. Maskell, A. Morley, L. Morrison, L. Stadon, S. Waterson, H. Welch, B. Jayaraman, T. Light, I. Vogiatzis, P. Almeida, C.E. Bolton, A. Hosseini, L. Matthews, R. Needham, K. Shaw, A.K. Thomas, J. Bonnington, M. Chrystal, C. Dupont, P.L. Greenhaff, A. Gupta, W. Jang, S. Linford, A. Nikolaidis, S. Prosper, A. Burns, N. Kanellakis, V.M. Ferreira, C. Nikolaidou, C. Xie, M. Ainsworth, A. Alamoudi, A. Bloss, P. Carter, M. Cassar, J. Chen, F. Conneh, T. Dong, R.I. Evans, E. Fraser, J.R. Geddes, F. Gleeson, P. Harrison, M. Havinden-Williams, L.P. Ho, P. Jezzard, I. Koychev, P. Kurupati, H. McShane, C. Megson, S. Neubauer, D. Nicoll, G. Ogg, E. Pacpaco, M. Pavlides, Y. Peng, N. Petousi, J. Pimm, N.M. Rahman, B. Raman, M.J. Rowland, K. Saunders, M. Sharpe, N. Talbot, E.M. Tunnicliffe, A. Korszun, S. Kerr, R.E. Barker, D. Cristiano, N. Dormand, P. George, M. Gummadi, S. Kon, K. Liyanage, C.M. Nolan, B. Patel, S. Patel, O. Polgar, P. Shah, S. Singh, J.A. Walsh, M. Gibbons, S. Ahmad, S. Brill, J. Hurst, H. Jarvis, L. Lim, S. Mandal, D. Matila, O. Olaosebikan, C. Singh, C. Laing, H. Baxendale, L. Garner, C. Johnson, J. Mackie, A. Michael, J. Newman, J. Pack, K. Paques, H. Parfrey, J. Parmar, A. Reddy, M. Halling-Brown, P. Dark, N. Diar-Bakerly, D. Evans, E. Hardy, A. Harvey, D. Holgate, S. Knight, N. Mairs, N. Majeed, L. McMorrow, J. Oxton, J. Pendlebury, C. Summersgill, R. Ugwuoke, S. Whittaker, W. Matimba-Mupaya, S. Strong-Sheldrake, P. Chowienczyk, J. Bagshaw, M. Begum, K. Birchall, R. Butcher, H. Carborn, F. Chan, K. Chapman, Y. Cheng, L. Chetham, C. Clark, Z. Coburn, J. Cole, M. Dixon, A. Fairman, J. Finnigan, H. Foot, D. Foote, A. Ford, R. Gregory, K. Harrington, L. Haslam, L. Hesselden, J. Hockridge, A. Holbourn, B. Holroyd-Hind, L. Holt, A. Howell, E. Hurditch, F. Ilyas, C. Jarman, A. Lawrie, J-H. Lee, E. Lee, R. Lenagh, A. Lye, I. Macharia, M. Marshall, A. Mbuyisa, J. McNeill, S. Megson, J. Meiring, L. Milner, S. Misra, H. Newell, T. Newman, C. Norman, L. Nwafor, D. Pattenadk, M. Plowright, J. Porter, P. Ravencroft, C. Roddis, J. Rodger, S.L. Rowland-Jones, P. Saunders, J. Sidebottom, J. Smith, L. Smith, N. Steele, G. Stephens, R. Stimpson, B. Thamu, A.A.R. Thompson, N. Tinker, K. Turner, H. Turton, P. Wade, J. Watson, I. Wilson, A. Zawia, L. Allsop, K. Bennett, P. Buckley, M. Flynn, M. Gill, C. Goodwin, M. Greatorex, H. Gregory, C. Heeley, L. Holloway, M. Holmes, J. Hutchinson, J. Kirk, W. Lovegrove, T.A. Sewell, S. Shelton, D. Sissons, K. Slack, S. Smith, D. Sowter, S. Turner, V. Whitworth, I. Wynter, J. Tomlinson, L. Warburton, S. Painter, S. Palmer, D. Redwood, J. Tilley, C. Vickers, T. Wainwright, G. Breen, M. Hotopf, R. Aul, D. Forton, M. Ali, A. Dunleavy, M. Mencias, N. Msimanga, T. Samakomva, S. Siddique, V. Tavoukjian, J. Teixeira, R. Ahmed, R. Francis, L. Connor, A. Cook, G.A. Davies, T. Rees, F. Thaivalappil, C. Thomas, M. McNarry, K.E. Lewis, M. Coulding, S. Kilroy, J. McCormick, J. McIntosh, V. Turner, J. Vere, A. Butt, H. Savill, S.S. Kon, G. Landers, H. Lota, S. Portukhay, M. Nasseri, A. Daniels, A. Hormis, J. Ingham, L. Zeidan, M. Chablani, L. Osborne, S. Aslani, A. Banerjee, R. Batterham, G. Baxter, R. Bell, A. David, E. Denneny, A.D. Hughes, W. Lilaonitkul, P. Mehta, A. Pakzad, B. Rangelov, B. Williams, J. Willoughby, M. Xu, N. Ahwireng, D. Bang, D. Basire, J.S. Brown, R.C. Chambers, A. Checkley, R. Evans, M. Heightman, T. Hillman, J. Jacob, R. Jastrub, M. Lipman, S. Logan, D. Lomas, M. Merida Morillas, H. Plant, J.C. Porter, K. Roy, E. Wall, T. Treibel, N. Ahmad Haider, C. Atkin, R. Baggott, M. Bates, A. Botkai, A. Casey, B. Cooper, J. Dasgin, C. Dawson, K. Draxlbauer, N. Gautam, J. Hazeldine, T. Hiwot, S. Holden, K. Isaacs, T. Jackson, V. Kamwa, D. Lewis, J.M. Lord, S. Madathil, C. McGhee, K. McGee, A. Neal, A. Newton-Cox, J. Nyaboko, D. Parekh, Z. Peterkin, H. Qureshi, L. Ratcliffe, E. Sapey, J. Short, T. Soulsby, J. Stockley, Z. Suleiman, T. Thompson, M. Ventura, S. Walder, C. Welch, D. Wilson, S. Yasmin, K.P. Yip, N. Chaudhuri, C. Childs, R. Djukanovic, S. Fletcher, M. Harvey, M.G. Jones, E. Marouzet, B. Marshall, R. Samuel, T. Sass, T. Wallis, H. Wheeler, R. Steeds, P. Beckett, C. Dickens, U. Nanda, M. Aljaroof, N. Armstrong, H. Arnold, H. Aung, M. Bakali, M. Bakau, E. Baldry, M. Baldwin, C. Bourne, M. Bourne, C.E. Brightling, N. Brunskill, P. Cairns, L. Carr, A. Charalambou, C. Christie, M.J. Davies, E. Daynes, S. Diver, R. Dowling, S. Edwards, C. Edwardson, O. Elneima, H. Evans, R.A. Evans, J. Finch, S. Finney, S. Glover, N. Goodman, B. Gooptu, N.J. Greening, K. Hadley, P. Haldar, B. Hargadon, V.C. Harris, L. Houchen-Wolloff, W. Ibrahim, L. Ingram, K. Khunti, A. Lea, D. Lee, H.J.C. McAuley, G.P. McCann, P. McCourt, T. McNally, G. Mills, W. Monteiro, M. Pareek, S. Parker, A. Prickett, I.N. Qureshi, A. Rowland, R. Russell, M. Sereno, A. Shikotra, S. Siddiqui, A. Singapuri, S.J. Singh, J. Skeemer, M. Soares, E. Stringer, S. Terry, T. Thornton, M. Tobin, T.J.C. Ward, F. Woodhead, T. Yates, A.J. Yousuf, B. Guillen Guiio, O.C. Leavy, L.V. Wain, M. Broome, P. McArdle, D. Thickett, R. Upthegrove, D. Wilkinson, P. Moss, D. Wraith, J. Evans, E. Bullmore, J.L. Heeney, C. Langenberg, W. Schwaeble, C. Summers, J. Weir McCall, D. Adeloye, D.E. Newby, R. Pius, I. Rudan, M. Shankar-Hari, C.L. Sudlow, M. Thorpe, S. Walmsley, B. Zheng, L. Allan, C. Ballard, A. McGovern, J. Dennis, J. Cavanagh, S. MacDonald, K. O'Donnell, J. Petrie, N. Sattar, M. Spears, E. Guthrie, M. Henderson, R.J. Allen, M. Bingham, T. Brugha, R. Free, D. Jones, L. Gardiner, A.J. Moss, E. Mukaetova-Ladinska, P. Novotny, C. Overton, J.E. Pearl, T. Plekhanova, M. Richardson, N. Samani, J. Sargent, M. Sharma, M. Steiner, C. Taylor, C. Tong, E. Turner, J. Wormleighton, B. Zhao, K. Ntotsis, R.M. Saunders, D. Lozano-Rojas, D. Cuthbertson, G. Kemp, A. McArdle, B. Michael, W. Reynolds, L.G. Spencer, B. Vinson, M. Ashworth, K. Abel, H. Chinoy, B. Deakin, M. Harvie, C.A. Miller, S. Stanel, P. Barran, D. Trivedi, H. McAllister-Williams, S. Paddick, A. Rostron, J.P. Taylor, D. Baguley, C. Coleman, E. Cox, L. Fabbri, S. Francis, I. Hall, E. Hufton, S. Johnson, F. Khan, P. Kitterick, R. Morriss, N. Selby, L. Wright, C. Antoniades, A. Bates, M. Beggs, K. Bhui, K. Breeze, K.M. Channon, D. Clark, X. Fu, M. Husain, X. Li, E. Lukaschuk, C. McCracken, K. McGlynn, R. Menke, K. Motohashi, T.E. Nichols, G. Ogbole, S. Piechnik, I. Propescu, J. Propescu, A.A. Samat, Z.B. Sanders, L. Sigfrid, M. Webster, L. Kingham, P. Klenerman, H. Lamlum, G. Carson, M. Taquet, L. Finnigan, L.C. Saunders, J.M. Wild, P.C. Calder, N. Huneke, G. Simons, D. Baldwin, S. Bain, L. Daines, E. Bright, P. Crisp, R. Dharmagunawardena, M. Stern, L. Bailey, A. Reddington, A. Wight, A. Ashish, J. Cooper, E. Robinson, A. Broadley, L. Barman, C. Brookes, K. Elliott, L. Griffiths, Z. Guy, K. Howard, D. Ionita, H. Redfearn, C. Sarginson, and A. Turnbull

Subjects
Medicine
Abstract

Background The long-term outcomes of COVID-19 hospitalisation in individuals with pre-existing airway diseases are unknown. Methods Adult participants hospitalised for confirmed or clinically suspected COVID-19 and discharged between 5 March 2020 and 31 March 2021 were recruited to the Post-hospitalisation COVID-19 (PHOSP-COVID) study. Participants attended research visits at 5 months and 1 year post discharge. Clinical characteristics, perceived recovery, burden of symptoms and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of individuals with pre-existing airway disease (i.e., asthma, COPD or bronchiectasis) were compared to the non-airways group. Results A total of 615 out of 2697 (22.8%) participants had a history of pre-existing airway diseases (72.0% diagnosed with asthma, 22.9% COPD and 5.1% bronchiectasis). At 1 year, the airways group participants were less likely to feel fully recovered (20.4% versus 33.2%, p

Published
2024
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18. What can we learn from nested IoT low‐cost sensor networks for air quality? A case study of PM2.5 in Birmingham, UK

Author

Nicole Cowell, Clarissa Baldo, Lee Chapman, William Bloss, and Jian Zhong

Subjects
ADMS‐Urban dispersion model, Internet of Things (IoT), local particulate concentrations, low‐cost sensors, particulate matter, sensor networks, Meteorology. Climatology, QC851-999
Abstract

Abstract Low‐cost sensing and the Internet of Things (IoT), present new possibilities for unconventional monitoring of environmental parameters. This paper describes a series of intersecting networks of particulate matter sensors that were deployed across the Birmingham conurbation for a 12‐month period. The networks consisted of a combination of commercially available sensors and University developed sensors. Data from these networks were assimilated with data from a third‐party Zephyr deployment, along with the DEFRA AURN network, which was hosted on an open‐source online platform. This nesting of sensor networks allowed for new insights into sensor performance, including the accuracy of a large network to detect regional concentrations and the number of sensors needed for effective monitoring beyond indicative measurements. After comprehensive data validation steps, the sensors were shown to perform well during co‐location with reference instrumentation (exhibiting slopes of 0.74–1.3). The sensors demonstrated good capability of detecting temporal patterns of regional PM2.5 with the mean of the entire sensor network recording an annual mean PM2.5 concentration within 0.2 μgm−3 of the regulatory network annual mean observation. Network‐derived statistics for estimating urban background concentrations compared to a reference site increase in‐line with the number of sensors available, however when assessing this for near‐source concentrations the importance of sensor location rather than the number of sensors is highlighted. Overall, the network provided novel insights into local concentrations, detecting similar hotspots to those identified by a high‐resolution model. The increased spatial coverage afforded by the sensor network has the potential to support higher resolution evaluation of models and provide unprecedented spatial evidence for air pollution management interventions.

Published
2024
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22. Activity-dependent compartmentalization of dendritic mitochondria morphology through local regulation of fusion-fission balance in neurons in vivo

Author

Daniel M. Virga, Stevie Hamilton, Bertha Osei, Abigail Morgan, Parker Kneis, Emiliano Zamponi, Natalie J. Park, Victoria L. Hewitt, David Zhang, Kevin C. Gonzalez, Fiona M. Russell, D. Grahame Hardie, Julien Prudent, Erik Bloss, Attila Losonczy, Franck Polleux, and Tommy L. Lewis

Subjects
Science
Abstract

Abstract Neuronal mitochondria play important roles beyond ATP generation, including Ca2+ uptake, and therefore have instructive roles in synaptic function and neuronal response properties. Mitochondrial morphology differs significantly between the axon and dendrites of a given neuronal subtype, but in CA1 pyramidal neurons (PNs) of the hippocampus, mitochondria within the dendritic arbor also display a remarkable degree of subcellular, layer-specific compartmentalization. In the dendrites of these neurons, mitochondria morphology ranges from highly fused and elongated in the apical tuft, to more fragmented in the apical oblique and basal dendritic compartments, and thus occupy a smaller fraction of dendritic volume than in the apical tuft. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this striking degree of subcellular compartmentalization of mitochondria morphology are unknown, precluding the assessment of its impact on neuronal function. Here, we demonstrate that this compartment-specific morphology of dendritic mitochondria requires activity-dependent, Ca2+ and Camkk2-dependent activation of AMPK and its ability to phosphorylate two direct effectors: the pro-fission Drp1 receptor Mff and the recently identified anti-fusion, Opa1-inhibiting protein, Mtfr1l. Our study uncovers a signaling pathway underlying the subcellular compartmentalization of mitochondrial morphology in dendrites of neurons in vivo through spatially precise and activity-dependent regulation of mitochondria fission/fusion balance.

Published
2024
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23. Evaluating a strategy for measuring deformations of the primary reflector of the Green Bank telescope using a terrestrial laser scanner

Author

Salas, Pedro, Marganian, Paul, Brandt, Joe, Seymour, Andrew, Shelton, John, Sharp, Nathan, Jensen, Laura, Bloss, Marty, Beaudet, Carla, Egan, Dennis, Sizemore, Nathaniel, Frayer, David T., Schwab, Frederic R., and Lockman, Felix J.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

Astronomical observations in the molecule rich 3 mm window using large reflector antennas provide a unique view of the Universe. To efficiently carry out these observations gravitational and thermal deformations have to be corrected. Terrestrial laser scanners have been used to measure the deformations in large reflector antennas due to gravity, but have not yet been used for measuring thermal deformations. In this work we investigate the use of a terrestrial laser scanner to measure thermal deformations on the primary reflector of the Green Bank Telescope (GBT). Our method involves the use of differential measurements to reduce the systematic effects of the terrestrial laser scanner. We use the active surface of the primary reflector of the GBT to validate our method and explore its limitations. We find that when using differential measurements it is possible to accurately measure deformations corresponding to different Zernike polynomials down to an amplitude of 60 $\mu$m. The difference between the amplitudes of known deformations and those measured are $<140~\mu$m when the wind speed is $\lesssim2$ m s$^{-1}$. From these differences we estimate that it should be possible to bring the surface error of the GBT down to $240\pm6~\mu$m. This suggests that using a commercial off-the-shelf terrestrial laser scanner it is possible to measure deformations induced by thermal gradients on a large parabolic reflector., Comment: 16 pages, 8 figures, accepted for publication in Advanced Control for Applications

Published
2022
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24. Social support coping styles and psychological distress during the COVID-19 pandemic: The moderating role of sex

Author

McLean, Caitlin L, Chu, Gage M, Karnaze, Melissa M, Bloss, Cinnamon S, and Lang, Ariel J

Subjects
Clinical and Health Psychology, Health Services and Systems, Health Sciences, Psychology, Mental Health, Clinical Research, Depression, Behavioral and Social Science, Mind and Body, Prevention, Basic Behavioral and Social Science, Brain Disorders, Management of diseases and conditions, 2.3 Psychological, social and economic factors, Aetiology, 7.1 Individual care needs, Mental health, Good Health and Well Being, Adaptation, Psychological, Anxiety, COVID-19, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Pandemics, Psychological Distress, Social Support, Stress, Psychological, Social support, Coping, Stress, Sex, Gender, Medical and Health Sciences, Psychology and Cognitive Sciences, Psychiatry, Biomedical and clinical sciences, Health sciences
Abstract

BackgroundThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic led to the onset and exacerbation of mental health problems, such as stress, anxiety, and depression; yet stay-at-home-orders affected individuals' ability to make use of social support as a coping skill in managing distress. We aimed to evaluate how social support (emotional and instrumental) and biological sex were associated with stress, anxiety, and depression early in the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsParticipants (n = 7256) had an average age of 50.13 years (SD = 16.75) and 51.6% were male. Using a cross-sequential design, seven cohorts of individuals completed baseline (T1) and one-month follow-up (T2) questionnaires online from March to July of 2020. We used a series of hierarchical regressions to identify types of social support (Brief-COPE, T1) associated with stress (Perceived Stress Scale-10, T1 and T2), anxiety and depression (Patient Health Questionnaire-4, T2).ResultsGreater emotional support was associated with less perceived stress, anxiety and depression (all ps

Published
2022

25. Facilitating Kindergarteners' Grapheme-Phoneme Correspondence Acquisition as a Function of Integrating Embedded Picture Mnemonics Intervention

Author

Andrea L. Moyers-Bloss

Abstract

This study investigated how at-risk kindergarten students respond to the identification of letters and sounds using an embedded picture mnemonic intervention. The problem addressed was that kindergarten students face challenges in developing letter-name knowledge, letter-sound knowledge, and their reciprocal relationship (i.e., grapheme-phoneme correspondence), which are key precursors to reading. The purpose of this quantitative causal-comparative study was to examine the effects of an additional Tier 2 intervention using embedded picture mnemonics on at-risk kindergarten students' gains in these knowledge measures in comparison to a control group that did not receive the intervention. Dual Coding Theory served as the theoretical framework as the embedded picture mnemonics intervention provided dual codes through the visual picture representation embedded into the letter shape and the auditory production of each letter's sound. The participants were 38 first-semester kindergarten students at risk for reading failure at an urban, Title I public elementary school in Pennsylvania. The control and intervention groups were assessed prior to the eight-week intervention and again at the end of the implementation. A mixed multivariate analysis of variance was conducted. The students exposed to a small group embedded picture mnemonic intervention had statistically significant gains in all measures. However, the control group outperformed the intervention group in letter-sound knowledge acquisition. The implication of the results includes that assessing and targeting small group instruction early in the school year is an effective means of addressing the struggles of at-risk students. Future research should expand letter-name and letter-sound knowledge acquisition by collecting pretest and posttest data on individual letter names and sounds. The data analysis should identify specifically which letters and sounds were acquired. [The dissertation citations contained here are published with the permission of ProQuest LLC. Further reproduction is prohibited without permission. Copies of dissertations may be obtained by Telephone (800) 1-800-521-0600. Web page: http://www.proquest.com/en-US/products/dissertations/individuals.shtml.]

Published
2023

26. Water jet space charge spectroscopy: Route to direct measurement of electron dynamics for organic systems in their natural environment

Author

Mittermair, Michael, Martin, Felix, Wörle, Martin, Bloß, Dana, Duensing, Andreas, Kienberger, Reinhard, Hans, Andreas, Iglev, Hristo, Knie, André, and Helml, Wolfram

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Plasma Physics
Abstract

The toolbox for time-resolved direct measurements of electron dynamics covers a variety of methods. Since the experimental effort is increasing rapidly with achievable time resolution, there is an urge for simple and robust measurement techniques. Within this paper prove of concept experiments and numerical simulations are utilized to investigate the applicability of a new setup for the generation of ultrashort electron pulses in the energy range of 300 eV up to 1.6 keV. The experimental approach combines an in-vacuum liquid microjet and a few-cycle femtosecond laser system, while the threshold for electron impact ionization serves as a gate for the effective electron pulse duration. The experiments prove that electrons in the keV regime are accessible and that the electron spectrum can be easily tuned by laser intensity and focal position alignment with respect to the water jet. Numerical simulations show that a sub-picosecond temporal resolution is achievable., Comment: 13 Pages, 6 Fugures

Published
2021
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28. Cognitive and psychiatric symptom trajectories 2–3 years after hospital admission for COVID-19: a longitudinal, prospective cohort study in the UK

Author

Lone, Nazir, Baillie, Kenneth, Pairo-Castineira, Erola, Avramidis, Nikos, Wain, Louise, Guillen-Guio, Beatriz, Leavy, Olivia, Jones, S, Armstrong, Lisa, Hairsine, Brigid, Henson, Helen, Kurasz, Claire, Shaw, Alison, Shenton, Liz, Dobson, Hannah, Dell, Amanda, Fairbairn, Sara, Hawkings, Nancy, Haworth, Jill, Hoare, Michaela, Lewis, Victoria, Lucey, Alice, Mallison, Georgia, Nassa, Heeah, Pennington, Chris, Price, Andrea, Price, Claire, Storrie, Andrew, Willis, Gemma, Young, Susan, Poinasamy, Krisnah, Walker, Samantha, Jarrold, Ian, Rawlik, Konrad, Sanderson, Amy, Chong-James, K, David, C, James, W Y, Pfeffer, Paul, Zongo, O, Martineau, Adrian, Manisty, C, Armour, Cherie, Brown, Vanessa, Busby, John, Connolly, Bronwen, Craig, Thelma, Drain, Stephen, Heaney, Liam, King, Bernie, Magee, Nick, Major, E, McAulay, Danny, McGarvey, Lorcan, McGinness, Jade, Peto, Tunde, Stone, Roisin, Bolger, Annette, Davies, Ffyon, Haggar, Ahmed, Lewis, Joanne, Lloyd, Arwel, Manley, R, McIvor, Emma, Menzies, Daniel, Roberts, K, Saxon, W, Southern, David, Subbe, Christian, Whitehead, Victoria, Bularga, Anda, Mills, Nicholas, Dawson, Joy, El-Taweel, Hosni, Robinson, Leanne, Brear, Lucy, Regan, Karen, Saralaya, Dinesh, Storton, Kim, Amoils, Shannon, Bermperi, Areti, Cruz, Isabel, Dempsey, K, Elmer, Anne, Fuld, Jonathon, Jones, H, Jose, Sherly, Marciniak, Stefan, Parkes, M, Ribeiro, Carla, Taylor, Jessica, Toshner, Mark, Watson, L, Worsley, J, Broad, Lauren, Evans, Teriann, Haynes, Matthew, Jones, L, Knibbs, Lucy, McQueen, Alison, Oliver, Catherine, Paradowski, Kerry, Sabit, Ramsey, Williams, Jenny, Jones, Ian, Milligan, Lea, Harris, Edward, Sampson, Claire, Davies, Ellie, Evenden, Cerys, Hancock, Alyson, Hancock, Kia, Lynch, Ceri, Rees, Meryl, Roche, Lisa, Stroud, Natalie, Thomas-Woods, T, Heller, Simon, Chalder, Trudie, Shah, Kamini, Robertson, Elizabeth, Young, Bob, Babores, Marta, Holland, Maureen, Keenan, Natalie, Shashaa, Sharlene, Wassall, Helen, Austin, Liam, Beranova, Eva, Cosier, Tracey, Deery, Joanne, Hazelton, Tracy, Price, Carly, Ramos, Hazel, Solly, Reanne, Turney, Sharon, Weston, Heather, Coughlan, Eamon, Ralser, Markus, Pearce, Lorraine, Pugmire, S, Stoker, Wendy, Wilson, Ann, McCormick, W, Fraile, Eva, Ugoji, Jacinta, Aguilar Jimenez, Laura, Arbane, Gill, Betts, Sarah, Bisnauthsing, Karen, Dewar, A, Hart, Nicholas, Kaltsakas, G, Kerslake, Helen, Magtoto, Murphy, Marino, Philip, Martinez, L M, Ostermann, Marlies, Rossdale, Jennifer, Solano, Teresa, Alvarez Corral, Maria, Arias, Ava Maria, Bevan, Emily, Griffin, Denise, Martin, Jane, Owen, J, Payne, Sheila, Prabhu, A, Reed, Annabel, Storrar, Will, Williams, Nick, Wrey Brown, Caroline, Burdett, Tracy, Featherstone, James, Lawson, Cathy, Layton, Alison, Mills, Clare, Stephenson, Lorraine, Ellis, Yvette, Atkin, Paul, Brindle, K, Crooks, Michael, Drury, Katie, Easom, Nicholas, Flockton, Rachel, Holdsworth, L, Richards, A, Sykes, D L, Thackray-Nocera, Susannah, Wright, C, Coetzee, S, Davies, Kim, Hughes, Rachel Ann, Loosley, Ronda, McGuinness, Heather, Mohamed, Abdelrahman, O'Brien, Linda, Omar, Zohra, Perkins, Emma, Phipps, Janet, Ross, Gavin, Taylor, Abigail, Tench, Helen, Wolf-Roberts, Rebecca, Burden, L, Calvelo, Ellen, Card, Bethany, Carr, Caitlin, Chilvers, Edwin, Copeland, Donna, Cullinan, P, Daly, Patrick, Evison, Lynsey, Fayzan, Tamanah, Gordon, Hussain, Haq, Sulaimaan, Jenkins, Gisli, King, Clara, Kon, Onn Min, March, Katherine, Mariveles, Myril, McLeavey, Laura, Mohamed, Noura, Moriera, Silvia, Munawar, Unber, Nunag, Jose Lloyd, Nwanguma, Uchechi, Orriss-Dib, Lorna, Ross, Alexandra, Roy, Maura, Russell, Emily, Samuel, Katherine, Schronce, J, Simpson, Neil, Tarusan, Lawrence, Thomas, David, Wood, Chloe, Yasmin, Najira, Altmann, Danny, Howard, Luke, Johnston, Desmond, Lingford-Hughes, Anne, Man, William, Mitchell, Jane, Molyneaux, Philip, Nicolaou, Christos, O'Regan, D P, Price, L, Quint, Jenni, Smith, David, Thwaites, Ryan, Valabhji, Jonathon, Walsh, Simon, Efstathiou, Claudia, Liew, Felicity, Frankel, Anew, Lightstone, Liz, McAdoo, Steve, Wilkins, Martin, Willicombe, Michelle, Touyz, R, Guerdette, Anne-Marie, Hewitt, Melanie, Reddy, R, Warwick, Katie, White, Sonia, McMahon, Aisling, Adeyemi, Oluwaseun, Adrego, Rita, Assefa-Kebede, Hosanna, Breeze, Jonathon, Byrne, S, Dulawan, Pearl, Hoare, Amy, Jolley, Caroline, Knighton, Abigail, Patale, Sheetal, Peralta, Ida, Powell, Natassia, Ramos, Albert, Shevket, K, Speranza, Fabio, Te, Amelie, Malim, M, Bramham, Kate, Brown, M, Ismail, Khalida, Nicholson, Tim, Pariante, Carmen, Sharpe, Claire, Wessely, Simon, Whitney, J, Shah, Ajay, Chiribiri, A, O'Brien, C, Hayday, A, Ashworth, Andrew, Beirne, Paul, Clarke, Jude, Coupland, C, Dalton, Matthhew, Favager, Clair, Glossop, Jodie, Greenwood, John, Hall, Lucy, Hardy, Tim, Humphries, Amy, Murira, Jennifer, Peckham, Dan, Plein, S, Rangeley, Jade, Saalmink, Gwen, Tan, Ai Lyn, Wade, Elaine, Whittam, Beverley, Window, Nicola, Woods, Janet, Coakley, G, Turtle, Lance, Allerton, Lisa, Allt, Ann Marie, Beadsworth, M, Berridge, Anthony, Brown, Jo, Cooper, Shirley, Cross, Andy, Defres, Sylviane, Dobson, S L, Earley, Joanne, French, N, Greenhalf, William, Hainey, Kera, Hardwick, Hayley, Hawkes, Jenny, Highett, Victoria, Kaprowska, Sabina, Key, Angela, Lavelle-Langham, Lara, Lewis-Burke, N, Madzamba, Gladys, Malein, Flora, Marsh, Sophie, Mears, Chloe, Melling, Lucy, Noonan, Matthew, Poll, L, Pratt, James, Richardson, Emma, Rowe, Anna, Semple, Calum, Shaw, Victoria, Tripp, K A, Wajero, Lilian, Williams-Howard, S A, Wootton, Dan, Wyles, J, Diwanji, Shalin, Gurram, Sambasivarao, Papineni, Padmasayee, Quaid, Sheena, Tiongson, Gerlynn, Watson, Ekaterina, Briggs, Andrew, Marks, Michael, Hastie, Claire, Rogers, Natalie, Smith, Nikki, Stensel, David, Bishop, Lettie, McIvor, Katherine, Rivera-Ortega, Pilar, Al-Sheklly, Bashar, Avram, Cristina, Blaikely, John, Buch, M, Choudhury, N, Faluyi, David, Felton, T, Gorsuch, T, Hanley, Neil, Horsley, Alex, Hussell, Tracy, Kausar, Zunaira, Odell, Natasha, Osbourne, Rebecca, Piper Hanley, Karen, Radhakrishnan, K, Stockdale, Sue, Kabir, Thomas, Scott, Janet, Stewart, Iain, Openshaw, Peter, Burn, David, Ayoub, A, Brown, J, Burns, G, Davies, Gareth, De Soyza, Anthony, Echevarria, Carlos, Fisher, Helen, Francis, C, Greenhalgh, Alan, Hogarth, Philip, Hughes, Joan, Jiwa, Kasim, Jones, G, MacGowan, G, Price, D, Sayer, Avan, Simpson, John, Tedd, H, Thomas, S, West, Sophie, Witham, M, Wright, S, Young, A, McMahon, Michael, Neill, Paula, Anderson, David, Basu, Neil, Bayes, Hannah, Brown, Ammani, Dougherty, Andrew, Fallon, K, Gilmour, L, Grieve, D, Mangion, K, Morrow, A, Sykes, R, Berry, Colin, McInnes, I B, Scott, Kathryn, Barrett, Fiona, Donaldson, A, Sage, Beth, Bell, Murdina, Brown, Angela, Hamil, R, Leitch, Karen, Macliver, L, Patel, Manish, Quigley, Jackie, Smith, Andrew, Welsh, B, Choudhury, Gaunab, Clohisey, S, Deans, Andrew, Docherty, Annemarie, Furniss, J, Harrison, Ewen, Kelly, S, Sheikh, Aziz, Chalmers, James, Connell, David, Deas, C, Elliott, Anne, George, J, Mohammed, S, Rowland, J, Solstice, AR, Sutherland, Debbie, Tee, Caroline, Bunker, Jenny, Gill, Rhyan, Nathu, Rashmita, Holmes, Katie, Adamali, H, Arnold, David, Barratt, Shaney, Dipper, A, Dunn, Sarah, Maskell, Nick, Morley, Anna, Morrison, Leigh, Stadon, Louise, Waterson, Samuel, Welch, H, Jayaraman, Bhagy, Light, Tessa, Vogiatzis, Ioannis, Almeida, Paula, Bolton, Charlotte, Hosseini, Akram, Matthews, Laura, Needham, Robert, Shaw, Karen, Thomas, Andrew, Bonnington, J, Chrystal, Melanie, Dupont, Catherine, Greenhaff, Paul, Gupta, Ayushman, Jang, W, Linford, S, Nikolaidis, Athanasios, Prosper, Sabrina, Burns, A, Kanellakis, N, Ferreira, V, Nikolaidou, C, Xie, C, Ainsworth, Mark, Alamoudi, Asma, Bloss, Angela, Carter, Penny, Cassar, M, Chen, Jin, Conneh, Florence, Dong, T, Evans, Ranuromanana, Fraser, Emily, Geddes, John, Gleeson, F, Harrison, Paul, Havinden-Williams, May, Ho, Ling Pei, Jezzard, P, Koychev, Ivan, Kurupati, Prathiba, McShane, H, Megson, Clare, Neubauer, Stefan, Nicoll, Debby, Ogg, G, Pacpaco, Edmund, Pavlides, M, Peng, Yanchun, Petousi, Nayia, Pimm, John, Rahman, Najib, Raman, Betty, Rowland, M J, Saunders, Kathryn, Sharpe, Michael, Talbot, Nick, Tunnicliffe, E M, Korszun, Ania, Kerr, Steven, Barker, R E, Cristiano, Daniele, Dormand, N, George, P, Gummadi, Mahitha, Kon, S, Liyanage, Kamal, Nolan, C M, Patel, B, Patel, Suhani, Polgar, Oliver, Shah, P, Singh, Suver, Walsh, J A, Gibbons, Michael, Ahmad, Shanaz, Brill, Simon, Hurst, John, Jarvis, Hannah, Lim, Lai, Mandal, S, Matila, Darwin, Olaosebikan, Olaoluwa, Singh, Claire, Laing, C, Baxendale, Helen, Garner, Lucie, Johnson, C, Mackie, J, Michael, Alice, Newman, J, Pack, Jamie, Paques, K, Parfrey, H, Parmar, J, Reddy, A, Halling-Brown, Mark, Dark, P, Diar-Bakerly, Nawar, Evans, D, Hardy, E, Harvey, Alice, Holgate, D, Knight, Sean, Mairs, N, Majeed, N, McMorrow, L, Oxton, J, Pendlebury, Jessica, Summersgill, C, Ugwuoke, R, Whittaker, S, Matimba-Mupaya, Wadzanai, Strong-Sheldrake, Sophia, Chowienczyk, Phillip, Bagshaw, J, Begum, M, Birchall, K, Butcher, Robyn, Carborn, H, Chan, Flora, Chapman, Kerry, Cheng, Yutung, Chetham, Luke, Clark, Cameron, Coburn, Zach, Cole, Joby, Dixon, Myles, Fairman, Alexandra, Finnigan, J, Foot, H, Foote, David, Ford, Amber, Gregory, Rebecca, Harrington, Kate, Haslam, L, Hesselden, L, Hockridge, J, Holbourn, Ailsa, Holroyd-Hind, B, Holt, L, Howell, Alice, Hurditch, E, Ilyas, F, Jarman, Claire, Lawrie, Allan, Lee, Ju Hee, Lee, Elvina, Lenagh, Rebecca, Lye, Alison, Macharia, Irene, Marshall, M, Mbuyisa, Angeline, McNeill, J, Megson, Sharon, Meiring, J, Milner, L, Misra, S, Newell, Helen, Newman, Tom, Norman, C, Nwafor, Lorenza, Pattenadk, Dibya, Plowright, Megan, Porter, Julie, Ravencroft, Phillip, Roddis, C, Rodger, J, Rowland-Jones, Sarah, Saunders, Peter, Sidebottom, J, Smith, Jacqui, Smith, Laurie, Steele, N, Stephens, G, Stimpson, R, Thamu, B, Thompson, A. A. Roger, Tinker, N, Turner, Kim, Turton, Helena, Wade, Phillip, Walker, S, Watson, James, Wilson, Imogen, Zawia, Amira, Allsop, Lynne, Bennett, Kaytie, Buckley, Phil, Flynn, Margaret, Gill, Mandy, Goodwin, Camelia, Greatorex, M, Gregory, Heidi, Heeley, Cheryl, Holloway, Leah, Holmes, Megan, Hutchinson, John, Kirk, Jill, Lovegrove, Wayne, Sewell, Terri Ann, Shelton, Sarah, Sissons, D, Slack, Katie, Smith, Susan, Sowter, D, Turner, Sarah, Whitworth, V, Wynter, Inez, Tomlinson, Johanne, Warburton, Louise, Painter, Sharon, Palmer, Sue, Redwood, Dawn, Tilley, Jo, Vickers, Carinna, Wainwright, Tania, Breen, G, Hotopf, M, Aul, Raminder, Forton, D, Ali, Mariam, Dunleavy, A, Mencias, Mark, Msimanga, N, Samakomva, T, Siddique, Sulman, Tavoukjian, Vera, Teixeira, J, Ahmed, Rubina, Francis, Richard, Connor, Lynda, Cook, Amanda, Davies, Gwyneth, Rees, Tabitha, Thaivalappil, Favas, Thomas, Caradog, McNarry, M, Williams, N, Lewis, Keir, Coulding, Martina, Jones, Heather, Kilroy, Susan, McCormick, Jacqueline, McIntosh, Jerome, Turner, Victoria, Vere, Joanne, Butt, Al-Tahoor, Savill, Heather, Kon, Samantha, Landers, G, Lota, Harpreet, Portukhay, Sofiya, Nasseri, Mariam, Daniels, Alison, Hormis, Anil, Ingham, Julie, Zeidan, Lisa, Chablani, Manish, Osborne, Lynn, Aslani, Shahab, Banerjee, Amita, Batterham, R, Baxter, Gabrielle, Bell, Robert, David, Anthony, Denneny, Emma, Hughes, Alun, Lilaonitkul, W, Mehta, P, Pakzad, Ashkan, Rangelov, Bojidar, Williams, B, Willoughby, James, Xu, Moucheng, Ahwireng, Nyarko, Bang, Dongchun, Basire, Donna, Brown, Jeremy, Chambers, Rachel, Checkley, A, Evans, R, Heightman, M, Hillman, T, Jacob, Joseph, Jastrub, Roman, Lipman, M, Logan, S, Lomas, D, Merida Morillas, Marta, Plant, Hannah, Porter, Joanna, Roy, K, Wall, E, Treibel, T, Ahmad Haider, N, Atkin, Catherine, Baggott, Rhiannon, Bates, Michelle, Botkai, A, Casey, Anna, Cooper, B, Dasgin, Joanne, Dawson, Camilla, Draxlbauer, Katharine, Gautam, N, Hazeldine, J, Hiwot, T, Holden, Sophie, Isaacs, Karen, Jackson, T, Kamwa, Vicky, Lewis, D, Lord, Janet, Madathil, S, McGee, C, Mcgee, K, Neal, Aoife, Newton-Cox, Alex, Nyaboko, Joseph, Parekh, Dhruv, Peterkin, Z, Qureshi, H, Ratcliffe, Liz, Sapey, Elizabeth, Short, J, Soulsby, Tracy, Stockley, J, Suleiman, Zehra, Thompson, Tamika, Ventura, Maximina, Walder, Sinead, Welch, Carly, Wilson, Daisy, Yasmin, S, Yip, Kay Por, Chaudhuri, N, Childs, Caroline, Djukanovic, R, Fletcher, S, Harvey, Matt, Jones, Mark, Marouzet, Elizabeth, Marshall, B, Samuel, Reena, Sass, T, Wallis, Tim, Wheeler, Helen, Steeds, R, Beckett, Paul, Dickens, Caroline, Nanda, Uttam, Aljaroof, M, Armstrong, Natalie, Arnold, H, Aung, Hnin, Bakali, Majda, Bakau, M, Baldry, E, Baldwin, Molly, Bourne, Charlotte, Bourne, Michelle, Brightling, Chris, Brunskill, Nigel, Cairns, P, Carr, Liesel, Charalambou, Amanda, Christie, C, Davies, Melanie, Daynes, Enya, Diver, Sarah, Dowling, Rachael, Edwards, Sarah, Edwardson, C, Elneima, Omer, Evans, H, Evans, Rachael, Finch, J, Glover, Sarah, Goodman, Nicola, Gooptu, Bibek, Greening, Neil, Hadley, Kate, Haldar, Pranab, Hargadon, Beverley, Harris, Victoria, Houchen-Wolloff, Linzy, Ibrahim, W, Ingram, L, Khunti, Kamlesh, Lea, A, Lee, D, McAuley, Hamish, McCann, Gerry, McCourt, P, Mcnally, Teresa, Mills, George, Monteiro, Will, Pareek, Manish, Parker, S, Prickett, Anne, Qureshi, I N, Rowland, A, Russell, Richard, Sereno, Marco, Shikotra, Aarti, Siddiqui, Salman, Singapuri, Ananga, Singh, Sally, Skeemer, J, Soares, M, Stringer, E, Thornton, T, Tobin, Martin, Ward, T J C, Woodhead, F, Yates, Tom, Yousuf, A J, Broome, Mattew, McArdle, Paul, Thickett, David, Upthegrove, Rachel, Wilkinson, Dan, Moss, Paul, Wraith, David, Evans, Jonathon, Bullmore, Ed, Heeney, Jonathon, Langenberg, Claudia, Schwaeble, William, Summers, Charlotte, Weir McCall, J, Adeloye, Davies, Newby, D E, Pius, Riinu, Rudan, Igor, Shankar-Hari, Manu, Sudlow, Catherine, Thorpe, Mat, Walmsley, Sarah, Zheng, Bang, Allan, Louise, Ballard, Clive, McGovern, Andrew, Dennis, J, Cavanagh, Jonathon, MacDonald, S, O'Donnell, Kate, Petrie, John, Sattar, Naveed, Spears, Mark, Guthrie, Elspeth, Henderson, Max, Allen, Richard, Bingham, Michelle, Brugha, Terry, Finney, Selina, Free, Rob, Jones, Don, Lawson, Claire, Lucy, Gardiner, Moss, Alistair, Mukaetova-Ladinska, Elizabeta, Novotny, Petr, Overton, Charlotte, Pearl, John, Plekhanova, Tatiana, Richardson, M, Samani, Nilesh, Sargant, Jack, Sharma, M, Steiner, Mike, Taylor, Chris, Terry, Sarah, Tong, C, Turner, E, Wormleighton, J, Zhao, Bang, Ntotsis, Kimon, Saunders, Ruth, Lozano-Rojas, Daniel, Goemans, Anne, Cuthbertson, D, Kemp, G, McArdle, Anne, Michael, Benedict, Reynolds, Will, Spencer, Lisa, Vinson, Ben, Ashworth, M, Abel, Kathryn, Chinoy, H, Deakin, Bill, Harvie, M, Miller, C A, Stanel, Stefan, Barran, Perdita, Trivedi, Drupad, McAllister-Williams, Hamish, Paddick, Stella-Maria, Rostron, Anthony, Taylor, John Paul, Baguley, David, Coleman, Chris, Cox, E, Fabbri, Laura, Francis, Susan, Hall, Ian, Hufton, E, Johnson, Simon, Khan, Fasih, Kitterick, Paaig, Morriss, Richard, Selby, Nick, Wright, Louise, Antoniades, Charalambos, Bates, A, Beggs, M, Bhui, Kamaldeep, Breeze, Katie, Channon, K M, Clark, David, Fu, X, Husain, Masud, Li, X, Lukaschuk, E, McCracken, Celeste, McGlynn, K, Menke, R, Motohashi, K, Nichols, T E, Ogbole, Godwin, Piechnik, S, Propescu, I, Propescu, J, Samat, A A, Sanders, Z B, Sigfrid, Louise, Webster, M, Kingham, Lucy, Klenerman, Paul, Lamlum, Hanan, Taquet, Maxime, Carson, G, Finnigan, L, Saunders, Laura, Wild, James, Calder, P C, Huneke, Nathan, Simons, Gemma, Baldwin, David, Bain, Steve, Daines, Luke, Bright, E, Crisp, P, Dharmagunawardena, Ruvini, Stern, M, Bailey, Elisabeth, Reddington, Anne, Wight, Andrew, Ashish, A, Cooper, Josh, Robinson, Emma, Broadley, Andrew, Barman, Laura, Brookes, Claire, Elliott, K, Griffiths, L, Guy, Zoe, Howard, Kate, Ionita, Diana, Redfearn, Heidi, Sarginson, Carol, Turnbull, Alison, Skorniewska, Zuzanna, De Deyn, Thomas, Hampshire, Adam, Trender, William R, Hellyer, Peter J, Chalmers, James D, Ho, Ling-Pei, Leavy, Olivia C, Richardson, Matthew, McAuley, Hamish J C, Singapuri, Amisha, Saunders, Ruth M, Harris, Victoria C, Greening, Neil J, Mansoori, Parisa, Harrison, Ewen M, Docherty, Annemarie B, Lone, Nazir I, Quint, Jennifer, Brightling, Christopher E, Wain, Louise V, Evans, Rachael A, Geddes, John R, and Harrison, Paul J

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2024
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30. Measurements of particulate methanesulfonic acid above the remote Arctic Ocean using a high resolution aerosol mass spectrometer

Author

Zhang, Yangmei, Sun, Junying, Shen, Xiaojing, Lal Chandani, Vipul, Du, Mao, Song, Congbo, Dai, Yuqing, Hu, Guoyuan, Yang, Mingxi, Tilstone, Gavin H., Jordan, Tom, Dall’Olmo, Giorgio, Liu, Quan, Nemitz, Eiko, Callaghan, Anna, Brean, James, Sommariva, Roberto, Beddows, David, Langford, Ben, Bloss, William, Acton, William, Harrison, Roy, Dall’Osto, Manuel, and Shi, Zongbo

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2024
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34. Impaired islet function and normal exocrine enzyme secretion occur with low inter-regional variation in type 1 diabetes

Author

Denise M. Drotar, Ana Karen Mojica-Avila, Drew T. Bloss, Christian M. Cohrs, Cameron T. Manson, Amanda L. Posgai, MacKenzie D. Williams, Maigan A. Brusko, Edward A. Phelps, Clive H. Wasserfall, Stephan Speier, and Mark A. Atkinson

Subjects
CP: Metabolism, CP: Immunology, Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract

Summary: Histopathological heterogeneity in the human pancreas is well documented; however, functional evidence at the tissue level is scarce. Herein, we investigate in situ glucose-stimulated islet and carbachol-stimulated acinar cell secretion across the pancreas head (PH), body (PB), and tail (PT) regions in donors without diabetes (ND; n = 15), positive for one islet autoantibody (1AAb+; n = 7), and with type 1 diabetes (T1D;

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2024
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35. Characteristics, risk factors, and outcomes related to Zika virus infection during pregnancy in Northeastern Thailand: A prospective pregnancy cohort study, 2018-2020.

Author

Jurai Wongsawat, Somsak Thamthitiwat, Victoria J Hicks, Sumonmal Uttayamakul, Phanthaneeya Teepruksa, Pongpun Sawatwong, Beth Skaggs, Philip A Mock, John R MacArthur, Inthira Suya, Patranuch Sapchookul, Paul Kitsutani, Terrence Q Lo, Apichart Vachiraphan, Ekachai Kovavisarach, Chulwoo Rhee, Pamorn Darun, Kamol Saepueng, Chamnan Waisaen, Doungporn Jampan, Pravit Sriboonrat, Buncha Palanuwong, Punchawee Sukbut, Darin Areechokchai, Chakrarat Pittayawonganon, Sopon Iamsirithaworn, Emily Bloss, and Carol Y Rao

Subjects
Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine, RC955-962, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract

BackgroundIn response to the 2015-2016 Zika virus (ZIKV) outbreak and the causal relationship established between maternal ZIKV infection and adverse infant outcomes, we conducted a cohort study to estimate the incidence of ZIKV infection in pregnancy and assess its impacts in women and infants.Methodology/principal findingsFrom May 2018-January 2020, we prospectively followed pregnant women recruited from 134 participating hospitals in two non-adjacent provinces in northeastern Thailand. We collected demographic, clinical, and epidemiologic data and blood and urine at routine antenatal care visits until delivery. ZIKV infections were confirmed by real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR). Specimens with confirmed ZIKV underwent whole genome sequencing. Among 3,312 women enrolled, 12 (0.36%) had ZIKV infections, of which two (17%) were detected at enrollment. Ten (83%, 3 in 2nd and 7 in 3rd trimester) ZIKV infections were detected during study follow-up, resulting in an infection rate of 0.15 per 1,000 person-weeks (95% CI: 0.07-0.28). The majority (11/12, 91.7%) of infections occurred in one province. Persistent ZIKV viremia (42 days) was found in only one woman. Six women with confirmed ZIKV infections were asymptomatic until delivery. Sequencing of 8 ZIKV isolates revealed all were of Asian lineage. All 12 ZIKV infected women gave birth to live, full-term infants; the only observed adverse birth outcome was low birth weight in one (8%) infant. Pregnancies in 3,300 ZIKV-rRT-PCR-negative women were complicated by 101 (3%) fetal deaths, of which 67 (66%) had miscarriages and 34 (34%) had stillbirths. There were no differences between adverse fetal or birth outcomes of live infants born to ZIKV-rRT-PCR-positive mothers compared to live infants born to ZIKV-rRT-PCR-negative mothers.Conclusions/significanceConfirmed ZIKV infections occurred infrequently in this large pregnancy cohort and observed adverse maternal and birth outcomes did not differ between mothers with and without confirmed infections.

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2024
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36. A new methodological approach to characterize selective motor control in children with cerebral palsy

Author

Valentina Graci, Mitchel O’Neill, Meredith Bloss, Rahul Akkem, Athylia C. Paremski, Ozell Sanders, and Laura A. Prosser

Subjects
electromyography, coactivation, synergy, mirror, overflow, gross motor function, Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, RC321-571
Abstract

IntroductionDespite being a primary impairment in individuals with cerebral palsy (CP), selective motor control (SMC) is not routinely measured. Personalized treatment approaches in CP will be unattainable without the ability to precisely characterize the types and degrees of impairments in motor control. The objective of this study is to report the development and feasibility of a new methodological approach measuring muscle activation patterns during single-joint tasks to characterize obligatory muscle co-activation patterns that may underly impaired SMC.MethodsMuscle activation patterns were recorded during sub-maximal voluntary isometric contraction (sub-MVIC) tasks at the hip, knee, and ankle with an interactive feedback game to standardize effort across participants. We calculated indices of co-activation, synergistic movement, mirror movement, and overflow (indices range 0–2, greater scores equal to greater impairment in SMC) for each isolated joint task in 15 children – 8 with typical development (TD) (mean age 4.7 ± 1.0 SD years) and 7 with CP (mean age 5.8 ± 0.7 SD years). Indices were compared with Mann–Whitney tests. The relationships between the indices and gross motor function (GMFM-66) were examined with Pearson’s r.ResultsMean indices were higher in the CP vs. the TD group for each of the six tasks, with mean differences ranging from 0.05 (abduction and plantarflexion) to 0.44 (dorsiflexion). There was great inter-subject variability in the CP group such that significant group differences were detected for knee flexion mirroring (p = 0.029), dorsiflexion coactivation (p = 0.021), and dorsiflexion overflow (p = 0.014). Significant negative linear relations to gross motor function were found in all four indices for knee extension (r = −0.56 to −0.75), three of the indices for ankle dorsiflexion (r = −0.68 to −0.78) and in two of the indices for knee flexion (r = −0.66 to −0.67), and ankle plantarflexion (r = −0.53 to −0.60).DiscussionIndices of coactivation, mirror movement, synergy, and overflow during single-joint lower limb tasks may quantify the type and degree of impairment in SMC. Preliminary concurrent validity between several of the indices of SMC and gross motor function was observed. Our findings established the feasibility of a new methodological approach that quantifies muscle activation patterns using electromyography paired with biofeedback during single-joint movement.

Published
2024
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37. Long COVID and cardiovascular disease: a prospective cohort study

Author

Amitava Banerjee, Jennifer Kathleen Quint, Linzy Houchen-Wolloff, S Thomas, Kamlesh Khunti, Naveed Sattar, J Breeze, Michael Marks, S Johnson, D Smith, C Wright, Colin Berry, Matthew Richardson, Ling-Pei Ho, C Tong, Amisha Singapuri, J Chen, Gerry P McCann, J Cole, X Li, J Greenwood, S Plein, A Brown, J Smith, J Brown, M Brown, J Lewis, A Young, Nicholas L Mills, A Banerjee, R Hughes, C King, L Osborne, S Jones, A Wilson, R Francis, Stefan Neubauer, D Wilkinson, P Marino, N Hart, G Kaltsakas, Alastair James Moss, Betty Raman, John Greenwood, F Khan, J Martin, S Smith, A Casey, A Sheikh, P Carter, T Thompson, B Patel, N Rahman, C Coleman, N Smith, B Williams, K Turner, D Lee, S Barratt, J Williams, L Jones, A Smith, A Gupta, R Reddy, S White, N Williams, A Michael, V Turner, H Evans, L Hall, C Lawson, J Hughes, H Gordon, C Dawson, A Ford, J Simpson, C Bloomfield, E Lee, A Taylor, D Anderson, J Clarke, S Turner, K Shaw, P Shah, S Misra, J Evans, H Jones, M Ali, A Arias, C Dupont, A Harvey, J Wormleighton, A Reed, L Pearce, P Harrison, M Marks, K Shah, J Cooper, C Berry, C David, J Parmar, R Ahmed, P Almeida, M Holland, L Lim, J Mitchell, K Bennett, S Walker, S Ahmad, M Begum, B Young, L Wright, M Holmes, N Sattar, D Clark, Ewen Harrison, M Sharma, J Teixeira, S Patel, D Thomas, I B McInnes, Nazir I Lone, D Grieve, D Griffin, S Siddiqui, E Turner, K McGlynn, C Mills, N Mohamed, A Hosseini, S Knight, K Samuel, L Smith, Chris Brightling, B Guillen-Guio, A Dewar, C Bourne, SJ Singh, RA Evans, I Vogiatzis, D Parekh, S Mandal, H Adamali, M Heightman, P Rivera-Ortega, S Stanel, N Chaudhuri, Y Cheng, L Bishop, F Gleeson, S Janes, D Baldwin, D Arnold, N Maskell, T Nicholson, L Howard, M Toshner, M Steiner, A Price, D Price, M Lipman, A Shaw, J Busby, M Patel, L McGarvey, R Evans, S West, N Petousi, D Thickett, T Gorsuch, J Fuld, P Cullinan, L Houchen-Wolloff, R Free, E Daynes, A De Soyza, E Harris, H Parfrey, F Woodhead, L Watson, K Jiwa, G Davies, G Jones, J Hurst, M Spears, J Finch, A Dipper, C Echevarria, G Jenkins, I Stewart, E Sapey, N Talbot, B Gooptu, M Richardson, P Greenhaff, K Roy, S Holden, R Russell, M Gibbons, A Morley, J Porter, R Djukanovic, V Lewis, T Shaw, Jayanth Ranjit Arnold, K Elliott, S Young, A David, C Armour, S Edwards, H Henson, P Atkin, A Daniels, L Zeidan, M Broome, M Gill, A Broadley, L Matthews, H Redfearn, S Kelly, C Thomas, D Evans, Z Omar, E Perkins, Annemarie B Docherty, J George, S Wessely, R Upthegrove, L Lavelle-Langham, D Bell, James Chalmers, Alun D Hughes, Victoria Harris, B Cooper, S Byrne, P Moss, C Singh, S Painter, A McMahon, M Ainsworth, K Scott, G Mills, C Carr, D Jones, D Faluyi, S Kerr, A Richards, S Parker, P Dark, T Jackson, L Carr, C Taylor, E Watson, C Vickers, L Armstrong, B Hairsine, L Allsop, L Stephenson, E Beranova, M Bates, C McGhee, M Harvey, A Cook, S Dunn, I Wynter, H Tench, R Loosley, J Featherstone, L Bailey, D Wilson, N Gautam, A Burns, Neil J Greening, B Card, N Powell, T Craig, L Daines, CM Nolan, RE Barker, JA Walsh, O Polgar, S Diver, J Quint, A Dunleavy, C Avram, C Francis, R Aul, J Rossdale, G Burns, H Tedd, T Felton, L Morrison, C Xie, D Menzies, A Haggar, S Marciniak, S Francis, T Dong, H Jarvis, S Brill, A Martineau, F Liew, P Haldar, C Price, A Butt, T Kabir, N Armstrong, P Beirne, E Cox, W Storrar, P Beckett, W Ibrahim, S Cooper, D Lewis, E Robinson, L Allan, C Antoniades, J T Scott, K Radhakrishnan, N Bishop, J Taylor, J Kirk, C Heeley, M Hewitt, J Watson, J Hutchinson, L Finnigan, D Lomas, S Macdonald, H Chinoy, A Ross, A Mohamed, M Soares, C Oliver, A Lucey, N Simpson, N Basu, S Logan, M J Davies, P C Calder, L Griffiths, K Davies, J McNeill, X Fu, P Cairns, F Davies, M Xu, J Quigley, A Ramos, R Stone, K Roberts, A Prabhu, L Robinson, C Wood, M Baldwin, S Wright, M G Jones, K Saunders, C O’Brien, N Rogers, S Heller, K Chapman, C O'Brien, J M Wild, A L Tan, J McCormick, C Childs, C Coupland, M Buch, J Dennis, G Baxter, H Welch, A D Hughes, M J McMahon, A Howell, J Kwan, A Rowland, A Ashworth, S Walsh, J Owen, I Jones, E McIvor, D Connell, R Thwaites, A McGovern, J Petrie, G Arbane, R Butcher, C Brookes, K Khunti, T Yates, P Chowienczyk, M Witham, M Stern, M Marshall, S Payne, L S Howard, J Woods, A Hormis, C Johnson, J Jacob, P McArdle, T Chalder, K Holmes, M Sharpe, D Stensel, T Peto, F Chan, H Ramos, C E Bolton, J-H Lee, P Mehta, M Ashworth, M Dalton, A Lloyd, L Austin, C Sampson, S Palmer, P Klenerman, K Howard, I Rudan, A McQueen, K Fallon, Catherine Bagot, M Webster, E Davies, S Jose, A McArdle, D Johnston, H Fisher, C Lynch, T Hardy, S Mohammed, V C Harris, B Elliott, G Coakley, J Stockley, S Barrett, E Guthrie, Y Peng, M Ventura, N Selby, A Briggs, G Stephens, E Richardson, K Bhui, J McIntosh, K Lewis, N French, H Qureshi, M Henderson, A Elliott, N I Lone, C Clark, K Ismail, C Summers, S Fletcher, J Rowland, M Hotopf, A Korszun, S Shashaa, H Gregory, P Daly, E Robertson, J S Brown, A Bates, P Saunders, B Marshall, A Cross, A Donaldson, B Zhao, H Lamlum, I Wilson, P Buckley, J Dawson, S Glover, C Christie, B Connolly, M Parkes, L Holloway, B King, F Speranza, M Haynes, T Rees, I Cruz, T McNally, G Ross, G Carson, M Dixon, H Arnold, P M George, K Harrington, M Rees, R Morriss, C Dickens, C Laing, E Hardy, L P Ho, P Chowdhury, M Roy, J Glossop, J Pratt, R A Evans, P Wade, Rachael Evans, S Defres, J Short, S Neubauer, R Batterham, E Wall, T Newman, G J Kemp, J R Geddes, E Russell, C Langenberg, N A Hanley, R Samuel, S Haq, D Trivedi, J Willoughby, E Stringer, S Marsh, K Bramham, L Lightstone, A Hancock, S Shelton, J P Greenwood, N Brunskill, K Munro, T Soulsby, U Nanda, A Ashish, K Liyanage, L Holt, E R Chilvers, D E Newby, L Ingram, A Bolger, J Tomlinson, C Ballard, A Humphries, V Brown, C Sharpe, D Forton, P Kar, R Gregory, D Redwood, R Steeds, K Mangion, A Chiribiri, L Ratcliffe, G P McCann, K M Channon, A M Shah, N L Mills, A Lawrie, A Greenhalgh, K O’Donnell, T Evans, K Drury, D Sutherland, A A R Thompson, J K Baillie, K Hancock, M Hoare, J Valabhji, V Shaw, K SLACK, N M Rahman, C J Jolley, S J SINGH, J D Chalmers, C E Brightling, L G Heaney, D F McAuley, D Peckham, R C Chambers, R G Jenkins, P J M Openshaw, P Neill, H Wheeler, A Moss, C Overton, D Altmann, Alex Horsley, J Blaikley, M Ostermann, L G Spencer, A Horsley, A Singapuri, B Hargadon, K E Lewis, I Jarrold, A Shikotra, S Terry, S S Kon, M Pareek, G Choudhury, W Monteiro, M Bourne, D Nicoll, A Morrow, L Roche, D G Wootton, E K Sage, N J Greening, J Hazeldine, J M Lord, A Zawia, WDC Man, D C Thomas, H Baxendale, J Rodger, D Saralaya, T Hussell, A Lea, M McNarry, B Al-Sheklly, S Thackray-Nocera, T Thornton, J Skeemer, S Greenwood, E Fraser, L Stadon, N Kanellakis, N Magee, S Kon, A Hayday, A J Moss, A Yousuf, N Lewis-Burke, S Finney, T Hillman, H McShane, C Pennington, L Gardiner, R Dharmagunawardena, G MacGowan, L Fabbri, C Subbe, L Burden, P Jezzard, N Samani, C Manisty, P Novotny, D J Cuthbertson, G A Davies, M G Semple, J Murira, W Greenhalf, A Hoare, Louise V Wain, L V Wain, I Hall, G Willis, O Adeyemi, H McGuinness, F Thaivalappil, M Babores, B Michael, D Burn, B Zheng, M Husain, J Hawkes, N Goodman, L Broad, L Turtle, R Gill, J Haworth, J Cavanagh, S Piechnik, C A Miller, S Whittaker, C Ribeiro, R Touyz, P L Molyneaux, J C Porter, R Solly, A Dougherty, E Bullmore, A Sayer, C Kurasz, S Walmsley, D Southern, K Brindle, T Wallis, L O’Brien, S Madathil, A Wight, B Jayaraman, M Flynn, A Checkley, M Plowright, E Major, K Isaacs, M Pavlides, W Schwaeble, E M Harrison, A Ayoub, N Stroud, E Lukaschuk, D P O'Regan, E Wade, V M Ferreira, R I Evans, S Siddique, A Lingford-Hughes, C Nicolaou, B Deakin, H Dobson, A Layton, C Atkin, R Flockton, I Peralta, T Brugha, C Pariante, C Welch, A Frankel, M Tobin, S Fairbairn, A Rowe, A K Thomas, R Sykes, F Barrett, H Atkins, C Norman, L Milner, K Abel, P Crisp, C Nolan, J Mackie, Marco Sereno, Krisnah Poinasamy, S Gurram, G Saalmink, H Bayes, H Aung, P Pfeffer, H Nassa, W McCormick, Claire Alexandra Lawson, R J Allen, Omer Elneima, J Hockridge, B Raman, A Fairman, H Turton, N Majeed, J Bonnington, M Bakali, M Shankar-Hari, L Holdsworth, A Buttress, R Sabit, A Rostron, K Piper Hanley, Olivia C Leavy, Aarti Shikotra, D Wraith, J P Taylor, A Alamoudi, O Elneima, E Denneny, L Saunders, J Earley, M Ralser, O Kon, D Basire, G Simons, Hamish JC McAuley, Ruth Saunders, K Poinasamy, R Dowling, C Edwardson, L Houchen--Wolloff, O C Leavy, H J C McAuley, T Plekhanova, R M Saunders, M Sereno, Y Ellis, H E Hardwick, W Reynolds, B Venson, A B Docherty, D Lozano-Rojas, K Ntotsis, R Pius, M Halling-Brown, S Aslani, M Beggs, M P Cassar, C McCracken, R Menke, T E Nichols, C Nikolaidou, G Ogbole, B Rangelov, D P O’Regan, A Pakzad, I Propescu, A A Samat, Z B Sanders, T Treibel, E M Tunnicliffe, J Weir McCall, I Koychev, J Pearl, D Adeloye, D Baguley, G Breen, K Breeze, F Callard, N Huneke, P Kitterick, P Mansoori, H McAllister-Williams, K McIvor, L Milligan, E Mukaetova-Ladinska, A Nevado-Holgado, S Paddick, J Pimm, S Amoils, A Bularga, A N Sattar, C L Sudlow, C M Efstathiou, J L Heeney, S L Rowland-Jones, R S Thwaites, M J Rowland, E Hufton, J E Pearl, L C Saunders, S Bain, Man W D-C, E Baldry, M Beadsworth, M Harvie, J Sargent Pimm, L Sigfrid, J Whitney, S McAdoo, K McCafferty, M Willicombe, J Bunker, C Hastie, R Nathu, L Shenton, A Dell, N Hawkings, G Mallison, A Storrie, K Chong-James, W Y James, O Zongo, A Sanderson, S Drain, D McAulay, J McGinness, R Manley, W Saxon, V Whitehead, H El-Taweel, L Brear, K Regan, K Storton, A Bermperi, K Dempsey, A Elmer, J Worsley, L Knibbs, K Paradowski, C Evenden, T Thomas-Woods, J Bradley-Potts, N Keenan, H Wassall, H Weston, T Cosier, J Deery, T Hazelton, S Turney, S Pugmire, W Stoker, LA Aguilar Jimenez, S Betts, K Bisnauthsing, H Kerslake, MM Magtoto, LM Martinez, TS Solano, E Wynn, M Alvarez Corral, E Bevan, C Wrey Brown, T Burdett, N Easom, M G Crooks, D L Sykes, S Coetzee, J Phipps, R Wolf-Roberts, S Anifowose, E Calvelo, D Copeland, L Evison, T Fayzan, K March, M Mariveles, L McLeavey, S Moriera, U Munawar, J Nunag, U Nwanguma, L Orriss- Dib, J Schronce, L Tarusan, N Yasmin, A-M Guerdette, K Warwick, R Adrego, H Assefa-Kebede, P Dulawan, A Knighton, M Malim, S Patale, K Shevket, A Te, C Favager, J Rangeley, B Whittam, N Window, L Allerton, AM All, A Berridge, S L Dobson, K Hainey, V Highett, S Kaprowska, AL Key, S Koprowska, G Madzamba, F Malein, C Mears, L Melling, M J Noonan, L Poll, K A Tripp, B Vinson, L O Wajero, S A Williams-Howard, J Wyles, S N Diwanji, P Papineni, S Quaid, G F Tiongson, P Barran, J Blaikely, N Choudhury, Z Kausar, N Odell, R Osbourne, S Stockdale, P Hogarth, L Gilmour, R Hamil, K Leitch, L Macliver, B Welsh, S Clohisey, A Deans, J Furniss, C Deas, A R Solstice, C J Tee, S Waterson, T Light, M Chrystal, W Jang, S Linford, R Needham, A Nikolaidis, S Prosper, A Bloss, M Cassar, F Conneh, M Havinden-Williams, P Kurupati, C Megson, K Motohashi, G Ogg, E Pacpaco, J Propescu, E Tunnicliffe, D Cristiano, N Dormand, M Gummadi, D Matila, O Olaosebikan, L Garner, J Pack, K Paques, NDiar Bakerly, D Holgate, N Mairs, L McMorrow, J Oxton, J Pendlebury, C Summersgill, R Ugwuoke, W Matimba-Mupaya, S Strong-Sheldrake, J Bagshaw, K Birchall, H Carborn, L Chetham, Z Coburn, J Finnigan, H Foot, D Foote, L Haslam, L Hesselden, A Holbourn, B Holroyd- Hind, E Hurditch, F Ilyas, C Jarman, R Lenagh, A Lye, I Macharia, A Mbuyisa, S Megson, J Meiring, H Newell, L Nwafor, D Pattenadk, P Ravencroft, C Roddis, J Sidebottom, N Steele, R Stimpson, B Thamu, N Tinker, N Msimanga, M Mencias, T Samakomva, V Tavoukjian, C Goodwin, M Greatorex, W Lovegrove, TA Sewell, D Sissons, D Sowter, V Whitworth, L Warburton, T Wainwright, J Tilley, L Connor, M Coulding, S Kilroy, H Savill, J Vere, E Fraile, J Ugoji, H Lota, G Landers, M Nasseri, S Portukhay, J Ingham, M Chablani, N Ahwireng, B Bang, R Jastrub, M Merida Morillas, H Plant, N Ahmad Haider, R Baggott, A Botkai, J Dasgin, K Draxlbauer, T Hiwot, V Kamwa, K Mcgee, A Neal, A Newton Cox, J Nyaboko, Z Peterkin, Z Suleiman, S Walder, S Yasmin, K P Yip, M Aljaroof, M Bakau, M Bingham, A Charalambou, B Gootpu, K Hadley, P McCourt, A Prickett, I N Qureshi, T J C Ward, E Marouzet, T Sass, E Bright, A Reddington, L Barman, Z Guy, and D Ionita

Subjects
Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system, RC666-701
Abstract

Background Pre-existing cardiovascular disease (CVD) or cardiovascular risk factors have been associated with an increased risk of complications following hospitalisation with COVID-19, but their impact on the rate of recovery following discharge is not known.Objectives To determine whether the rate of patient-perceived recovery following hospitalisation with COVID-19 was affected by the presence of CVD or cardiovascular risk factors.Methods In a multicentre prospective cohort study, patients were recruited following discharge from the hospital with COVID-19 undertaking two comprehensive assessments at 5 months and 12 months. Patients were stratified by the presence of either CVD or cardiovascular risk factors prior to hospitalisation with COVID-19 and compared with controls with neither. Full recovery was determined by the response to a patient-perceived evaluation of full recovery from COVID-19 in the context of physical, physiological and cognitive determinants of health.Results From a total population of 2545 patients (38.8% women), 472 (18.5%) and 1355 (53.2%) had CVD or cardiovascular risk factors, respectively. Compared with controls (n=718), patients with CVD and cardiovascular risk factors were older and more likely to have had severe COVID-19. Full recovery was significantly lower at 12 months in patients with CVD (adjusted OR (aOR) 0.62, 95% CI 0.43 to 0.89) and cardiovascular risk factors (aOR 0.66, 95% CI 0.50 to 0.86).Conclusion Patients with CVD or cardiovascular risk factors had a delayed recovery at 12 months following hospitalisation with COVID-19. Targeted interventions to reduce the impact of COVID-19 in patients with cardiovascular disease remain an unmet need.Trail registration number ISRCTN10980107.

Published
2024
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38. Underdiagnosis in clinical documentation of community-acquired sepsis among children admitted to hospitals in two rural provinces: Thailand, October–December 2017

Author

Philip Mock, Somsak Thamthitiwat, Rewa Choudhary, Peeriya Watakulsin, Pitiphon Promduangsi, Nuttagarn Chuenchom, Supachoke Khemla, Woradee Lurchachaiwong, James D Heffelfinger, John R MacArthur, Emily Bloss, and Carol Y Rao

Subjects
Pediatrics, RJ1-570
Abstract

Paediatric sepsis prevalence data from low-income and middle-income countries are lacking. In a cross-sectional study, we assessed clinician recognition and documentation of non-neonatal community-acquired paediatric sepsis in two rural border provinces in Thailand among children admitted between October and December 2017. Of the 152 children meeting sepsis criteria (26.9 paediatric sepsis patients per 1000 admissions), 15 (9.9%) had a clinician-documented admission diagnosis of sepsis or septic shock and 18 (11.8%) had a discharge diagnosis with International Classification of Diseases-10 codes related to sepsis. Clinician underdocumentation may cause challenges in global paediatric sepsis surveillance.

Published
2024
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39. Codesigning a community-based participatory research project to assess tribal perspectives on privacy and health data sharing: A report from the Strong Heart Study

Author

Triplett, Cynthia, Fletcher, Burgundy J, Taitingfong, Riley I, Zhang, Ying, Ali, Tauqeer, Ohno-Machado, Lucila, and Bloss, Cinnamon S

Subjects
American Indian or Alaska Native, Clinical Research, Health and social care services research, 8.3 Policy, ethics, and research governance, Generic health relevance, Good Health and Well Being, American Indians or Alaska Natives, Biomedical Research, Community-Based Participatory Research, Humans, Indians, North American, Information Dissemination, Privacy, health information privacy, tribal consultation, community-based participatory research, indigenous populations, Information and Computing Sciences, Engineering, Medical and Health Sciences, Medical Informatics
Abstract

Broad health data sharing raises myriad ethical issues related to data protection and privacy. These issues are of particular relevance to Native Americans, who reserve distinct individual and collective rights to control data about their communities. We sought to gather input from tribal community leaders on how best to understand health data privacy and sharing preferences in this population. We conducted a workshop with 14 tribal leaders connected to the Strong Heart Study to codesign a research study to assess preferences concerning health data privacy for biomedical research. Workshop participants provided specific recommendations regarding who should be consulted, what questions should be posed, and what methods should be used, underscoring the importance of relationship-building between researchers and tribal communities. Biomedical researchers and informaticians who collect and analyze health information from Native communities have a unique responsibility to safeguard these data in ways that align to the preferences of specific communities.

Published
2022

40. Perceived Utility of Genomic Sequencing: Qualitative Analysis and Synthesis of a Conceptual Model to Inform Patient-Centered Instrument Development

Author

Smith, Hadley Stevens, Morain, Stephanie R, Robinson, Jill Oliver, Canfield, Isabel, Malek, Janet, Rubanovich, Caryn Kseniya, Bloss, Cinnamon S, Ackerman, Sara L, Biesecker, Barbara, Brothers, Kyle B, Goytia, Crispin N, Horowitz, Carol R, Knight, Sara J, Koenig, Barbara, Kraft, Stephanie A, Outram, Simon, Rini, Christine, Shipman, Kelly J, Waltz, Margaret, Wilfond, Benjamin, and McGuire, Amy L

Subjects
Clinical Research, Basic Behavioral and Social Science, Behavioral and Social Science, Mental Health, Good Health and Well Being, Adult, Child, Emotions, Genomics, Humans, Models, Theoretical, Parents, Patient-Centered Care, Qualitative Research, Medical and Health Sciences
Abstract

Background and objectivesSuccessful clinical integration of genomic sequencing (GS) requires evidence of its utility. While GS potentially has benefits (utilities) or harms (disutilities) across multiple domains of life for both patients and their families, there is as yet no empirically informed conceptual model of these effects. Our objective was to develop an empirically informed conceptual model of perceived utility of GS that captures utilities and disutilities for patients and their families across diverse backgrounds.MethodsWe took a patient-centered approach, in which we began with a review of existing literature followed by collection of primary interview data. We conducted semi-structured interviews to explore types of utility in a clinically and sociopolitically diverse sample of 60 adults from seven Clinical Sequencing Evidence-Generating Research (CSER) consortium projects. Interviewees had either personally received, or were parents of a child who had received, GS results. Qualitative data were analyzed using thematic analysis. Findings from interviews were integrated with existing literature on clinical and personal utility to form the basis of an initial conceptual model that was refined based on expert review and feedback.ResultsFive key utility types that have been previously identified in qualitative literature held up as primary domains of utility and disutility in our diverse sample. Interview data were used to specify and organize subdomains of an initial conceptual model. After expert refinement, the five primary domains included in the final model are clinical, emotional, behavioral, cognitive, and social, and several subdomains are specified within each.ConclusionWe present an empirically informed conceptual model of perceived utility of GS. This model can be used to guide development of instruments for patient-centered outcome measurement that capture the range of relevant utilities and disutilities and inform clinical implementation of GS.

Published
2022

41. Radical chemistry and ozone production at a UK coastal receptor site

Author

R. Woodward-Massey, R. Sommariva, L. K. Whalley, D. R. Cryer, T. Ingham, W. J. Bloss, S. M. Ball, S. Cox, J. D. Lee, C. P. Reed, L. R. Crilley, L. J. Kramer, B. J. Bandy, G. L. Forster, C. E. Reeves, P. S. Monks, and D. E. Heard

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999, Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract

OH, HO2, total and partially speciated RO2, and OH reactivity (kOH′) were measured during the July 2015 ICOZA (Integrated Chemistry of OZone in the Atmosphere) project that took place at a coastal site in north Norfolk, UK. Maximum measured daily OH, HO2 and total RO2 radical concentrations were in the range 2.6–17 × 106, 0.75–4.2 × 108 and 2.3–8.0 × 108 molec. cm−3, respectively. kOH′ ranged from 1.7 to 17.6 s−1, with a median value of 4.7 s−1. ICOZA data were split by wind direction to assess differences in the radical chemistry between air that had passed over the North Sea (NW–SE sectors) and that over major urban conurbations such as London (SW sector). A box model using the Master Chemical Mechanism (MCMv3.3.1) was in reasonable agreement with the OH measurements, but it overpredicted HO2 observations in NW–SE air in the afternoon by a factor of ∼ 2–3, although slightly better agreement was found for HO2 in SW air (factor of ∼ 1.4–2.0 underprediction). The box model severely underpredicted total RO2 observations in both NW–SE and SW air by factors of ∼ 8–9 on average. Measured radical and kOH′ levels and measurement–model ratios displayed strong dependences on NO mixing ratios, with the results suggesting that peroxy radical chemistry is not well understood under high-NOx conditions. The simultaneous measurement of OH, HO2, total RO2 and kOH′ was used to derive experimental (i.e. observationally determined) budgets for all radical species as well as total ROx (i.e. OH + HO2 + RO2). In NW–SE air, the ROx budget could be closed during the daytime within experimental uncertainty, but the rate of OH destruction exceeded the rate of OH production, and the rate of HO2 production greatly exceeded the rate of HO2 destruction, while the opposite was true for RO2. In SW air, the ROx budget analysis indicated missing daytime ROx sources, but the OH budget was balanced, and the same imbalances were found with the HO2 and RO2 budgets as in NW–SE air. For HO2 and RO2, the budget imbalances were most severe at high-NO mixing ratios, and the best agreement between HO2 and RO2 rates of production and destruction rates was found when the RO2 + NO rate coefficient was reduced by a factor of 5. A photostationary-steady-state (PSS) calculation underpredicted daytime OH in NW–SE air by ∼ 35 %, whereas agreement (∼ 15 %) was found within instrumental uncertainty (∼ 26 % at 2σ) in SW air. The rate of in situ ozone production (P(Ox)) was calculated from observations of ROx, NO and NO2 and compared to that calculated from MCM-modelled radical concentrations. The MCM-calculated P(Ox) significantly underpredicted the measurement-calculated P(Ox) in the morning, and the degree of underprediction was found to scale with NO.

Published
2023
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44. Learning to Practice Compassionate Care: Medical Students Discuss Their Most Memorable Lessons.

Author

Schairer, Cynthia E, Tutjer, Jenna, Cannavino, Christopher, Mobley, William C, Eyler, Lisa, and Bloss, Cinnamon S

Subjects
compassionate care, focus group research, navigation techniques, perspective taking, undergraduate medical education, Clinical Research, 8.1 Organisation and delivery of services, Health and social care services research, Good Health and Well Being
Abstract

Compassion in interactions between physicians and patients can have a therapeutic effect independent of the technical medical treatment provided. However, training physicians to effectively communicate compassion is challenging. This study explores how medical students experienced training focused on interacting with patients by examining students' reports of particularly memorable lessons. Six focus groups were conducted with medical students (total n = 48) in their fourth year of training. We report on responses from students to the question, "What was the most memorable lesson you have learned about interacting with patients?" Students discussed lessons aimed at patient-centered physical navigation, interpersonal navigation, and perspective taking. Concerns were raised that navigation techniques felt inauthentic and that perspective taking was too time consuming to be sustainable in actual practice. While perspective-taking exercises should motivate medical students to treat every patient with dignity by demonstrating the complexity of others' lives, if students assume that full understanding is a prerequisite to delivery of compassionate care, they may dismiss explicit techniques of patient-centered care as inauthentic and perceive compassion and efficiency as mutually exclusive.

Published
2022

45. Association of compassion and empathy with prosocial health behaviors and attitudes in a pandemic

Author

Karnaze, Melissa M, Bellettiere, John, and Bloss, Cinnamon S

Subjects
Psychology, Social and Personality Psychology, Human Society, Behavioral and Social Science, Prevention, Clinical Research, Good Health and Well Being, Adult, Altruism, Attitude, COVID-19, Empathy, Health Behavior, Humans, Pandemics, SARS-CoV-2, General Science & Technology
Abstract

This investigation examined how dispositional compassion and empathy were associated with prosocial behaviors and attitudes in the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Every two weeks from March 22 to June 15, 2020, we fielded a survey to a new cohort of adults in the U.S. Compassion related to whether one stayed home to protect others, more hours spent staying home and distancing from others, and more frequent mask wearing in public, in the past two weeks. Compassion also related to greater perceived ability to help others who were negatively affected. Empathy related to more endorsement of understanding others' fear of COVID-19, and less endorsement of the view that others were overreacting to COVID-19. There was an interaction between empathy and political ideology, suggesting that empathy may matter for understanding others' fear among those with more conservative-leaning beliefs. Empathy also related to greater understanding that sheltering-in-place helps prevent the spread of COVID-19. Findings suggest that messaging and interventions to increase compassion and empathy may promote public health behaviors during a pandemic regardless of political orientation. Targeting empathy may be one way to reach individuals with more conservative political beliefs, and it is important to use an evidence-based approach accounting for political party differences in motivated reasoning.

Published
2022

46. California Residents’ Perceptions of Gene Drive Systems to Control Mosquito-Borne Disease

Author

Schairer, Cynthia E, Triplett, Cynthia, Akbari, Omar S, and Bloss, Cinnamon S

Subjects
Biological Sciences, Genetics, Vector-Borne Diseases, Emerging Infectious Diseases, Infectious Diseases, Infection, Good Health and Well Being, community and stakeholder engagement, public health, vector control, science communication, genetic engineering, gene drives, Other Biological Sciences, Biomedical Engineering, Medical Biotechnology, Industrial biotechnology, Medical biotechnology, Biomedical engineering
Abstract

Scientists developing gene drive mosquitoes for vector control must understand how residents of affected areas regard both the problem of mosquito-borne disease and the potential solutions offered by gene drive. This study represents an experiment in public engagement at an early stage of technology development, intended to inform lab scientists about public attitudes toward their research and inspire consideration and conversation about the social ramifications of creating mosquitoes with gene drive. Online focus groups with California residents explored views on mosquito-borne disease risk, current mosquito control methods, and the proposed development and use of different classes of gene drives to control Ae. aegypti. Rather than a dogmatic rejection of genetic engineering or gene drive, many participants expressed pragmatic concerns with cost, control, the ability to narrowly target specific species, and the challenges of mistrust and institutional cooperation. Work like this can inform the alignment of community priorities and the professional priorities of scientists and vector control specialists.

Published
2022

47. Suppression of X-Ray-Induced Radiation Damage to Biomolecules in Aqueous Environments by Immediate Intermolecular Decay of Inner-Shell Vacancies

Author

Hans, Andreas, Schmidt, Philipp, Küstner-Wetekam, Catmarna, Trinter, Florian, Deinert, Sascha, Bloß, Dana, Viehmann, Johannes H., Schaf, Rebecca, Gerstel, Miriam, Saak, Clara M., Buck, Jens, Klumpp, Stephan, Hartmann, Gregor, Cederbaum, Lorenz S., Kryzhevoi, Nikolai V., and Knie, André

Subjects
Physics - Chemical Physics, Physics - Atomic Physics
Abstract

The predominant reason for the damaging power of high-energy radiation is multiple ionization of a molecule, either direct or via the decay of highly excited intermediates, as e.g., in the case of X-ray irradiation. Consequently, the molecule is irreparably damaged by the subsequent fragmentation in a Coulomb explosion. In an aqueous environment, however, it has been observed that irradiated molecules may be saved from fragmentation presumably by charge and energy dissipation mechanisms. Here, we show that the protective effect of the environment sets in even earlier than hitherto expected, namely immediately after single inner-shell ionization. By combining coincidence measurements of the fragmentation of X-ray-irradiated microsolvated pyrimidine molecules with theoretical calculations, we identify direct intermolecular electronic decay as the protective mechanism, outrunning the usually dominant Auger decay. Our results demonstrate that such processes play a key role in charge delocalization and have to be considered in investigations and models on high-energy radiation damage in realistic environments., Comment: 18 pages, 4 figures

Published
2021
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