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Porcine interferon γ (poIFN-γ) and porcine granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor(poGM-CSF) are multi-functional cytokines that have previously been shown to exhibit robust antiviral activity against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV). However, it remains to be established as to whether a recombinant poIFN-γ-poGM-CSF fusion protein prepared in a prokaryotic expression system offers value as an adjuvant when administered with the PRRSV killed vaccine (KV). In the present study, a recombinant poIFN-γ-linker-poGM-CSF fusion gene was created via splicing by overlap extension PCR (SOE-PCR) and prepared using an E. coli expression system, after which its adjuvant activity in the context of PRRSV KV administration was assessed. This analysis revealed the successful construction of the poIFN-γ-linker-poGM-CSF fusion gene via SOE-PCR, with recombinant poIFN-γ-linker-poGM-CSF successfully being prepared in E. coli with the pET32a vector. Importantly, the co-administration of poIFN-γ-linker-poGM-CSF and PRRSV KV resulted in a significant increase in neutralizing antibody titers, accelerated viral clearance, reduced clinical symptoms, and enhanced overall protection against HP-PRRSV infection.

Soil-plant system is the basic structural unit of the biosphere, with close mutual feedback between soil and plants. The degradation of soil exerts various abiotic stresses to plants, disturbs the physiological metabolism of plants, and inhibits nutrient acquisition. Earthworms are known as "ecosystem engineers", which can regulate soil physical-chemical-biological characteristics, improve the quality of the degraded soil (saline soil, heavy metals and organic pollutants contaminated soil), alleviate plants under stress, increase soil nutrient availability, promote plant growth. Furthermore, through the secretion of signal substances, earthworms could improve the resistance of plants. The ecological remediation effects of earthworms on soil-plant system are of great significance for improving environment of plant growth and maintaining the health and stability of soil.土壤-植物系统是生物圈的基本结构单元,土壤与植物之间存在密切的相互反馈。土壤退化导致植物面临各种非生物胁迫,植物的生理代谢遭到干扰,养分获取受到抑制。蚯蚓被称为“生态系统的工程师”。蚯蚓能够通过调控土壤物理-化学-生物学特性,改良退化土壤(盐碱土、重金属和有机污染物污染土壤),缓解植物所受胁迫,增加土壤养分有效性,促进植物生长,并通过自身分泌的信号物质提高植物的抗逆性。蚯蚓对土壤-植物系统的生态修复作用,对于改善植物生长环境、维持土壤生态系统健康和稳定具有重要意义。.

Aims Acid rain is considered one of the three most serious environmental disasters worldwide, disrupting the normal physiological metabolism of plants and inhibiting their growth. As important parts of soil biota community, both earthworms and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi can promote the growth of plants under adverse conditions. However, whether them can improve the stress tolerance of plants under simulated acid rain stress remains to be explored.Methods Illumina high-throughput sequencing was used to conduct a relevant redundancy analysis (RDA) of soil microbial community structure and plant growth factors, and a structural equation model (SEM) was constructed for maize biomass and a biological index to study the mechanisms by which earthworms and mycorrhizal fungi affect maize stress resistance under simulated acid rain stress. Results Earthworms promoted the absorption of soil organic matter by maize; promoted the growth of the root system; and increased the hormone levels of GA3, ABA and IAA; ultimately improving the stress resistance of maize. Mycorrhizal fungi increased the relative abundance of plant growth-promoting rhizosphere bacteria, increased the levels of plant hormones and antioxidant enzymes, and improved the stress resistance of maize. Earthworms promoted infection by mycorrhizal fungi, and the interaction between earthworms and mycorrhizal fungi increased the root IAA content and the Shannon index of rhizosphere bacteria.Conclusions Both earthworms and mycorrhizal fungi can improve the stress resistance of maize through underground regulation. They interacted in increasing the root IAA content and the Shannon index of rhizosphere bacteria and alleviated the simulated acid rain stress of the aboveground part of the maize.

A modified continuum model of electro-statically actuated micro-beam is presented based on the modified couple stress theory. The new model contains a material length scale parameter and can capture the size effect, unlike the classical Bernoulli-Euler beam theory. The governing equation of the micro-beam is derived based on the Hamilton’s principle, which accounts for the effects of the moderately large deflection, the residual stress and the fringing electrostatic field. The numerical analysis of mechanical characterization is performed by the Analog Equation Method (AEM). The effects of the couple stress on the static and dynamic responses, pull-in voltage and pull-in time are discussed.

Pier concrete is vulnerable to cracking when using concrete rapid construction after long off period. In order to solve this problem, crack mechanism and effects of several temperature control measures of thin-walled structure concrete is analyzed. Through analyzing the temperature and stress time-space variation using 3D finite element method, it can be found that stress is more sensitive to controlling concrete placing temperature than other measures. It also shows that under the condition of taking other proper temperature control measures, low placing temperature can not be spared.